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Fu J, You L, Sun D, Zhang L, Zhao J, Li P. Shikonin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: A promising strategy for psoriasis treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31909. [PMID: 38845878 PMCID: PMC11153250 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammation-based skin illness marked by aggravated proliferation of epidermal cells. Shikonin is a natural naphthoquinone obtained from Arnebiae radix. It exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of shikonin limit its application. In this study, shikosin-loaded PLGA nanoparticle hydrogel was prepared and used to deliver the drug to the epidermis of psoriasis mice through local administration. The results demonstrated that shikosin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles inhibited HaCaT cell multiplication, increased drug uptake, and induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Results from Western blotting assays indicated that shikosin down-regulated the protein expressions of p65 and p-p65. Furthermore, shikonin mitigated psoriasis and decreased the concentrations of inflammation-inducing cytokines, i.e., IL17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Taken together, these results suggest that shikonin-PLGA nanoparticles loaded in hydrogel system possess promising therapeutic potential for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Longtai You
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Daohan Sun
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Jingxia Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
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2
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Song Y, Ding Q, Hao Y, Cui B, Ding C, Gao F. Pharmacological Effects of Shikonin and Its Potential in Skin Repair: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7950. [PMID: 38138440 PMCID: PMC10745356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, skin injuries have a serious impact on people's lives and socio-economic stress. Shikonin, a naphthoquinone compound derived from the root of the traditional Chinese medicine Shikonin, has favorable biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and wound-healing-promoting pharmacological activities. It has been reported that Shikonin can be used for repairing skin diseases due to its wide range of pharmacological effects. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of Shikonin can play a great role in food and can also reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in food. This paper summarizes the research on the pharmacological effects of Shikonin in recent years, as well as research on the mechanism of action of Shikonin in the treatment of certain skin diseases, to provide certain theoretical references for the clinical application of Shikonin, and also to provides research ideas for the investigation of the mechanism of action of Shikonin in other skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China;
| | - Qiteng Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Yuewen Hao
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Linjiang 134600, China; (Y.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Bing Cui
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Linjiang 134600, China; (Y.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China;
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dunhua 133700, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China;
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3
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Guo Y, Zhou M, Mu Z, Guo J, Hou Y, Xu Y, Geng L. Recent advances in shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115138. [PMID: 37454591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, the primary active compound found in the rhizome of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb known as "ZiCao", exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological effects. This drug has a wide range of uses, including as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer agent. It is also effective in promoting wound healing and treating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Although shikonin has a wide range of applications, its mechanisms are still not fully understood. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the use of shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases. The article also delves into the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of shikonin and offers insights into the inflammation and immunopathogenesis of related diseases. Overall, this article serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians working in this field. These findings not only provide significant new information on the effects and mechanisms of shikonin but also establish a foundation for the development of clinical applications in treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Mu
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Jinrong Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456N Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China.
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4
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Veras FP, Publio GA, Melo BM, Prado DS, Norbiato T, Cecilio NT, Hiroki C, Damasceno LEA, Jung R, Toller-Kawahisa JE, Martins TV, Assunção SF, Lima D, Alves MG, Vieira GV, Tavares LA, Alves-Rezende ALR, Karbach SH, Nakaya HI, Cunha TM, Souza CS, Cunha FQ, Sales KU, Waisman A, Alves-Filho JC. Pyruvate kinase M2 mediates IL-17 signaling in keratinocytes driving psoriatic skin inflammation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111897. [PMID: 36577385 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by IL-17. However, the molecular mechanism through which IL-17 signaling in keratinocytes triggers skin inflammation remains not fully understood. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a glycolytic enzyme, has been shown to have non-metabolic functions. Here, we report that PKM2 mediates IL-17A signaling in keratinocytes triggering skin psoriatic inflammation. We find high expression of PKM2 in the epidermis of psoriatic patients and mice undergoing psoriasis models. Specific depletion of PKM2 in keratinocytes attenuates the development of experimental psoriasis by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Mechanistically, PKM2 forms a complex with Act1 and TRAF6 regulating NF-κB transcriptional signaling downstream of the IL-17 receptor. As IL-17 also induces PKM2 expression in keratinocytes, our findings reveal a sustained signaling circuit critical for the psoriasis-driving effects of IL-17A, suggesting that PKM2 is a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio P Veras
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gabriel A Publio
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Melo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Douglas S Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thainá Norbiato
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nerry T Cecilio
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Hiroki
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo A Damasceno
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juliana E Toller-Kawahisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Timna V Martins
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Stella F Assunção
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diogenes Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia G Alves
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel V Vieira
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Tavares
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana L R Alves-Rezende
- Division of Dermatology, Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Susanne H Karbach
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cacilda S Souza
- Division of Dermatology, Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Katiuchia U Sales
