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Wang D, Wang Y, Ma H, Zhao S. The effect of health literacy on health investment intention: a cross-sectional study among petrochemical employees in China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1358269. [PMID: 38975355 PMCID: PMC11224481 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1358269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds In the petrochemical industry, employees are exposed to various health hazards, which pose serious challenges to their health and hinder the sustainable development of the petrochemical industry. Investing in health has proved a potential strategy to enhance general health. However, global health investment is notably insufficient, mainly due to the public's limited intention to invest in their health. While past research has identified various determinants of health investment intentions, the relationship between health literacy and health investment intention remains somewhat controversial and needs more empirical validation. Objectives This study aims to assess the level of health literacy and health investment intention among employees in one of China's largest petrochemical companies and to explore the effect of health literacy on health investment intention. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical company. The valid sample size for this study was 39,911 respondents. Data were collected using a designed questionnaire, including socio-demographic information, questions about health investment intention, and the "2020 National Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire." Several statistical analysis methods were employed, including descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, logistic regression, and multiple linear regression. Results The study disclosed an average health literacy score of 56.11 (SD = 10.34) among employees, with 52.1% surpassing the qualification threshold. The "Chronic Disease" dimension exhibited the lowest qualification rate at 33.0%. Furthermore, 71.5% of the employees expressed an intention to invest in health, yet a significant portion (34.5%) opted for the minimal investment choice, less than 2,000 RMB. Logistic regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between health literacy and health investment intention (OR = 1.474; p < 0.001). This association's robustness was further indicated by multiple linear regression analyses (β = 0.086, p<0.001). Conclusion The employees' health literacy significantly exceeds the national average for Chinese citizens, yet the qualified rate in the "Chronic Disease" dimension remains notably low. A majority of employees have the intention to invest in health, albeit modestly. Furthermore, while health literacy does positively influence health investment intention, this effect is somewhat limited. Accordingly, personalized Health education should be prioritized, with a focus on improving chronic disease knowledge and facilitating the internalization of health knowledge into health beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Wang
- School of Administration, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huifen Ma
- School of Medical Management, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shichao Zhao
- School of Administration, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Hendy LE, Spees LP, Tak C, Carpenter DM, Thomas KC, Roberts MC. An evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of population genetic screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in US patients. Atherosclerosis 2024; 393:117541. [PMID: 38677159 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial hypercholesterolemia is an underdiagnosed genetic metabolic condition limiting the clearance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increasing lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease. Population genetic screening in unselected individuals could quickly identify cases of familial hypercholesterolemia and enable early prevention, but the economic impact of widespread screening on patients has not been studied. METHODS We assessed the cost-effectiveness of population genetic screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in 20 and 35-year-old adults in the United States from the perspective of patients. We developed a decision tree Markov hybrid model to examine diagnoses, cardiovascular disease, cardiac events, quality of life, and costs under population genetic screening compared to family-based cascade testing. RESULTS While population genetic screening increased diagnoses and reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease, population genetic screening was not cost-effective compared to cascade testing at current levels of willingness to pay. Lower genetic testing costs, combined screening with other genetic conditions, and support to maintain lipid-lowering therapy use over time could improve the cost-effectiveness of population genetic screening. CONCLUSIONS Future research is needed to examine how cost-sharing strategies may affect the cost-effectiveness of screening to patients and how families and providers experience the clinical and economic outcomes of population screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Hendy
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, USA.
