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Sahu A, Rathee S, Jain SK, Patil UK. Exploring the Promising Role of Guggulipid in Rheumatoid Arthritis Management: An In-depth Analysis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:469-487. [PMID: 38284718 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971280984240101115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guggulipid, an oleo-gum resin extracted from the bark of Commiphora wightii of the Burseraceae family, holds a significant place in Ayurvedic medicine due to its historical use in treating various disorders, including inflammation, gout, rheumatism, obesity, and lipid metabolism imbalances. OBJECTIVE This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the molecular targets of guggulipids and explore their cellular responses. Furthermore, it summarizes the findings from in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical investigations related to arthritis and various inflammatory conditions. METHODS A comprehensive survey encompassing in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical studies has been conducted to explore the therapeutic capacity of guggulipid in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Various molecular pathways, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and NFκB signaling pathways, have been targeted to assess the antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of this compound. RESULTS The research findings reveal that guggulipid demonstrates notable antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects by targeting key molecular pathways involved in inflammatory responses. These pathways include COX-2, VEGF, PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT, iNOS, and NFκB signaling pathways. in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical studies collectively support the therapeutic potential of guggulipid in managing rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory conditions. CONCLUSION This review provides a deeper understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms and potential of guggulipid in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. The collective evidence strongly supports the promising role of guggulipid as a therapeutic agent, encouraging further research and development in guggulipid-based treatments for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Sunny Rathee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
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Liu J, Lin Y, Yang Y, Guo Y, Shang Y, Zhou B, Liu T, Fan J, Wei C. Z-Guggulsterone attenuates cognitive defects and decreases neuroinflammation in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice through inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115149. [PMID: 35714682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that inflammatory damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Z-Guggulsterone (Z-GS) is a natural steroid, which is extracted from Commiphora mukul and has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the disease-modifying effects of chronic Z-GS administration on the cognitive and neuropathological impairments in the transgenic mouse models of AD. We found that chronic Z-GS administration prevented learning and memory deficits in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. In addition, Z-GS treatment significantly decreased cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and plaque burden via inhibiting amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by reducing beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. We also found that Z-GS treatment markedly alleviated neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic defects in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Furthermore, the activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were remarkably inhibited by Z-GS treatment, which was achieved via suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK. Collectively, our data demonstrate that chronic Z-GS treatment restores cognitive defects and reverses multiple neuropathological impairments in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. This study provides novel insights into the neuroprotective effects and neurobiological mechanisms of Z-GS on AD, indicating that Z-GS is a promising disease-modifying agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yane Guo
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanchang Shang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jiao Fan
- Institute of Geriatrics, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Balkrishna A, Tomer M, Joshi M, Gujral S, Mishra R, Srivastava J, Varshney A. Standardization and validation of phyto‐metabolites by Ultra‐HPLC and high‐performance thin layer chromatography for rapid quality assessment of ancient ayurvedic medicine, Mahayograj Guggul. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1616-1635. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences University of Patanjali Patanjali Yogpeeth Roorkee‐Haridwar Road Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Monali Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Seema Gujral
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Rajesh Mishra
- Department of Dravya‐Guna Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan avam Anusandhan Sansthan Patanjali Yogpeeth Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences University of Patanjali Patanjali Yogpeeth Roorkee‐Haridwar Road Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110 067 India
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Kim BR, Kim J, Lee JE, Lee EJ, Yoon JS. Therapeutic Effect of Guggulsterone in Primary Cultured Orbital Fibroblasts Obtained From Patients with Graves' Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:39. [PMID: 32196098 PMCID: PMC7401490 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammation, hyaluronan production, and adipogenesis are the main pathological events leading to Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Guggulsterone (GS), a phytosterol found in the resin of the guggul plant, is a well-known treatment for several inflammatory disorders, such as arthritis, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Here we investigated the effects of GS treatment on GO pathology. Methods Using primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from GO patients and non-GO controls, we examined the effects of GS on hyaluronan production and the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Further, adipogenic differentiation was evaluated by quantification of Oil Red O staining and assessment of protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activator gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) α and β, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1). Results Treatment with noncytotoxic concentrations of GS resulted in the dose-dependent inhibition of IL-1β-induced inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and COX-2, at both mRNA and protein levels. The hyaluronan level was also significantly suppressed by GS. Moreover, GS significantly decreased the formation of lipid droplets and expression of PPARγ, C/EBP α/β, and SREBP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. GS pretreatment attenuated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B induced by IL-1β. Conclusions Our data show significant inhibitory effects of GS on inflammation, production of hyaluronan, and adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts. To our knowledge, this is the first in vitro preclinical evidence of the therapeutic effect of GS in GO.
