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Do porcupines self-medicate? The seasonal consumption of plants with antiparasitic properties coincides with that of parasite infections in Hystrix cristata of Central Italy. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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BIOMEDICAL EVALUATION OF A BROWN LEMUR ( EULEMUR FULVUS SPP.) POPULATION FROM MBOUZI ISLET, MAYOTTE ISLAND. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 50:650-658. [PMID: 33517635 DOI: 10.1638/2017-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown lemur population (Eulemur fulvus spp.) in Mbouzi islet is not native, and was introduced in 1997. Since then, the population has grown. In 2012 the National Council for Protection of Nature of Mayotte requested to remove this population of lemurs from Mbouzi, as they were suspected to be a threat to the protected endemic flora of the islet. The Association Francophone des Vétérinaires de Parcs Zoologiques (French-speaking Zoo Veterinarians Association, AFVPZ) was asked to conduct a biomedical evaluation of the population. Fifty-two animals were captured, anesthetized, and weighed. They all underwent a general physical examination. Feces were sampled for bacterial and parasitological screening. Hair was sampled for genetic studies and blood was sampled for hematology, biochemistry, viral serology, and haemoparasitology. Results showed that three individuals had a positive feces culture for Salmonella enterica and six had Lemuricola or Callistoura parasite infestations. Blood analyses for hematology and biochemistry showed 46 animals with elevated transferrin, 42 with low ferritin levels, 19 with hyperglycemia, and 10 with neutrophilia. Finally, 10 were positive for Toxoplasma serology, one was positive for α herpesvirus, five for pox virus, five for simian virus 40, and two for flavivirus. This publication reports the first complete biomedical evaluation of lemurs on Mayotte Island.
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de Winter II, Umanets A, Gort G, Nieuwland WH, van Hooft P, Heitkönig IMA, Kappeler PM, Prins HHT, Smidt H. Effects of seasonality and previous logging on faecal helminth-microbiota associations in wild lemurs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16818. [PMID: 33033341 PMCID: PMC7544911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal helminth-microbiota associations are shaped by various ecological processes. The effect of the ecological context of the host on the bacterial microbiome and gastrointestinal helminth parasites has been tested in a number of ecosystems and experimentally. This study takes the important step to look at these two groups at the same time and to start to examine how these communities interact in a changing host environment. Fresh faecal samples (N = 335) from eight wild Eulemur populations were collected over 2 years across Madagascar. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterise the bacterial microbiota composition, and faecal flotation to isolate and morphologically identify nematode eggs. Infections with nematodes of the genera Callistoura and Lemuricola occurred in all lemur populations. Seasonality significantly contributed to the observed variation in microbiota composition, especially in the dry deciduous forest. Microbial richness and Lemuricola spp. infection prevalence were highest in a previously intensely logged site, whereas Callistoura spp. showed no such pattern. In addition, we observed significant correlations between gastrointestinal parasites and bacterial microbiota composition in these lemurs, with 0.4-0.7% of the variation in faecal bacterial microbiota composition being explained by helminth infections. With this study, we show effects of environmental conditions on gastrointestinal nematodes and bacterial interactions in wild lemurs and believe it is essential to consider the potential role of microbiome-parasite associations on the hosts' GI stability, health, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I de Winter
- Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Umanets
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Gort
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W H Nieuwland
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P van Hooft
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I M A Heitkönig
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P M Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H H T Prins
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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St Clair EM, Reback N, Perry JMG. Craniomandibular Variation in Phalangeriform Marsupials: Functional Comparisons with Primates. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:227-255. [PMID: 29330956 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phalangeriform marsupials have often been compared with primates because of similarity in the range of external morphology, ecological niches, and body size between the two radiations. We explore morphological convergence in the masticatory anatomy of strepsirrhine primates and phalangeriforms, through osteological measurements of the mandible and facial skeleton, and through dissection of the masticatory musculature, presenting new data on the arrangement and proportions of jaw adductors in phalangeriforms. Phalangeriforms and primates have a large number of shape differences in mandibular morphology. Despite these differences in shape on phylogenetic lines, dietary groups used to pool species of phalangeriforms and strepsirrhines also differed from each other in a range of shape variables. Notably, the striped possum (Dactylopsila), previously described as convergent with the aye-aye (Daubentonia), shares a number of features of mandibular shape with Daubentonia, and the exudate-feeding sugar-glider, Petaurus, shares shape features with gummivorous strepsirrhines. Petaurus also has long-fibered jaw adductors for its body mass, as would be expected for a species with a requirement for large gape. Phalangeriform species on the frugivore-folivore continuum were less clearly comparable to strepsirrhine species with similar diets. There are a number of significant dietary contrasts in osteological measurements, but in the masticatory muscles phalangeriforms did not meet all expectations based on available dietary data, highlighting the possible complexity of dietary adaptation in phalangeriform folivores. Anat Rec, 301:227-255, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M St Clair
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas Reback
- Art as Applied to Medicine Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan M G Perry
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Mehriardestani M, Aliahmadi A, Toliat T, Rahimi R. Medicinal plants and their isolated compounds showing anti- Trichomonas vaginalis - activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:885-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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MacIntosh AJJ, Huffman MA. Topic 3: Toward Understanding the Role of Diet in Host–Parasite Interactions: The Case for Japanese Macaques. THE JAPANESE MACAQUES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-53886-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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