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Gao Y, Sun YY, Bai D, Wu XX. Mechanism of the components compatibility of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma on mice with hyperlipidemia by regulating the Cyp4a family. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118263. [PMID: 38677575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scutellariae Radix, SR) and Coptis chinensis Franch (Coptidis Rhizoma, CR) is a classic herbal pair used in many Traditional Chinese Medicine formulations in the treatment of hyperlipidemia (HLP). As effective ingredients of the drug pair, the effects and mechanisms of berberine and baicalin in the treatment of HLP in the form of components compatibility are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the mechanism of the components compatibility of SR and CR in the treatment of HLP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HLP model was established by a high-fat diet. Serum biochemical indexes were detected. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were detected. RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to analyze the effect of RA on the expression of the Cyp4a family during the treatment of HLP. RESULTS Berberine-baicalin (RA) has a good effect in the treatment of HLP. RA can significantly reduce the body weight and liver weight of HLP, reduce the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and increase the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Through transcriptomic analysis, RA significantly reversed the gene expression of Cyp4a10, Cyp4a12 b, Cyp4a31, and Cyp4a32 in cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily a (Cyp4a) which related to fatty acid degradation in the liver of HLP mice. The results of fatty acid detection showed that RA could significantly regulate heptanoic acid, EPA, adrenic acid, DH-γ-linolenic acid, and DPA in the cecum of HLP mice. The Cyp4a family genes regulated by RA are closely related to a variety of fatty acids regulated by RA. RT-PCR confirmed that RA could regulate Cyp4a mRNA expression in HLP mice. WB also showed that RA can regulate the protein expression level of Cyp4a. CONCLUSION The components compatibility of SR and CR can effectively improve the blood lipid level of HLP mice, its mechanism may be related to regulating Cyp4a gene expression and affecting fatty acid degradation, regulating the level of fatty acid metabolism in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- The Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yang-Yang Sun
- The Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Dong Bai
- The Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xiao-Xia Wu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Yang Y, Wu P, Guo J, Pan Z, Lin S, Zeng W, Wang C, Dong Z, Wang S. Circadian time-dependent effects of experimental colitis on theophylline disposition and toxicity. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38862812 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drug disposition undergoes significant alteration in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet circadian time-dependency of these changes remains largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to determine the temporal effects of experimental colitis on drug disposition and toxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH RNA-sequencing was used to screen genes relevant to colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate in mice. Liver microsomes and pharmacokinetic analysis were used to analyze the activity of key enzymes. Dual luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were employed to elucidate regulatory mechanisms. KEY RESULTS RNA sequencing analysis revealed that colitis markedly influenced expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Specifically, a substantial down-regulation of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 was observed in livers of mice with colitis at Zeitgeber Time 8 (ZT8), with no significant changes detected at ZT20. At ZT8, the altered expression corresponded to diminished metabolism and enhanced incidence of hepato-cardiac toxicity of theophylline, a substrate specifically metabolized by these enzymes. A combination of assays, integrating liver-specific Bmal1 knockout and targeted activation of BMAL1 showed that dysregulation in CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 during colitis was attributable to perturbed BMAL1 functionality. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays collectively substantiated the role of BMAL1 in regulating Cyp1a2 and Cyp2e1 transcription through its binding affinity to E-box-like sites. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION Our findings establish a strong link between colitis and chronopharmacology, shedding light on how IBD affects drug disposition and toxicity over time. This research provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing drug dosage in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Juntao Guo
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixi Pan
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shubin Lin
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanying Zeng
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Lu Z, Qian P, Chang J, He X, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhang T, Wu J. Multi-omics analysis explores the effect of chronic exercise on liver metabolic reprogramming in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1199902. [PMID: 37408533 PMCID: PMC10318136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1199902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of exercise on human metabolism is obvious. However, the effect of chronic exercise on liver metabolism in mice is less well described. Methods: The healthy adult mice running for 6 weeks as exercise model and sedentary mice as control were used to perform transcriptomic, proteomic, acetyl-proteomics, and metabolomics analysis. In addition, correlation analysis between transcriptome and proteome, and proteome and metabolome was conducted as well. Results: In total, 88 mRNAs and 25 proteins were differentially regulated by chronic exercise. In particular, two proteins (Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14) showed consistent trends (upregulated) at transcription and protein levels. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 are mainly involved in fatty acid degradation, retinol metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway. For acetyl-proteomics analysis, 185 differentially acetylated proteins and 207 differentially acetylated sites were identified. Then, 693 metabolites in positive mode and 537 metabolites in negative mode were identified, which were involved in metabolic pathways such as fatty acid metabolism, citrate cycle and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: Based on the results of transcriptomic, proteomics, acetyl-proteomics and metabolomics analysis, chronic moderate intensity exercise has certain effects on liver metabolism and protein synthesis in mice. Chronic moderate intensity exercise may participate in liver energy metabolism by influencing the expression of Cyp4a14, Cyp4a10, arachidonic acid and acetyl coenzyme A and regulating fatty acid degradation, arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acyl metabolism and subsequent acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Lu
- Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Chang
- Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejia He
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Experimental Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Zhao N, Zhang L, Qiu W, Song C, Chai J, Cai S, Chen W. Gut Microbiota Deficiency Exacerbates Liver Injury in Bile Duct Ligated Mice via Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043180. [PMID: 36834588 PMCID: PMC9960910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile components play a critical role in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. In cholestasis, bile secretion is impaired, leading to liver injury. However, it remains to be elucidated whether gut microbiota plays a role in cholestatic liver injury. Here, we performed a sham operation and bile duct ligation (BDL) in antibiotic-induced microbiome depleted (AIMD) mice and assessed liver injury and fecal microbiota composition in these mice. Significant reductions in gut microbiota richness and diversity were found in AIMD-sham mice when compared to sham controls. Three-day BDL leads to great elevation of plasma ALT, ALP, total bile acids, and bilirubin where reduced diversity of the gut microbiota was also found. AIMD further aggravated cholestatic liver injury evidenced by significantly higher levels of plasma ALT and ALP, associated with further reduced diversity and increased Gram-negative bacteria in gut microbiota. Further analyses revealed increased levels of LPS in the plasma of AIMD-BDL mice where elevated expression of inflammatory genes and decreased expression of hepatic detoxification enzymes were also found in liver when compared to the BDL group. These findings indicate that gut microbiota plays a critical role in cholestatic liver injury. Maintaining its homeostasis may alleviate liver injury in patients with cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Zhou
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoxun Zhang
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liangjun Zhang
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunwei Song
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jin Chai
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiying Cai
- The Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-23-68765191; Fax: +86-23-65410853
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Subterminal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids: Crucial lipid mediators in normal physiology and disease states. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:140-150. [PMID: 30543782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are superfamily of monooxygenases that hold the utmost diversity of substrate structures and catalytic reaction forms amongst all other enzymes. P450 enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) to a wide array of biologically active lipid mediators. P450-mediated AA metabolites have a significant role in normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions, hence they could be promising therapeutic targets in different disease states. P450 monooxygenases mediate the (ω-n)-hydroxylation reactions, which involve the introduction of a hydroxyl group to the carbon skeleton of AA, forming subterminal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). In the current review, we specified different P450 isozymes implicated in the formation of subterminal HETEs in varied tissues. In addition, we focused on the role of subterminal HETEs namely 19-HETE, 16-HETE, 17-HETE and 18-HETE in different organs, importantly the kidneys, heart, liver and brain. Furthermore, we highlighted their role in hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, diabetic retinopathy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, ischemic stroke as well as inflammatory diseases. Since each member of subterminal HETEs exist as R and S enantiomer, we addressed the issue of stereoselectivity related to the formation and differential effects of these enantiomers. In conclusion, elucidation of different roles of subterminal HETEs in normal and disease states leads to identification of novel therapeutic targets and development of new therapeutic modalities in different disease states.
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Lapek JD, Mills RH, Wozniak JM, Campeau A, Fang RH, Wei X, van de Groep K, Perez-Lopez A, van Sorge NM, Raffatellu M, Knight R, Zhang L, Gonzalez DJ. Defining Host Responses during Systemic Bacterial Infection through Construction of a Murine Organ Proteome Atlas. Cell Syst 2018; 6:579-592.e4. [PMID: 29778837 PMCID: PMC7868092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) remains one of the top 10 deadliest human pathogens worldwide despite its sensitivity to penicillin. Although the most common GAS infection is pharyngitis (strep throat), it also causes life-threatening systemic infections. A series of complex networks between host and pathogen drive invasive infections, which have not been comprehensively mapped. Attempting to map these interactions, we examined organ-level protein dynamics using a mouse model of systemic GAS infection. We quantified over 11,000 proteins, defining organ-specific markers for all analyzed tissues. From this analysis, an atlas of dynamically regulated proteins and pathways was constructed. Through statistical methods, we narrowed organ-specific markers of infection to 34 from the defined atlas. We show these markers are trackable in blood of infected mice, and a subset has been observed in plasma samples from GAS-infected clinical patients. This proteomics-based strategy provides insight into host defense responses, establishes potentially useful targets for therapeutic intervention, and presents biomarkers for determining affected organs during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Lapek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert H Mills
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacob M Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anaamika Campeau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kirsten van de Groep
