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García-Rodríguez C, Mujica P, Illanes-González J, López A, Vargas C, Sáez JC, González-Jamett A, Ardiles ÁO. Probenecid, an Old Drug with Potential New Uses for Central Nervous System Disorders and Neuroinflammation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1516. [PMID: 37371611 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probenecid is an old uricosuric agent used in clinics to treat gout and reduce the renal excretion of antibiotics. In recent years, probenecid has gained attention due to its ability to interact with membrane proteins such as TRPV2 channels, organic anion transporters, and pannexin 1 hemichannels, which suggests new potential therapeutic utilities in medicine. Some current functions of probenecid include their use as an adjuvant to increase the bioavailability of several drugs in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Numerous studies also suggest that this drug has important neuroprotective, antiepileptic, and anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by their effect against neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In these studies, the use of probenecid as a Panx1 hemichannel blocker to reduce neuroinflammation is highlighted since neuroinflammation is a major trigger for diverse CNS alterations. Although the clinical use of probenecid has declined over the years, advances in its use in preclinical research indicate that it may be useful to improve conventional therapies in the psychiatric field where the drugs used have a low bioavailability, either because of a deficient passage through the blood-brain barrier or a high efflux from the CNS or also a high urinary clearance. This review summarizes the history, pharmacological properties, and recent research uses of probenecid and discusses its future projections as a potential pharmacological strategy to intervene in neurodegeneration as an outcome of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia García-Rodríguez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Paula Mujica
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Javiera Illanes-González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Araceli López
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Camilo Vargas
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Arlek González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
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2
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El-Maadawy WH, Hassan M, Badawy MH, AbuSeada A, Hafiz E. Probenecid induces the recovery of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via the blockade of Pannexin 1/P2X7 receptor axis. Life Sci 2022; 308:120933. [PMID: 36075473 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI/RI) is one of the main driving causes of acute kidney injury. However, effective treatment to limit injury and promote recovery and/or survival is still unavailable. Probenecid (PBN), a drug indicated for refractory gout, exhibits protective activities against several preclinical diseases including cerebral and myocardial I/RI via Pannexin 1 (Panx1) and P2X7 receptors' (P2X7R) inhibition. However, its protective role against RI/RI has not been previously addressed. Accordingly, we subjected rats to bilateral RI/RI with/or without PBN treatment. Twenty-four hours post-reperfusion, PBN showed mild tubular injury and reduced serum nephrotoxicity indices, gene and protein expression levels of Panx 1 and P2X7R, and ATP and pro-inflammatory cytokines' levels. The nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling was also downregulated, as demonstrated by reduced gene and protein expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1, along with suppressed IL-1β maturation. Furthermore, PBN enhanced Tregs activity as indicated by elevated FoxP3 gene expression, IL-10, and TGF-β renal levels. On day 5 post-reperfusion, PBN noticeably enhanced renal recovery, as demonstrated by intact tubular epithelium and restored nephrotoxicity indices, Panx 1 and P2X7R gene and protein expression levels, ATP and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Besides, renal Tregs activity was also significantly increased. Our study elaborates for the first time the effectiveness of PBN in recovering post-ischemic renal injury through synergistic inhibition in Panx1/P2X7R axis leading to inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and activation of Tregs in ischemic renal tissues. Therefore, PBN can be considered a promising drug for RI/RI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa H El-Maadawy
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Badawy
- Urology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - AbdulRahman AbuSeada
- Anesthesia Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Ehab Hafiz
- Electron Microscopy Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
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3
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Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Nrf2-Dependent Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061146. [PMID: 35740042 PMCID: PMC9219619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) encompasses a chronic, irreversible, and predominantly immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that leads to axonal degeneration, neuronal death, and several neurological symptoms. Although various immune therapies have reduced relapse rates and the severity of symptoms in relapsing-remitting MS, there is still no cure for this devastating disease. In this brief review, we discuss the role of mitochondria dysfunction in the progression of MS, focused on the possible role of Nrf2 signaling in orchestrating the impairment of critical cellular and molecular aspects such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) management, under neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. In this scenario, we propose a new potential downstream signaling of Nrf2 pathway, namely the opening of hemichannels and pannexons. These large-pore channels are known to modulate glial/neuronal function and ROS production as they are permeable to extracellular Ca2+ and release potentially harmful transmitters to the synaptic cleft. In this way, the Nrf2 dysfunction impairs not only the bioenergetics and metabolic properties of glial cells but also the proper antioxidant defense and energy supply that they provide to neurons.