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - José C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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5
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Zhang W, Li S, Li C, Li T, Huang Y. Remodeling tumor microenvironment with natural products to overcome drug resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051998. [PMID: 36439106 PMCID: PMC9685561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With cancer incidence rates continuing to increase and occurrence of resistance in drug treatment, there is a pressing demand to find safer and more effective anticancer strategy for cancer patients. Natural products, have the advantage of low toxicity and multiple action targets, are always used in the treatment of cancer prevention in early stage and cancer supplement in late stage. Tumor microenvironment is necessary for cancer cells to survive and progression, and immune activation is a vital means for the tumor microenvironment to eliminate cancer cells. A number of studies have found that various natural products could target and regulate immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, mast cells as well as inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Natural products tuning the tumor microenvironment via various mechanisms to activate the immune response have immeasurable potential for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, it highlights the research findings related to natural products regulating immune responses against cancer, especially reveals the possibility of utilizing natural products to remodel the tumor microenvironment to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shubo Li
- Liaoning Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunting Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianye Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Shohag S, Ahmed L, Supti FA, Rauf A, Aljohani AM, Al Abdulmonem W, Khalil AA, Sharma R, Thiruvengadam M. Naphthoquinones and derivatives as potential anticancer agents: An updated review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110198. [PMID: 36179774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
One of the leading global causes of death is cancer; even though several treatment methods have improved survival rates, the incidence and fatality rates remain high. Naphthoquinones are a type of quinone that is found in nature and has vital biological roles. These chemicals have anticancer (antineoplastic), analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antifungal, antiviral, antitrypanosomal, antischistosomal, leishmanicidal, and anti-ulcerative effects. Direct addition of a substituent group to the 1,4-naphthoquinone ring can alter the naphthoquinone's oxidation/reduction and acid/base characteristics, and the activity can be altered. Because of their pharmacological properties, such as anticancer activity and probable therapeutic application, naphthoquinones have greatly interested the scientific community. Some chemicals having a quinone ring in malignant cells have been found to have antiproliferative effects. Naphthoquinones' deadly impact is connected with the inhibition of electron transporters, the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, the creation of ROS, and the formation of protein adducts, notably with -SH enzyme groups. This review article aims to discuss naphthoquinones and their derivatives, which act against cancer and their future perspectives. This review covers several studies highlighting the potent anticancer properties of naphthoquinones. Further, various proposed mechanisms of anticancer actions of naphthoquinones have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Shohag
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Earth and Ocean Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Mirpur 12, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Limon Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Akter Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - AbdullahS M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore-Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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Tian HM, Fang MH, Zou J, Su L. Shikonin impairs T lymphocyte proliferation and thymopoiesis while it may increase myeloid-derived suppressor cells to alleviate immune responses. Transpl Immunol 2022; 75:101699. [PMID: 35988896 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin (SHK) has multifaceted physiological functions, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Recently, SHK has been shown to affect immune responses; however, its detailed immune modulatory function in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that SHK not only inhibited T cell proliferation in vitro, but also intensively inhibited thymopoiesis and eliminated CD4/CD8 double-positive thymic progenitor cells in vivo. Treatment of mice with SHK resulted in immune profile alterations, which promoted myelosis in the bone marrow and increased inhibitory immune cells in central immune organs. A decrease in T cells and B cells was observed in the spleen. Using a murine allogenic skin transplantation model, we revealed that short-term treatment of recipients with SHK significantly inhibited skin graft rejection, in which the levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were markedly increased. Taken together, our study suggests that SHK can efficiently eliminate proliferating T cells and inhibit thymopoiesis while promoting the generation of MDSC, indicating its potential role in alleviating immune responses in allogeneic organ/cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Tian
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University; Changchun, 130061, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ming-Hui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University; Changchun, 130061, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University; Changchun, 130061, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Long Su
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University; Changchun, 130061, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130061, China; Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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8
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The immunoregulatory effects of natural products on psoriasis via its action on Th17 cells versus regulatory T cells balance. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109032. [PMID: 35810491 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an incurable, chronic inflammatory disease, which brings a substantial burden on individuals and society. Currently, the treatment of psoriasis has entered the era of biologics, but its highly targeting of inflammatory mediators may enable the immune response to circumvent the blockade, leading to disease recurrence, or other clinical and immunological characteristics. Therefore, the discovery of new therapies that have the ability of multidirectional regulation on immunity and maintain the dynamic balance of immunity in psoriasis, may be the key to the treatment of the disease. Natural products extracted from herbal medicines have synergistic effects to alleviate psoriasis and its comorbidities because of their structural diversity and multiple active mechanisms. To date, the characteristics of natural products regulating T helper 17 (Th17) cells/regulatory T (Treg) cells balance in the treatment of psoriasis have attracted more and more attention from basic and clinical studies. In this review, we systematically introduced the natural products regulating the balance of Th17/Treg and their specific mechanism of action, finding Datura metel L, Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), Thymol, Kaempferol, Aloperine, Abietic acid (AA), Isogarcinol, Luteolin reduced the frequency and function of Th17 cells and simultaneously increased that of Treg cells. It is expected that our work can provide a reference for clinicians in drug use.