| | - Lisa P Spees
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, USA
| | - Casey Tak
- University of Utah, College of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Delesha M Carpenter
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Kathleen C Thomas
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Megan C Roberts
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, USA
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Ben-Aharon O, Sergienko R, Iskrov G, Greenberg D. Willingness to pay for an mRNA-based anti-cancer treatment: results from a contingent valuation study in Israel. Isr J Health Policy Res 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38374060 PMCID: PMC10875764 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-024-00594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND mRNA technology is currently being investigated for a range of oncology indications. We assessed the willingness to pay (WTP) of the general population in Israel for a hypothetical novel mRNA-based treatment for oncology indications. METHODS We used a contingent valuation methodology to elicit WTP using a web-based questionnaire. A sample of adult participants were presented with a hypothetical scenario in which an mRNA-based intervention increased the likelihood of a cure for various cancer types from 20% to 40% (half of the sample), or 60% (the other half of the sample). RESULTS 531 respondents completed the questionnaire. The mean, median and mode WTP for the proposed hypothetical treatment in both scenarios were ILS65,000 (± ILS114,000), ILS20,000 and ILS50,000, respectively (1USD = 3.4ILS). The WTP was skewed towards zero, and 9.6% of the respondents were not willing to pay any amount. WTP higher amounts was significantly associated with higher income (p < 0.01), self-reported good health (p < 0.05), supplementary health insurance (p < 0.05), Jews compared to other populations (p < 0.01), interest in technology (p < 0.001) and a tendency to adopt medical innovations (p < 0.001). No statistical difference between the 40% vs. the 60% potential cure scenarios was found. Logistic and OLS regressions indicated that age, religion, income, and interest in adopting medical innovations were the best predictors of respondents' WTP. CONCLUSION Despite the scientific breakthroughs in oncology treatment over the last few decades, many types of cancer are still incurable. Given the expected development of innovative mRNA-based treatments for cancer, these results should inform policymakers, the pharmaceutical industry and other stakeholders on the future coverage and reimbursement of these technologies incorporating patients' and societal views. To date, WTP considerations have not been given much weight in prioritization of drug reimbursement processes, neither in Israel nor in other countries. As a pioneer in adoption of the mRNA technology, Israel can also lead the incorporation of WTP considerations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Ben-Aharon
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
| | - Ruslan Sergienko
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Georgi Iskrov
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dan Greenberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Ben-Aharon O, Iskrov G, Sagy I, Greenberg D. Willingness to pay for cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment: a systematic review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2023; 23:281-295. [PMID: 36635646 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2167713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Willingness to pay (WTP) studies examine the maximum amount of money an individual is willing to pay for a specified health intervention, and can be used to inform coverage and reimbursement decisions. Our objectives were to assess how people value cancer-related interventions, identify differences in the methodologies used, and review the trends in studies' publication. AREAS COVERED We extracted PubMed and EconLit articles published in 1997-2020 that reported WTP for cancer-related interventions, characterized the methodological differences and summarized each intervention's mean and median WTP values. We reviewed 1,331 abstracts and identified 103 relevant WTP studies, of which 37 (36%) focused on treatment followed by screening (26), prevention (21), diagnosis (7) and other interventions (12). The methods used to determine WTP values were primarily discrete-choice questions (n = 54, 52%), bidding games (15), payment cards (12) and open-ended questions (12). We found a wide variation in WTP reported values ranged from below $100 to over $20,000. EXPERT OPINION The WTP literature on oncology interventions has grown rapidly. There is considerable heterogeneity with respect to the type of interventions and diseases assessed, the respondents' characteristics, and the study methodologies. This points to the need to establish international guidelines for best practices in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Ben-Aharon
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Georgi Iskrov
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iftach Sagy
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Dan Greenberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Roy Chowdhury S, Bohara AK. Preferences of cancer patients as a guide to cancer prevention: a retrospective willingness to pay study in Nepal. Public Health 2023; 214:42-49. [PMID: 36495725 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In developing countries, like Nepal, with no population-based cancer registry and low level of awareness, it is difficult to communicate the significance of cancer preventative measures to the general population. Only patients, who have faced or facing the economic and mental burden of cancer, can better understand the importance of early diagnosis. This led us to study the retrospective preference of cancer patients in valuing an annual comprehensive cancer screening program in Nepal. STUDY DESIGN This is a primary survey-based study of 600 diagnosed cancer patients (aged 18+ years) randomly sampled from five hospitals of Nepal during December 2015-February 2016. METHODS Using the contingent valuation estimation methods, we modelled patients' willingness to pay (WTP) for early cancer screening through the Structural Equation Modelling framework. RESULTS About 59% of our sampled patients did not receive education and 65% earned below $100/month. Among other findings, we saw that the Risk of re-occurrence impacted WTP through two opposing channels. The direct effect of Risk of re-occurrence on WTP was positive (β = 0.20; p < 0.05), but higher the risk of cancer relapses, the higher was the Pessimism among patients, which indirectly impacted WTP negatively (β = -0.16; p < 0.1). In addition, we found the effect of Income on WTP to be positive (β = 0.15; p < 0.05), whereas, one belonging to the backward Dalit section of the society had lower WTP for screening. CONCLUSION Cancer patients value the importance of early diagnosis with multiple psychosocial factors impacting this preference. This direct account of patients could be used as evidence in policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A K Bohara
