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Otani Y, Ogawa H. Potency of Individual Identification of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) Using a Face Recognition System and a Limited Number of Learning Images. MAMMAL STUDY 2021. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Otani
- Center for the Study of Co* Design, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ogawa
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Hanya G, Tackmann J, Sawada A, Lee W, Pokharel SS, de Castro Maciel VG, Toge A, Kuroki K, Otsuka R, Mabuchi R, Liu J, Hatakeyama M, Yamasaki E, von Mering C, Shimizu-Inatsugi R, Hayakawa T, Shimizu KK, Ushida K. Fermentation Ability of Gut Microbiota of Wild Japanese Macaques in the Highland and Lowland Yakushima: In Vitro Fermentation Assay and Genetic Analyses. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:459-474. [PMID: 32328670 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata Blyth) living in the highland and lowland areas of Yakushima are known to have different diets, with highland individuals consuming more leaves. We aim to clarify whether and how these differences in diet are also reflected by gut microbial composition and fermentation ability. Therefore, we conduct an in vitro fermentation assay using fresh feces from macaques as inoculum and dry leaf powder of Eurya japonica Thunb. as a substrate. Fermentation activity was higher for feces collected in the highland, as evidenced by higher gas and butyric acid production and lower pH. Genetic analysis indicated separation of highland and lowland in terms of both community structure and function of the gut microbiota. Comparison of feces and suspension after fermentation indicated that the community structure changed during fermentation, and the change was larger for lowland samples. Analysis of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 barcoding region of the gut microbiota showed that community structure was clearly clustered between the two areas. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis indicated separation by gene and pathway abundance patterns. Two pathways (glycogen biosynthesis I and D-galacturonate degradation I) were enriched in lowland samples, possibly related to the fruit-eating lifestyle in the lowland. Overall, we demonstrated that the more leaf-eating highland Japanese macaques harbor gut microbiota with higher leaf fermentation ability compared with the more fruit-eating lowland ones. Broad, non-specific taxonomic and functional gut microbiome differences suggest that this pattern may be driven by a complex interplay between many taxa and pathways rather than single functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.
| | - Janko Tackmann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Akiko Sawada
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
- Chubu University Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Wanyi Lee
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | | | | | - Akito Toge
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Kota Kuroki
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Ryoma Otsuka
- Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoma Mabuchi
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jie Liu
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaomi Hatakeyama
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eri Yamasaki
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Chubu University Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
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Abstract
The journal Primates was founded by Kinji Imanishi (1902-1992) in 1957: It is the oldest and longest-running international primatology journal in the world. In this series of dialogues between Tetsuro Matsuzawa, Editor-in-Chief of Primates and the General Director of the Japan Monkey Centre (JMC) and Juichi Yamagiwa, former Editor-in-Chief of Primates and the Museum Director of the JMC, we look back at the achievements of our spiritual ancestors in primate research and talk about the back story of Imanishi and his fellow primatologists: founding the JMC as a research institute focused on primates and launching this journal. What was their motivation? What challenges did they face? What is their continued influence on the field right up to the present? What will be the legacy of our influence on the discipline?
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Hayakawa T, Sawada A, Tanabe AS, Fukuda S, Kishida T, Kurihara Y, Matsushima K, Liu J, Akomo-Okoue EF, Gravena W, Kashima M, Suzuki M, Kadowaki K, Suzumura T, Inoue E, Sugiura H, Hanya G, Agata K. Improving the standards for gut microbiome analysis of fecal samples: insights from the field biology of Japanese macaques on Yakushima Island. Primates 2018; 59:423-436. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-018-0671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sawada A, Sato H, Inoue E, Otani Y, Hanya G. Mycophagy among Japanese macaques in Yakushima: fungal species diversity and behavioral patterns. Primates 2013; 55:249-57. [PMID: 24338126 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-013-0396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycophagy (fungus-feeding) by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) in Yakushima has been observed by many researchers, but no detailed information is available on this behavior, including which fungal species are consumed. To provide a general description of mycophagy and to understand how and whether macaques avoid poisonous fungi, we conducted behavioral observation of wild Japanese macaques in Yakushima and used molecular techniques to identify fungal species. The results indicate that the diet of the macaques contains a large variety of fungal species (67 possible species in 31 genera), although they compose a very small portion of the total diet (2.2% of annual feeding time). Fungi which were eaten by macaques immediately after they were picked up were less likely to be poisonous than those which were examined (sniffed, nibbled, carefully handled) by macaques. However, such examining behaviors did not appear to increase the macaques' abilities to detect poisonous fungi. Fungi that were only partially consumed included more poisonous species than those fully consumed with/without examining behavior, yet this was not significant. Taste, therefore, might also play an important role in discriminating poisonous from non-poisonous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sawada
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41-2, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Hirotoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Inoue
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Otani
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41-2, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41-2, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
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Otani Y, Sawada A, Hanya G. Short-term separation from groups by male Japanese macaques: Costs and benefits in feeding behavior and social interaction. Am J Primatol 2013; 76:374-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Otani
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi Japan
| | - Akiko Sawada
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi Japan
| | - Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi Japan
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Regmi GR, Nekaris KAI, Kandel K, Nijman V. Crop-raiding macaques: predictions, patterns and perceptions from Langtang National Park, Nepal. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2013. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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