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9
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Wang J, Liu L, Sun XY, Zhang S, Zhou YQ, Ze K, Chen ST, Lu Y, Cai XC, Chen JL, Luo Y, Ru Y, Li B, Li X. Evidence and Potential Mechanism of Action of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Its Active Components for Psoriasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:781850. [PMID: 35620294 PMCID: PMC9128614 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.781850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine is effective in the treatment of psoriasis and can significantly reduce skin inflammation and psoriatic lesions with minimal side effects. Shikonin (SHI) and β,β-dimethylacryloyl alkannin (DMA), the main active components of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, have strong anti-inflammatory effects. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and its main active components and to elucidate the potential mechanisms of their action in psoriasis treatment. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals, Wan Fang, and Chinese Biomedicine databases were systematically searched for articles published between 1 January 1970, and 31 February 2021. We included clinical and preclinical studies that examined the effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and its active components on psoriasis. All data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. The Cochrane and SYRCLE’s risk-of-bias tools were used to assess the quality of all studies. Results: Eleven clinical trials including 1024 participants and 23 preclinical studies were assessed. Meta-analysis showed that when treating patients with psoriasis, the Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formulas with Lithospermum erythrorhizon as the sovereign herb can significantly improve psoriatic dermatitis, which can significantly reduce the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score (mean difference [MD] = -2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-3.19, -0.80], p = 0.001; I2 = 85%). The incidence rates of diarrhea (risk ratio = 0.21, 95% CI [0.06, 0.81], p = 0.02) were higher in the CHM formulas group than in the control group, whereas other adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). We evaluated the PASI score of mice on day 7 and found that SHI and DMA also alleviated psoriatic lesions (MD = -3.36, 95% CI [-4.67, -2.05], p < 0.00001, I2 = 94%). Furthermore, the epidermal thickness decreased more after SHI or DMA treatment than in the control group (MD = -34.42, 95%CI [-41.25, -27.59], p < 0.00001, I2 = 93%). Based on preclinical studies, we also summarized and mapped the mechanisms of SHI and DMA in the treatment of psoriasis. Conclusion: Available findings demonstrated that Lithospermum erythrorhizon combined with other conventional treatments is useful in treating psoriasis. Preclinical evidence has shown that the active components of Lithospermum erythrorhizon exhibit a potential anti-inflammatory effect, promote keratinocyte apoptosis, inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and angiogenesis, and block the cell cycle. In summary, our findings suggest that Lithospermum erythrorhizon and its active components can be used to treat psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Ze
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Ting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ce Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Le Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li, ; Bin Li,
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li, ; Bin Li,
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10
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Tao T, Chen Y, Lai B, Wang J, Wang W, Xiao W, Cha X. Shikonin combined with methotrexate regulate macrophage polarization to treat psoriasis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11146-11155. [PMID: 35485255 PMCID: PMC9208513 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether shikonin combined with methotrexate could inhibit psoriasis progression by regulating the polarization of macrophages through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Imiquimod was administrated to the exposed skin of BALB/c mice, and shikonin and methotrexate suspension were also given by gavage. The erythema, scales and thickness were scored for mice lesions in each group, and the total score was obtained by adding the above three scores, and calculated as psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. The skin lesion tissue from mice was isolated and used for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry assay. Drug-containing serum was prepared and administrated into mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, followed by simulation of LPS. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in cell supernatant were assessed using ELISA Kits and real-time PCR. In imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice, shikonin combined with methotrexate exerted protective effects by reducing erythema and PASI scores, decreasing backer score and epidermal thickness, and particularly regulating macrophage polarization. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, shikonin combined with methotrexate regulated M1/M2 polarization and altered the levels of M1 markers. Shikonin combined with methotrexate inhibit psoriasis progression by regulating the polarization of macrophages, which may be useful in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Tao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The First Clinical Academy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Dermatology, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The First Clinical Academy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Dermatology, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bochen Lai
- The Second Clinical Academy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The First Clinical Academy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Weimian Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Qingyuan Skin Disease Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xushan Cha