- Department of Economics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
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Steigenberger C, Flatscher-Thoeni M, Siebert U, Leiter AM. Determinants of willingness to pay for health services: a systematic review of contingent valuation studies. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2022; 23:1455-1482. [PMID: 35166973 PMCID: PMC8853086 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stated preference studies are a valuable tool to elicit respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for goods or services, especially in situations where no market valuation exists. Contingent valuation (CV) is a widely used approach among stated-preference techniques for eliciting WTP if prices do not exist or do not reflect actual costs, for example, when services are covered by insurance. This review aimed to provide an overview of relevant factors determining WTP for health services to support variable selection. METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature search and review of CV studies assessing determinants of WTP for health services was conducted, including 11 electronic databases. Two of the authors made independent decisions on the eligibility of studies. We extracted all determinants used and related p values for the effect sizes (e.g. reported in regression models with WTP for a health service as outcome variable). Determinants were summarised in systematic evidence tables and structured by thematic domains. RESULTS We identified 2082 publications, of which 202 full texts were checked for eligibility. We included 62 publications on 61 studies in the review. Across all studies, we identified 22 WTP determinants and other factors from 5 thematic domains: sociodemographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, and other information. CONCLUSION Our review provides evidence on 22 relevant determinants of WTP for health services, which may be used for variable selection and as guidance for planning CV surveys. Endogeneity should be carefully considered before interpreting these determinants as causal factors and potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Steigenberger
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
| | - Magdalena Flatscher-Thoeni
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Uwe Siebert
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
- Division of Health Technology Assessment, ONCOTYROL, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Health Decision Science, Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea M Leiter
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Evaluating the Social Cost of Conflict between New Media and Society: The Case of Gaming Disorder in South Korea. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13148106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the introduction of a new media in mass market caused a strong conflict starting from the nineteenth century popular literature, comics, rock music and film. Interestingly, these conflicts have shown similar and repeated patterns, which is now called media panic and moral regulation, and games are following this pattern. In 2019, Gaming disorder (GD) was decided to be included in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and similar conflicts on games arenow expected. However, the social cost and damage have not been fully addressed until now. Thus, this study focuses on the estimation of the social cost induced by GD for policy design and decisions in the public healthcare of South Korea. Using the contingent valuation method, a popular valuation method in econometrics for non-market goods, this study has tried to estimate the social cost induced by the introduction of GD into the public healthcare practice. Focusing on a false positive problem in the diagnosis, this study estimates that the willingness to pay for GD diagnosis for children is about KRW 152 K (USD 135). Considering the difference between the prevalence of GD (1.9%) and GD suspicion rate of children in the respondents (12.54%), the excessive medical diagnosis cost due to the false positive problem is estimated to KRW 101 billion (USD 89.6 M), which is about four times more than the annual medical cost for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) treatment in South Korea. Thus, strong scientific proof and a cautious policy approach on GD are needed before the inclusion of GD in the public health practice.
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Chaikumbung M. Democracy, Culture and Cancer Patients' Willingness to Pay for Healthcare Services: A Meta-analysis. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2021; 58:469580211024894. [PMID: 34253073 PMCID: PMC8280846 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211024894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally and expenditure associated with cancer is quite high. Efficient resource allocation needs information on economic evaluations of healthcare interventions. The purposes of the study are to provide a comprehensive overview of cancer patients’ willingness to pay (WTP) for healthcare services and to investigate the influence of democracies, culture dimensions, and other factors on WTP. A meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify all studies of stated preference approach to estimate cancer patients’ WTP healthcare services. A set of criteria was constructed for selecting relevant studies. A total of 79 studies were related to selection criteria and held sufficient information for the purposes of meta-analysis. A total of 393 estimates of WTP from 79 healthcare valuation studies were pooled to identify the links between WTP and influential factors. The findings suggest that values of benefits in healthcare services are higher in more democratic nations, but they are lower in cultural traits that are stronger indulgence and uncertainty avoidance. Further, the types of cancer matter. Compared to breast cancer, WTP is higher for skin cancer, yet lower for liver cancer and lymphoma. A higher national income and public health expenditure increase WTP for healthcare services, while a higher death rate by cancer leads to lower values of healthcare benefits.