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Feng S, Belwal T, Li L, Limwachiranon J, Liu X, Luo Z. Phytosterols and their derivatives: Potential health‐promoting uses against lipid metabolism and associated diseases, mechanism, and safety issues. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1243-1267. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light IndustryZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingquan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food SciencesZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Hangzhou 311300 People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Research InstituteZhejiang University Ningbo 315100 People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
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Kim DG, Choi JW, Jo IJ, Kim MJ, Lee HS, Hong SH, Song HJ, Bae GS, Park SJ. Berberine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory responses in mouse inner medullary collecting duct‑3 cells by downregulation of NF‑κB pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:258-266. [PMID: 31746359 PMCID: PMC6896374 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major role of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells is to maintain water and sodium homeostasis. In addition to the major role, it also participates in the protection of renal and systemic inflammation. Although IMCD cells could take part in renal and systemic inflammation, investigations on renal inflammation in IMCD cells have rarely been reported. Although berberine (BBR) has been reported to show diverse pharmacological effects, its anti-inflammatory and protective effects on IMCD cells have not been studied. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of BBR in mouse IMCD-3 (mIMCD-3) cells against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). An MTT assay was carried out to investigate the toxicity of BBR on mIMCD-3 cells. Reverse transcription quantitative-PCR and western blotting were performed to analysis pro-inflammatory molecules and cytokines. Mechanisms of BBR were examined by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. According to previous studies, pro-inflammatory molecules, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α are increased in LPS-exposed mIMCD-3 cells. However, the production of these pro-inflammatory molecules is significantly inhibited by treatment with BBR. In addition, BBR inhibited translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus, and degradation of inhibitory κ-Bα in LPS-exposed mIMCD-3 cells. In conclusion, BBR could inhibit renal inflammatory responses via inhibition of NF-κB signaling and ultimately contribute to amelioration of renal injury during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gu Kim
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Jo
- Division of Beauty Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Song
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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Probst S, Scharner B, McErlean R, Lee WK, Thévenod F. Inverse Regulation of Lipocalin-2/24p3 Receptor/SLC22A17 and Lipocalin-2 Expression by Tonicity, NFAT5/TonEBP and Arginine Vasopressin in Mouse Cortical Collecting Duct Cells mCCD(cl.1): Implications for Osmotolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215398. [PMID: 31671521 PMCID: PMC6862280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent collecting duct (CD) expresses a 24p3/NGAL/lipocalin-2 (LCN2) receptor (SLC22A17) apically, possibly to mediate high-affinity reabsorption of filtered proteins by endocytosis, although its functions remain uncertain. Recently, we showed that hyperosmolarity/-tonicity upregulates SLC22A17 in cultured mouse inner-medullary CD cells, whereas activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), via bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), downregulates SLC22A17. This is similar to the upregulation of Aqp2 by hyperosmolarity/-tonicity and arginine vasopressin (AVP), and downregulation by TLR4 signaling, which occur via the transcription factors NFAT5 (TonEBP or OREBP), cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), and nuclear factor-kappa B, respectively. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of osmolarity/tonicity and AVP, and their associated signaling pathways, on the expression of SLC22A17 and its ligand, LCN2, in the mouse (m) cortical collecting duct cell line mCCD(cl.1). Normosmolarity/-tonicity corresponded to 300 mosmol/L, whereas the addition of 50–100 mmol/L NaCl for up to 72 h induced hyperosmolarity/-tonicity (400–500 mosmol/L). RT-PCR, qPCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy detected Slc22a17/SLC22A17 and Lcn2/LCN2 expression. RNAi silenced Nfat5, and the pharmacological agent 666-15 blocked CREB. Activation of TLR4 was induced with LPS. Similar to Aqp2, hyperosmotic/-tonic media and AVP upregulated Slc22a17/SLC22A17, via activation of NFAT5 and CREB, respectively, and LPS/TLR4 signaling downregulated Slc22a17/SLC22A17. Conversely, though NFAT5 mediated the hyperosmolarity/-tonicity induced downregulation of Lcn2/LCN2 expression, AVP reduced Lcn2/LCN2 expression and predominantly apical LCN2 secretion, evoked by LPS, through a posttranslational mode of action that was independent of CREB signaling. In conclusion, the hyperosmotic/-tonic upregulation of SLC22A17 in mCCD(cl.1) cells, via NFAT5, and by AVP, via CREB, suggests that SLC22A17 contributes to adaptive osmotolerance, whereas LCN2 downregulation could counteract increased proliferation and permanent damage of osmotically stressed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Probst
