Resveratrol Ameliorates Deep Vein Thrombosis-Induced Inflammatory Response Through Inhibiting HIF-1α/NLRP3 Pathway

miR-483-5p-Containing exosomes treatment ameliorated deep vein thrombosis‑induced inflammatory response

Peripheral vascular condition, known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a common ailment that may lead to deadly pulmonary embolism. Inflammation is closely connected to venous thrombosis, which results in blood stasis, leading to ischemia and hypoxia, as indicated by research. The objective of this research was to investigate the mechanism by which exosomes derived from adipose stem cells (ADSCs) prevent deep vein thrombosis. Our data showed that Exo-483 effectively reduced the thrombus weight in DVT rats by intravenous injection. Exo-483 decreased the expression of tissue factor (TF) protein, the influx of inflammatory cells into the thrombosed vein wall, and the levels of cytokines in the serum. Furthermore, Exo-483 suppressed the expression of Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes. In an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model, the tube-forming and migratory abilities of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and EA.hy926 cells were suppressed by Exo-483 pretreatment.Exo-483 is also linked to regulating Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) production downstream of MAPK1.By decreasing the mitochondrial localization and phosphorylation at the S616 site of DRP1, it diminishes the expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Moreover, according to Bioinformatics analysis, miR-483-5p was anticipated to target MAPK1. The research conducted by our team revealed that the miR-483-5p exosome derived from ADSCs exhibited anti-inflammatory properties through the modulation of downstream DRP1-NLRP3 expression by targeting MAPK1.The findings of this research propose that miR-483-5p may be regarded as an innovative treatment target for DVT.

Resveratrol as sensitizer in colorectal cancer plasticity

Despite tremendous medical treatment successes, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy as monotherapy can lead to significant side effects and chemoresistance that can be linked to several resistance-activating biological processes, including an increase in inflammation, cellular plasticity, multidrug resistance (MDR), inhibition of the sentinel gene p53, and apoptosis. As a consequence, tumor cells can escape the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. This underscores the need for cross-target therapeutic approaches that are not only pharmacologically safe but also modulate multiple potent signaling pathways and sensitize cancer cells to overcome resistance to standard drugs. In recent years, scientists have been searching for natural compounds that can be used as chemosensitizers in addition to conventional medications for the synergistic treatment of CRC. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin found in various fruits and vegetables such as peanuts, berries, and red grapes, is one of the most effective natural chemopreventive agents. Abundant in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that resveratrol, in interaction with standard drugs, is an effective chemosensitizer for CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents and thus prevents drug resistance by modulating multiple pathways, including transcription factors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-plasticity, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The ability of resveratrol to modify multiple subcellular pathways that may suppress cancer cell plasticity and reversal of chemoresistance are critical parameters for understanding its anti-cancer effects. In this review, we focus on the chemosensitizing properties of resveratrol in CRC and, thus, its potential importance as an additive to ongoing treatments.

NLRP3-Induced NETosis: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Thrombotic Diseases?

Ischemic thrombotic disease, characterized by the formation of obstructive blood clots within arteries or veins, is a condition associated with life-threatening events, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The conventional therapeutic strategy relies on treatments with anticoagulants that unfortunately pose an inherent risk of bleeding complications. These anticoagulants primarily target clotting factors, often overlooking upstream events, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils are integral components of the innate immune system, traditionally known for their role in combating pathogens through NET formation. Emerging evidence has now revealed that NETs contribute to a prothrombotic milieu by promoting platelet activation, increasing thrombin generation, and providing a scaffold for clot formation. Additionally, NET components enhance clot stability and resistance to fibrinolysis. Clinical and preclinical studies have underscored the mechanistic involvement of NETs in the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications, since the clots obtained from patients and experimental models consistently exhibit the presence of NETs. Given these insights, the inhibition of NETs or NET formation is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic thrombotic diseases. Recent investigations also implicate a role for the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a mediator of NETosis and thrombosis, suggesting that NLRP3 inhibition may also hold potential for mitigating thrombotic events. Therefore, future preclinical and clinical studies aimed at identifying and validating NLRP3 inhibition as a novel therapeutic intervention for thrombotic disorders are imperative.

MiRNAs and Their Role in Venous Thromboembolic Complications

Venous thromboembolic complications (VTCs), which include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), have remained a pressing problem in modern clinical medicine for a long time. Despite the already wide arsenal of modern methods for diagnosing and treating this disease, VTCs rank third in the structure of causes of death among all cardiovascular diseases, behind myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke (IS). Numerous studies have confirmed the importance of understanding the molecular processes of VTCs for effective therapy and diagnosis. Significant progress has been made in VTC research in recent years, where the relative contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the mechanism of thrombus formation and their consideration as therapeutic targets have been well studied. In this case, accurate, timely, and as early as possible diagnosis of VTCs is of particular importance, which will help improve both short-term and long-term prognoses of patients. This case accounts for the already well-studied circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers. This study presents currently available literature data on the role of miRNAs in VTCs, revealing their potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic and prognostic tools for this terrible disease.

Long non-coding RNA crnde promotes deep vein thrombosis by sequestering miR-181a-5p away from thrombogenic Pcyox1l

BACKGROUND

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an interplay of genetic and acquired risk factors, where functional interactions in lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks contribute to disease pathogenesis. Based on the high-throughput transcriptome sequencing prediction, we have assessed the contribution of lncRNA Crnde/miR-181a-5p/Pcyox1l axis to thrombus formation.

METHODS

DVT was modeled in mice by inferior vena cava stenosis, and inferior vena cava tissues were harvested for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. The key miRNA binding to Crnde and Pcyox1l was obtained through searching the RNAInter and mirWalk databases. The binding affinity between Crnde, miR-181a-5p, and Pcyox1l was examined by FISH, dual luciferase reporter gene, RNA pull-down, and RIP assays. Functional experiments were conducted in DVT mouse models to assess thrombus formation and inflammatory injury in inferior vena cava.

RESULTS

It was noted that Crnde and Pcyox1l were upregulated in the blood of DVT mice. Crnde competitively bound to miR-181a-5p and inhibited miR-181a-5p expression, and Pcyox1l was the downstream target gene of miR-181a-5p. Silencing of Crnde or restoration of miR-181a-5p reduced inflammatory injury in the inferior vena cava, thus curtailing thrombus formation in mice. Ectopic expression of Pcyox1l counterweighed the inhibitory effect of Crnde silencing.

CONCLUSIONS

Therefore, Crnde sequesters miR-181a-5p to release Pcyox1l expression via ceRNA mechanism, thus aggravating thrombus formation in DVT.