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Enrich-Bengoa J, Manich G, Valente T, Sanchez-Molina P, Almolda B, Solà C, Saura J, González B, Castellano B, Perálvarez-Marín A. TRPV2: A Key Player in Myelination Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073617. [PMID: 35408977 PMCID: PMC8999035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient potential receptor vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is widely expressed through the nervous system and specifically found in neuronal subpopulations and some glial cells. TRPV2 is known to be sensitized by methionine oxidation, which results from inflammation. Here we aim to characterize the expression and regulation of TRPV2 in myelination pathologies, such as hypomyelination and demyelination. We validated the interaction between TRPV2 and its putative interactor Opalin, an oligodendrocyte marker, in mixed glial cultures under pro- and anti-inflammatory conditions. Then, we characterized TRPV2 time-course expression in experimental animal models of hypomyelination (jimpy mice) and de-/remyelination (cuprizone intoxication and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)). TRPV2 showed upregulation associated with remyelination, inflammation in cuprizone and EAE models, and downregulation in hypomyelinated jimpy mice. TRPV2 expression was altered in human samples of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Additionally, we analyzed the expression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), an enzyme that reduces oxidated methionines in TRPV2, which we found increased in inflammatory conditions. These results suggest that TRPV2 may be a key player in myelination in accordance with the recapitulation hypothesis, and that it may become an interesting clinical target in the treatment of demyelination disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Enrich-Bengoa
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; (G.M.); (T.V.); (P.S.-M.); (B.A.); (B.G.); (B.C.)
| | - Gemma Manich
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; (G.M.); (T.V.); (P.S.-M.); (B.A.); (B.G.); (B.C.)
- Medical Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tony Valente
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; (G.M.); (T.V.); (P.S.-M.); (B.A.); (B.G.); (B.C.)
- Medical Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Experimental Sciences and Methodological Department, Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula Sanchez-Molina
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; (G.M.); (T.V.); (P.S.-M.); (B.A.); (B.G.); (B.C.)
- Medical Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Almolda
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; (G.M.); (T.V.); (P.S.-M.); (B.A.); (B.G.); (B.C.)
- Medical Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carme Solà
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Berta González
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; (G.M.); (T.V.); (P.S.-M.); (B.A.); (B.G.); (B.C.)
- Medical Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bernardo Castellano
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; (G.M.); (T.V.); (P.S.-M.); (B.A.); (B.G.); (B.C.)