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Mu Z, Guo J, Zhang D, Xu Y, Zhou M, Guo Y, Hou Y, Gao X, Han X, Geng L. Therapeutic Effects of Shikonin on Skin Diseases: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 49:1871-1895. [PMID: 34961421 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is one of the primary active components extracted from the dried root ofZicao (Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Onosma paniculata, or Arnebia euchroma), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Shikonin is known to not only exert anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities, but also play a crucial role in triggering the production of reactive oxygen species, suppressing the release of exosomes, and inducing apoptosis. Increasing evidence suggests that shikonin has a protective effect against skin diseases, including psoriasis, melanoma, and hypertrophic scars. In order to evaluate the application potential of shikonin in the treatment of skin diseases, this review is the first of its kind to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding the uses of shikonin and its derivatives on skin diseases and its underlying mechanisms. In this review, we have focused on the signaling pathways and cellular targets involved in the anti-dermatosis effects of shikonin to bridge the gaps in the literature, thereby providing scientific support for the research and development of new drugs from a traditional medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Mu
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36N, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Guo
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456N, Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, 123N, Yixian Road, Torch Zone, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Guo
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Han
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36N, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
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12
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Shen XB, Wang Y, Han XZ, Sheng LQ, Wu FF, Liu X. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of naphthoquinone derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:773-785. [PMID: 32200656 PMCID: PMC7144209 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1740693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Basis on molecular docking and pharmacophore analysis of naphthoquinone moiety, a total of 23 compounds were designed and synthesised. With the help of reverse targets searching, anti-cancer activity was preliminarily evaluated, most of them are effective against some tumour cells, especially compound 12: 1-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl-4-oxo-4-((4-phenoxyphenyl)amino) butanoate whose IC50 against SGC-7901 was 4.1 ± 2.6 μM. Meanwhile the anticancer mechanism of compound 12 had been investigated by AnnexinV/PI staining, immunofluorescence, Western blot assay and molecular docking. The results indicated that this compound might induce cell apoptosis and cell autophagy through regulating the PI3K signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bao Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xuan-Zhen Han
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, PR China
| | - Liang-Quan Sheng
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, PR China
| | - Fu-Fang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, PR China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
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13
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Dai D, Wu H, He C, Wang X, Luo Y, Song P. Evidence and potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:671-681. [PMID: 32610023 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1789048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Dermatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Dermatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing China
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14
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Circulating CD14 +HLA-DR -/low Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Potential Biomarkers for the Identification of Psoriasis TCM Blood-Heat Syndrome and Blood-Stasis Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4582459. [PMID: 32382290 PMCID: PMC7180989 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4582459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease. Identification of the biomarkers responsible for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes of psoriasis can help researchers recognize the different aspects of psoriasis and find novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of psoriasis. The current study investigated the levels of circulating Mo-MDSCs and Mo-MDSC-associated immune factors in the peripheral blood of psoriasis patients with different TCM syndromes. We found that the frequency of Mo-MDSCs (CD14+HLA-DR−/low cells) among CD14+ cells from plaque psoriasis patients with blood-stasis (BS) syndrome was significantly increased when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001) and blood-heat (BH) syndrome group (p < 0.001), respectively. However, serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, iNOS, Arg-1, and NO concentration showed no statistically significant difference between healthy controls and psoriasis patients as well as no significant difference between the BH and BS syndrome groups. Compared with healthy controls, the mRNA expression of Arg-1, TNF-α, ROR-γ, and PD-L1 was increased, while the mRNA expression of PD-1 and IL-10 was decreased in PBMCs from psoriasis patients. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TNF-α and FOXP3 in PBMCs showed a pronounced statistical difference between the psoriatic BH syndrome group and the BS syndrome group. Therefore, we provide evidence that the percentage of CD14+HLA-DR−/low MDSC/ CD14+ cells and TNF-α and Foxp3 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs are potential biomarkers for distinguishing TCM BH syndrome and BS syndrome.
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15
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The imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells induced by perinatal bisphenol A exposure is associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in male offspring mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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