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G04.614, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G04.614, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Araceli Perez-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G04.614, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Jonsson-Schmunk K, Schafer SC, Croyle MA. Impact of nanomedicine on hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 activity: things to consider during pre-clinical and clinical studies. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kieffer DA, Piccolo BD, Marco ML, Kim EB, Goodson ML, Keenan MJ, Dunn TN, Knudsen KEB, Martin RJ, Adams SH. Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet Supplemented with Resistant Starch Display Marked Shifts in the Liver Metabolome Concurrent with Altered Gut Bacteria. J Nutr 2016; 146:2476-2490. [PMID: 27807042 PMCID: PMC5118768 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.238931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-amylose-maize resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) is a fermentable dietary fiber known to alter the gut milieu, including the gut microbiota, which may explain the reported effects of resistant starch to ameliorate obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. OBJECTIVE Our working hypothesis was that HAMRS2-induced microbiome changes alter gut-derived signals (i.e., xenometabolites) reaching the liver via the portal circulation, in turn altering liver metabolism by regulating gene expression and other pathways. METHODS We used a multi-omics systems biology approach to characterize HAMRS2-driven shifts to the cecal microbiome, liver metabolome, and transcriptome, identifying correlates between microbial changes and liver metabolites under obesogenic conditions that, to our knowledge, have not previously been recognized. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed an energy-dense 45% lard-based-fat diet for 10 wk supplemented with either 20% HAMRS2 by weight (n = 14) or rapidly digestible starch (control diet; n = 15). RESULTS Despite no differences in food intake, body weight, glucose tolerance, fasting plasma insulin, or liver triglycerides, the HAMRS2 mice showed a 15-58% reduction in all measured liver amino acids, except for Gln, compared with control mice. These metabolites were equivalent in the plasma of HAMRS2 mice compared with controls, and transcripts encoding key amino acid transporters were not different in the small intestine or liver, suggesting that HAMRS2 effects were not simply due to lower hepatocyte exposure to systemic amino acids. Instead, alterations in gut microbial metabolism could have affected host nitrogen and amino acid homeostasis: HAMRS2 mice showed a 62% increase (P < 0.0001) in 48-h fecal output and a 41% increase (P < 0.0001) in fecal nitrogen compared with control mice. Beyond amino acid metabolism, liver transcriptomics revealed pathways related to lipid and xenobiotic metabolism; and pathways related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth were affected by HAMRS2 feeding. CONCLUSION Together, these differences indicate that HAMRS2 dramatically alters hepatic metabolism and gene expression concurrent with shifts in specific gut bacteria in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A Kieffer
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and
- Department of Nutrition
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | | | - Eun Bae Kim
- Food Science and Technology Department, and
- Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Tamara N Dunn
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and
- Department of Nutrition
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | | | - Roy J Martin
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and
- Department of Nutrition
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and
- Department of Nutrition
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Kummer A, Nishanth G, Koschel J, Klawonn F, Schlüter D, Jänsch L. Listeriosis downregulates hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes in sublethal murine infection. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1025-1035. [PMID: 27273978 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) can cross the intestinal barrier in humans and then disseminates into different organs. Invasion of the liver occurs even in sublethal infections, however, knowledge of affected physiological processes is scarce. This study employed a sublethal murine infection model to investigate liver responses systematically by proteomics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Liver samples from three stages of the sublethal infection covering the initial invasion, the peak of infection, and the clearance phase (1, 3, 9 days postinoculation) were analyzed in comparison to samples from noninfected mice. Apart from flow cytometry and RT-PCRs for immune status control, liver responses were analyzed by quantitative peptide sequencing (HPLC-Orbitrap Fusion) using 4-plex iTRAQ-labeling. RESULTS Accurate MS characterized about 3600 proteins and statistics revealed 15% of the hepatic proteome as regulated. Immunological data as well as protein regulation dynamics strongly indicate stage-specific hepatic responses in sublethal infections. Most notably, this study detected a comprehensive deregulation of drug metabolizing enzymes at all stages, including 25 components of the cytochrome P450 system. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sublethal Lm infection deregulates hepatic drug metabolizing pathways. This finding indicates the need to monitor drug administration along Lm infections, especially in all patients needing constant medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kummer
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gopala Nishanth
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Organ-specific Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Frank Klawonn
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Organ-specific Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Johnson AL, Edson KZ, Totah RA, Rettie AE. Cytochrome P450 ω-Hydroxylases in Inflammation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 74:223-62. [PMID: 26233909 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-dependent ω-hydroxylation is a prototypic metabolic reaction of CYP4 family members that is important for the elimination and bioactivation of not only therapeutic drugs, but also endogenous compounds, principally fatty acids. Eicosanoids, derived from arachidonic acid, are key substrates in the latter category. Human CYP4 enzymes, mainly CYP4A11, CYP4F2, and CYP4F3B, hydroxylate arachidonic acid at the omega position to form 20-HETE, which has important effects in tumor progression and on angiogenesis and blood pressure regulation in the vasculature and kidney. CYP4F3A in myeloid tissue catalyzes the ω-hydroxylation of leukotriene B4 to 20-hydroxy leukotriene B4, an inactivation process that is critical for the regulation of the inflammatory response. Here, we review the enzymology, tissue distribution, and substrate selectivity of human CYP4 ω-hydroxylases and their roles as catalysts for the formation and termination of the biological effects of key eicosanoid metabolites in inflammation and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Johnson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katheryne Z Edson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allan E Rettie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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