- Medical Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alex Perálvarez-Marín
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; (G.M.); (T.V.); (P.S.-M.); (B.A.); (B.G.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-581-4504
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5
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Flores-Muñoz C, Gómez B, Mery E, Mujica P, Gajardo I, Córdova C, Lopez-Espíndola D, Durán-Aniotz C, Hetz C, Muñoz P, Gonzalez-Jamett AM, Ardiles ÁO. Acute Pannexin 1 Blockade Mitigates Early Synaptic Plasticity Defects in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:46. [PMID: 32265655 PMCID: PMC7103637 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss induced by soluble oligomeric forms of the amyloid β peptide (sAβos) is one of the earliest events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is thought to be the major cause of the cognitive deficits. These abnormalities rely on defects in synaptic plasticity, a series of events manifested as activity-dependent modifications in synaptic structure and function. It has been reported that pannexin 1 (Panx1), a nonselective channel implicated in cell communication and intracellular signaling, modulates the induction of excitatory synaptic plasticity under physiological contexts and contributes to neuronal death under inflammatory conditions. Here, we decided to study the involvement of Panx1 in functional and structural defects observed in excitatory synapses of the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic (Tg) mice, an animal model of AD. We found an age-dependent increase in the Panx1 expression that correlates with increased Aβ levels in hippocampal tissue from Tg mice. Congruently, we also observed an exacerbated Panx1 activity upon basal conditions and in response to glutamate receptor activation. The acute inhibition of Panx1 activity with the drug probenecid (PBN) did not change neurodegenerative parameters such as amyloid deposition or astrogliosis, but it significantly reduced excitatory synaptic defects in the AD model by normalizing long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression and improving dendritic arborization and spine density in hippocampal neurons of the Tg mice. These results suggest a major contribution of Panx1 in the early mechanisms leading to the synaptopathy in AD. Indeed, PBN induced a reduction in the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a kinase widely implicated in the early neurotoxic signaling in AD. Our data strongly suggest that an enhanced expression and activation of Panx1 channels contribute to the Aβ-induced cascades leading to synaptic dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Flores-Muñoz
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Bárbara Gómez
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Elena Mery
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paula Mujica
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ivana Gajardo
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudio Córdova
- Laboratorio de Estructura y Función Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Daniela Lopez-Espíndola
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Durán-Aniotz
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Arlek M Gonzalez-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
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6
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Ortiz FC, Puebla C. Pannexin 1-based channels activity as a novel regulator of multiple sclerosis progression. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:65-66. [PMID: 31535649 PMCID: PMC6862397 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.264450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Ortiz
- Mechanisms on Myelin Formation and Repair Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Puebla
- Cellular Physiology Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Zhang Z, Lei Y, Yan C, Mei X, Jiang T, Ma Z, Wang Q. Probenecid Relieves Cerebral Dysfunction of Sepsis by Inhibiting Pannexin 1-Dependent ATP Release. Inflammation 2019; 42:1082-1092. [PMID: 30725252 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute brain dysfunction and the following neurological manifestation are common complications in septic patients, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the therapeutic strategy of this disorder remains a major challenge. Given the emerging role of a clinically approved drug, probenecid (PRB) has been recently identified as an inhibitor of pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel, which restrains extracellular ATP release-induced purinergic pathway activation and inflammatory response contributing to diverse pathological processes. In this study, we explored whether PRB administration attenuated neuroinflammatory response and cognitive impairment during sepsis. In mice suffered from cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, treatment with PRB improved memory retention and lessened behavioral deficits. This neuroprotective effect was coupled with restricted overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the hippocampus. Since this damped neuroinflammation was replicated by inhibition of ATP release, it suggested that PANX1 channel modulates a purinergic-related pathway contributing to the neurohistological damage. Therefore, we identified PRB could be a promising therapeutic approach for the therapy of cerebral dysfunction of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Chaoying Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaopeng Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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8
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Hydrogen-Rich Saline Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 Mice Via the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2019; 42:586-597. [PMID: 30343391 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that is associated with demyelination, neurodegeneration, and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) is efficacious in preventive and therapeutic applications for many disorders because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we determined the effect of HRS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is a generally accepted model of the immuno-pathogenic mechanisms underlying MS. We found that HRS reduced the severity of EAE in mice and alleviated inflammation and demyelination. Furthermore, treatment with HRS attenuated oxidative stress in EAE mice. Finally, the results of our study suggest that activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway plays a critical role in the protective effects of HRS in EAE mice.