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Kavosi Z, Jafari A, Keshtkaran V, Pourahmadi E. Estimating Willingness to Pay for an Improved Service Delivery to Patients Referring Namazi Hospital Chemical
Therapy Ward in Iran Using Contingent Valuation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1817-1823. [PMID: 30049193 PMCID: PMC6165632 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to estimate patients’ willingness to pay (WTP) for improving the quality of non-medical aspect in Namazi hospital patients chemotherapy an assessment using the contingent valuation method (CVM). Patients and Methods This was an applied, cross-sectional and analytical-descriptive study carried out in Iran, Shiraz in 2013. A sample of 185 patients was determined using random sampling. Multiple choice questions and follow-up open-ended questions were employed to elicit patients’ WTP. The question asked patients would have to pay for this improving their own pocket. linear regression were used to Econometrically estimate the maximum WTP using STATA 11 software. Results The results of this study indicated that 31% were male and 69% were female and the adjusted mean WTP was PPPUS$15 for pat maximum amount of willing to pay was for to get the same quality service in own city respondents (PPPUS$16) and minimum amount of willing to pay was to get advice of experienced nurse(PPPUS$10) Patients were willing to pay more if their satisfaction with two attributes of care were increased. The cancer type and income taking care of you are significant factors influencing a patient’s WTP. Conclusions In the worst socio-economic conditions of the people were willing to pay to improve the reducing wait times in receiving a drug and get the same quality service in own city respondents. In Future efforts Health policymakers should consider the ability to pay when making their decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kavosi
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Understanding how prostate cancer patients value the current treatment options for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:240.e13-240.e20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Puteh SEW, Ahmad SNA, Aizuddin AN, Zainal R, Ismail R. Patients' willingness to pay for their drugs in primary care clinics in an urbanized setting in Malaysia: a guide on drug charges implementation. ASIA PACIFIC FAMILY MEDICINE 2017; 16:5. [PMID: 28392749 PMCID: PMC5379617 DOI: 10.1186/s12930-017-0035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaysia is an upper middle income country that provides subsidized healthcare to ensure universal coverage to its citizens. The challenge of escalating health care cost occurs in most countries, including Malaysia due to increase in disease prevalence, which induced an escalation in drug expenditure. In 2009, the Ministry of Health has allocated up to Malaysian Ringgit (MYR) 1.402 billion (approximately USD 390 million) on subsidised drugs. This study was conducted to measure patients' willingness to pay (WTP) for treatment of chronic condition or acute illnesses, in an urbanized population. METHODS A cross-sectional study, through face-to-face interview was conducted in an urban state in 2012-2013. Systematic random sampling of 324 patients was selected from a list of patients attending ten public primary cares with Family Medicine Specialist service. Patients were asked using a bidding technique of maximum amount (in MYR) if they are WTP for chronic or acute illnesses. RESULTS Patients are mostly young, female, of lower education and lower income. A total of 234 respondents (72.2%) were not willing to pay for drug charges. WTP for drugs either for chronic or acute illness were at low at median of MYR10 per visit (USD 3.8). Bivariate analysis showed that lower numbers of dependent children (≤3), higher personal and household income are associated with WTP. Multivariate analysis showed only number of dependent children (≤3) as significant (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.27-5.44) predictor to drugs' WTP. CONCLUSION The result indicates that primary care patients have low WTP for drugs, either for chronic condition or acute illness. Citizens are comfortable in the comfort zone whereby health services are highly subsidized through universal coverage. Hence, there is a resistance to pay for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurul Akma Ahmad
- Health Administration, Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Azimatun Noor Aizuddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramli Zainal
- Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hazar N, Karbakhsh M, Yunesian M, Nedjat S, Naddafi K. Perceived risk of exposure to indoor residential radon and its relationship to willingness to test among health care providers in Tehran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2014; 12:118. [PMID: 25426296 PMCID: PMC4243733 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-014-0118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radon exposure is the second cause of lung cancer after exposure to tobacco smoke and the first cause in nonsmokers. The purpose of this study was to assess perceived risk of exposure to indoor residential radon among health care providers in urban and rural health centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. METHOD In 2012-2013, a survey was carried out on 462 health care providers