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
| | - Bettina Scharner
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
| | - Ruairi McErlean
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
| | - Frank Thévenod
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
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Momozane T, Kawamura T, Itoh Y, Sanosaka M, Sasaki T, Kanzaki R, Ose N, Funaki S, Shintani Y, Minami M, Okumura M, Takemori H. Carnosol suppresses interleukin-6 production in mouse lungs injured by ischemia–reperfusion operation and in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:769-776. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosol is a naturally occurring herbal compound, known for its antioxidative properties. We previously found that carnosol protected mouse lungs from ischemia–reperfusion injury in ex vivo cultures. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning carnosol-mediated lung protection, we analyzed modes of interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression, which is associated with lung ischemia–reperfusion injury. Microarray analysis of mouse lungs suggested that IL-6 mRNA levels were elevated in the mouse lungs subjected to clamp-reperfusion, which was associated with elevated levels of other inflammatory modulators, such as activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). Carnosol pretreatment lowered the IL-6 protein levels in mouse lung homogenates prepared after the clamp-reperfusion. On the other hand, the ATF3 gene expression was negatively correlated with that of IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. IL-6 mRNA levels and gene promoter activities were suppressed by carnosol in RAW264.7 cells, but rescued by ATF3 knockdown. When RAW264.7 cells were subjected to hypoxia–reoxygenation, carnosol treatment lowered oxygen consumption after reoxygenation, which was coupled with a correlation with a transient production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and following ATF3 gene expression. These results suggest that carnosol treatment could be a new strategy for protecting lungs from ischemia–reperfusion injury by modulating the ATF3–IL-6 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Momozane
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling & Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Asagi-Saito, Ibaraki Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawamura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling & Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Asagi-Saito, Ibaraki Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yumi Itoh
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling & Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Asagi-Saito, Ibaraki Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masato Sanosaka
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling & Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Asagi-Saito, Ibaraki Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryu Kanzaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Ose
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Minami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling & Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8, Asagi-Saito, Ibaraki Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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9
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Liu T, Liu M, Zhang T, Liu W, Xu H, Mu F, Ren D, Jia N, Li Z, Ding Y, Wen A, Li Y. Z-Guggulsterone attenuates astrocytes-mediated neuroinflammation after ischemia by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 pathway. J Neurochem 2018; 147:803-815. [PMID: 30168601 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory damage plays a pivotal role in ischemic stroke pathogenesis and may represent one of the therapeutic targets. Z-Guggulsterone (Z-GS), an active component derived from myrrh, has been used to treat various diseases. The traditional uses suggest that myrrh is a good candidate for anti-inflammatory damage. This study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Z-GS following cerebral ischemic injury, as well as the exact mechanisms behind them. Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and in vitro astrocytes oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model were adopted to simulate ischemic stroke. Z-GS (30 or 60 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion, while astrocytes were maintained in 30 or 60 μM Z-GS before OGD treatment. The results indicated that Z-GS significantly alleviated neurological deficits, infarct volume and histopathological damage in vivo, and increased the astrocytes viability in vitro. Moreover, the treatment of Z-GS inhibited the astrocytes activation and down-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the activated TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathways induced by MCAO or OGD were significantly suppressed by Z-GS treatment, which was achieved via inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK. Our results demonstrated that Z-GS exerted neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties through preventing activation of TLR4-mediated pathway in the activated astrocytes after ischemia injury. Therefore, Z-GS could be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danjun Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of SooChow University, Suzhou, China