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9
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Makarenkova HP, Shah SB, Shestopalov VI. The two faces of pannexins: new roles in inflammation and repair. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:273-288. [PMID: 29950881 PMCID: PMC6016592 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s128401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins belong to a family of ATP-release channels expressed in almost all cell types. An increasing body of literature on pannexins suggests that these channels play dual and sometimes contradictory roles, contributing to normal cell function, as well as to the pathological progression of disease. In this review, we summarize our understanding of pannexin "protective" and "harmful" functions in inflammation, regeneration and mechanical signaling. We also suggest a possible basis for pannexin's dual roles, related to extracellular ATP and K+ levels and the activation of various types of P2 receptors that are associated with pannexin. Finally, we speculate upon therapeutic strategies related to pannexin using eyes, lacrimal glands, and peripheral nerves as examples of interesting therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameer B Shah
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of California.,Research Division, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Valery I Shestopalov
- Bascom Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences.,Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Hainz N, Wolf S, Beck A, Wagenpfeil S, Tschernig T, Meier C. Probenecid arrests the progression of pronounced clinical symptoms in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17214. [PMID: 29222419 PMCID: PMC5722901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
While it has been established that Probenecid (PBN) prevents the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, it is not clear whether it has any effect on already manifest EAE. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the therapeutic effect of PBN in pronounced EAE. Mice with manifest clinical symptoms of EAE were either treated with PBN or solvent for 20 days, or they were left untreated. The clinical symptoms were monitored daily. Inflammation, demyelination and oligodendrocyte numbers were determined in the spinal cord. We were able to demonstrate that PBN not only significantly prolonged survival but also prevented the progression of clinical symptoms in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis. In addition, we were able to show that PBN reduced inflammation, T cell infiltration and oligodendrocyte cell loss. PBN was previously shown to inhibit – among other targets – pannexin channels. As pannexin channels provide conduits for ATP, are associated with the inflammasome, and act as “find me-signals” in the process of apoptosis, inhibition of pannexins via PBN might contribute to the PBN-effects observed in this study. The beneficial and therapeutic effects of PBN in the context of EAE demonstrate an intriguing link between PBN and neuroinflammation, which might foster translational interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hainz
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sandra Wolf
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Artjom Beck
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology & Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Carola Meier
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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Hainz N, Becker P, Rapp D, Wagenpfeil S, Wonnenberg B, Beisswenger C, Tschernig T, Meier C. Probenecid-treatment reduces demyelination induced by cuprizone feeding. J Chem Neuroanat 2017. [PMID: 28629631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments showed that a pannexin-1 inhibitor, probenecid, reduced clinical symptoms in the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis when applied during the initial phase of neuronal inflammation. An inflammatory component is also present in a toxically induced inflammation and demyelination using cuprizone diet. Probenecid is a pannexin-1 antagonist and a probenecid therapy was investigated. Mice were fed for 10days with a cuprizone diet. In the following, the diet was continued but combined with a daily injection of a low dose of probenecid or solvent for 10days. Electron microscopy revealed demyelination in the optic nerve. The demyelination as measured by the axonal diameter was significantly reduced in the animals treated with 100mg per kg body weight probenecid. In comparison to controls, the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was reduced in all cuprizone groups including the treatment group. In conclusion, early demyelination in the optic nerve was moderately reduced by 10days treatment with a low dose probenecid. This is a hint for the involvement of pannexin-1 modulated inflammation in cuprizone feeding induced toxic demyelination. Thus, probenecid is a candidate for the treatment of neuro-inflammation and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hainz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Philipp Becker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Daniel Rapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Bodo Wonnenberg
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Germany.
| | - Carola Meier
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Germany
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Xu J, Chen L, Li L. Pannexin hemichannels: A novel promising therapy target for oxidative stress related diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2075-2090. [PMID: 28295275 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins, which contain three subtypes: pannexin-1, -2, and -3, are vertebrate glycoproteins that form non-junctional plasma membrane intracellular hemichannels via oligomerization. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance of the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies have shown that elevated ROS levels are pivotal in the development of a variety of diseases. Recent studies indicate that the occurrence of these oxidative stress related diseases is associated with pannexin hemichannels. It is also reported that pannexins regulate the production of ROS which in turn may increase the opening of pannexin hemichannels. In this paper, we review recent researches about the important role of pannexin hemichannels in oxidative stress related diseases. Thus, pannexin hemichannels, novel therapeutic targets, hold promise in managing oxidative stress related diseases such as the tumor, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance (IR), and neural degeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
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