to assess their awareness and risk perception about exposure to indoor residential radon. Only subjects who had previously heard about radon were asked to answer knowledge-based and risk perception questions and report source of knowledge, willingness to test and willingness to pay for radon test kits. RESULTS About 67% of responders had heard about radon before this study and of these, 83.5 % recognized it as being hazardous and 34.5 % identified lung cancer as the main health outcome of exposure to radon. Overall, 33% of 310 subjects had knowledgeable awareness. Seventy percent of responders who had previously heard about radon, had high perceived risk and they were more willing to test their houses and more willing to pay for radon test kits. CONCLUSION Having knowledge about radon and perceiving it as a risk had a significant association with willing to take relevant health related behaviors. Furthermore, risk perception contributes to willing to spend more money when health is a concern. Education of health care providers seems to be a pre-requisite to public campaigns on radon awareness and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Hazar
- />Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Karbakhsh
- />Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- />Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- />Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, knowledge utilization research center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- />Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Basu R. Willingness-to-pay to prevent Alzheimer's disease: a contingent valuation approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 13:233-45. [PMID: 23996130 DOI: 10.1007/s10754-013-9129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases, the need to develop effective and well-tolerated pharmacotherapies for the prevention of AD is becoming increasingly important. Understanding determinants and magnitudes of individuals' preferences for AD prevention programs is important while estimating the benefits of any new pharmacological intervention that targets the prevention of the disease. This paper applied contingent valuation, a method frequently used for economic valuation of goods or services not transacted in the markets, to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) to prevent AD based on the nationally representative Health and Retirement Survey data. The WTP was associated in predictable ways with respondent characteristics. The mean estimated WTP for preventing AD is $155 per month (95 % CI $153-$157) based on interval regression. On average, a higher WTP for the prescription drug for AD prevention was reported by respondents with higher perceived risks, and greater household wealth. The findings provide useful information about determinants and the magnitude of individuals' preferences for AD prevention drugs for healthcare payers and individual families while making decisions to prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmita Basu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, 2401 South 31st Street, Brindley Circle, 5th Floor, Temple, TX, 76508, USA,
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Li C, Zeliadt SB, Hall IJ, Smith JL, Ekwueme DU, Moinpour CM, Penson DF, Thompson IM, Keane TE, Ramsey SD. Willingness to pay for prostate cancer treatment among patients and their family members at 1 year after diagnosis. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2012; 15:716-23. [PMID: 22867781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore an alternative approach to quantifying the burden of side effects at 1 year after treatment for prostate cancer among both patients and their partners. METHODS We analyzed data from 75 couples in the Family and Cancer Therapy Selection study. Paired patients and family members were independently asked about their willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical new treatment that cures prostate cancer without side effects if they could reconsider their treatment decision by indicating the maximum amount they would be willing to pay given 11 separate "bids" ranging from $0 to $1500 per month. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted for patients and family members controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and health status; Spearman correlations were also examined. RESULTS Among 75 couples analyzed, the income-adjusted mean WTP estimates per month were $400.8 (standard error [SE] $54.3) for patients and $650.2 (SE 72.2) for family members. The WTP between patients and family members was correlated (Pearson ρ 0.30; P = 0.01). After adjusting for covariates, the adjusted mean WTP per month was $588.1 (SE 65.77) for patients and $819.4 (SE 74.33) for family members. Wanting to avoid side effects at baseline predicted higher WTP for patients (P = 0.010). Experiencing sexual side effects was predictive of higher WTP for family members (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Fairly high WTP amounts for a hypothetical treatment without side effects suggests that patients and their partners are experiencing important burdens 1 year after treatment. The higher amounts partners are willing to pay and the correlation with sexual side effects suggest that they are perceptive of significant treatment burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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