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Kunnumakkara AB, Banik K, Bordoloi D, Harsha C, Sailo BL, Padmavathi G, Roy NK, Gupta SC, Aggarwal BB. Googling the Guggul (Commiphora and Boswellia) for Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:686. [PMID: 30127736 PMCID: PMC6087759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research during last 2 decades has revealed that most drugs discovered today, although costs billions of dollars for discovery, and yet they are highly ineffective in their clinical response. For instance, the European Medicines Agency has approved 68 anti-cancer drugs, and out of which 39 has reached the market level with no indication of increased survival nor betterment of quality of life. Even when drugs did improve survival rate compared to available treatment strategies, most of these were found to be clinically insignificant. This is a fundamental problem with modern drug discovery which is based on thinking that most chronic diseases are caused by alteration of a single gene and thus most therapies are single gene-targeted therapies. However, extensive research has revealed that most chronic diseases are caused by multiple gene products. Although most drugs designed by man are mono-targeted therapies, however, those designed by "mother nature" and have been used for thousands of years, are "multi-targeted" therapies. In this review, we examine two agents that have been around for thousands of years, namely "guggul" from Commiphora and Boswellia. Although we are all familiar with the search engine "google," this is another type of "guggul" that has been used for centuries and being explored for its various biological activities. The current review summarizes the traditional uses, chemistry, in vitro and in vivo biological activities, molecular targets, and clinical trials performed with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bethsebie L. Sailo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ganesan Padmavathi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nand K. Roy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Subash C. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Feng S, Dai Z, Liu A, Wang H, Chen J, Luo Z, Yang CS. β-Sitosterol and stigmasterol ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice fed a high fat Western-style diet. Food Funct 2018; 8:4179-4186. [PMID: 29034917 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00375g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols, the plant analogues of cholesterol, widely occur in the human diet. In this study, we investigated and compared the effects of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (both with purities ≥95%) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J male mice fed a high fat Western-style diet. Mice treated with DSS developed severe mucosal colitis, with a marked distortion and crypt loss of colonic surface epithelium. Both β-sitosterol and stigmasterol significantly inhibited colon shortening, lowered fecal hemoglobin content, and reduced the severity of colitis in the middle and distal colon (p < 0.05). These phytosterols also significantly suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. They also significantly decreased colony stimulating factor-1 and the nuclear translocation of inflammatory master regulator nuclear factor-kappa B. Stigmasterol significantly lowered the colonic inflammation score and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and colony stimulating factor-1, while β-sitosterol was less or not effective. These results suggest that dietary intake of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol ameliorates colitis. Such activities of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in humans remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Guggulsterone and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:329-361. [PMID: 27771932 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Guggulsterone is a plant sterol derived from gum resin of Commiphora wightii. The gum resin from guggul plants has been used for thousand years in Ayurveda to treat various disorders, including internal tumors, obesity, liver disorders, malignant sores and ulcers, urinary complaints, intestinal worms, leucoderma, sinuses, edema, and sudden paralytic seizures. Guggulsterone has been identified a bioactive components of this gum resin. This plant steroid has been reported to work as an antagonist of certain nuclear receptors, especially farnesoid X receptor, which regulates bile acids and cholesterol metabolism. Guggulsterone also mediates gene expression through the regulation of transcription factors, including nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which plays important roles in the development of inflammation and tumorigenesis. Guggulsterone has been shown to downregulate the expression of proteins involved in anti-apoptotic, cell survival, cell proliferation, angiogenic, metastatic, and chemoresistant activities in tumor cells. This review aimed to clarify the cell signal pathways targeted by guggulsterone and the bioactivities of guggulsterone in animal models and humans.
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