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Sikiric P, Boban Blagaic A, Strbe S, Beketic Oreskovic L, Oreskovic I, Sikiric S, Staresinic M, Sever M, Kokot A, Jurjevic I, Matek D, Coric L, Krezic I, Tvrdeic A, Luetic K, Batelja Vuletic L, Pavic P, Mestrovic T, Sjekavica I, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:461. [PMID: 38675421 PMCID: PMC11053547 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We highlight the particular aspects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity (not destroyed in human gastric juice, native and stable in human gastric juice, as a cytoprotection mediator holds a response specifically related to preventing or recovering damage as such) and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity. We attempt to resolve the shortage of the pleiotropic beneficial effects of BPC 157, given the general standard neurotransmitter criteria, in classic terms. We substitute the lack of direct conclusive evidence (i.e., production within the neuron or present in it as a precursor molecule, released eliciting a response on the receptor on the target cells on neurons and being removed from the site of action once its signaling role is complete). This can be a network of interconnected evidence, previously envisaged in the implementation of the cytoprotection effects, consistent beneficial particular evidence that BPC 157 therapy counteracts dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, adrenalin/noradrenalin, acetylcholine, and NO-system disturbances. This specifically includes counteraction of those disturbances related to their receptors, both blockade and over-activity, destruction, depletion, tolerance, sensitization, and channel disturbances counteraction. Likewise, BPC 157 activates particular receptors (i.e., VGEF and growth hormone). Furthermore, close BPC 157/NO-system relations with the gasotransmitters crossing the cell membrane and acting directly on molecules inside the cell may envisage particular interactions with receptors on the plasma membrane of their target cells. Finally, there is nerve-muscle relation in various muscle disturbance counteractions, and nerve-nerve relation in various encephalopathies counteraction, which is also exemplified specifically by the BPC 157 therapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Lidija Beketic Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ivana Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurjevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Danijel Matek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Luka Coric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Kresimir Luetic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Pavic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Sjekavica
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Sikiric P, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Smoday IM, Kalogjera L, Zizek H, Oroz K, Vranes H, Vukovic V, Labidi M, Strbe S, Baketic Oreskovic L, Sever M, Tepes M, Knezevic M, Barisic I, Blagaic V, Vlainic J, Dobric I, Staresinic M, Skrtic A, Jurjevic I, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Recover Brain-Gut Axis and Gut-Brain Axis Function. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050676. [PMID: 37242459 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Conceptually, a wide beneficial effect, both peripherally and centrally, might have been essential for the harmony of brain-gut and gut-brain axes' function. Seen from the original viewpoint of the gut peptides' significance and brain relation, the favorable stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 evidence in the brain-gut and gut-brain axes' function might have been presented as a particular interconnected network. These were the behavioral findings (interaction with main systems, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant effect, counteracted catalepsy, and positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms models). Muscle healing and function recovery appeared as the therapeutic effects of BPC 157 on the various muscle disabilities of a multitude of causes, both peripheral and central. Heart failure was counteracted (including arrhythmias and thrombosis), and smooth muscle function recovered. These existed as a multimodal muscle axis impact on muscle function and healing as a function of the brain-gut axis and gut-brain axis as whole. Finally, encephalopathies, acting simultaneously in both the periphery and central nervous system, BPC 157 counteracted stomach and liver lesions and various encephalopathies in NSAIDs and insulin rats. BPC 157 therapy by rapidly activated collateral pathways counteracted the vascular and multiorgan failure concomitant to major vessel occlusion and, similar to noxious procedures, reversed initiated multicausal noxious circuit of the occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome. Severe intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, portal and caval hypertensions, and aortal hypotension were attenuated/eliminated. Counteracted were the severe lesions in the brain, lungs, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. In particular, progressing thrombosis, both peripherally and centrally, and heart arrhythmias and infarction that would consistently occur were fully counteracted and/or almost annihilated. To conclude, we suggest further BPC 157 therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - May Labidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Marko Sever
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Tepes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Blagaic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainic
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, lnstitute Ruder Boskovic, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Dobric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurjevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Vukojevic J, Milavić M, Perović D, Ilić S, Čilić AZ, Đuran N, Štrbe S, Zoričić Z, Filipčić I, Brečić P, Seiverth S, Sikirić P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:482-487. [PMID: 34380875 PMCID: PMC8504390 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the pleiotropic beneficial effects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, three very recent demonstrations that may be essential in the gut-brain and brain-gut axis operation, and therapy application in the central nervous system disorders, in particular. Firstly, given in the reperfusion, BPC 157 counteracted bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries-induced stroke, sustained brain neuronal damages were resolved in rats as well as disturbed memory, locomotion, and coordination. This therapy effect supports particular gene expression in hippocampal tissues that appeared in BPC 157-treated rats. Secondly, there are L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)- and haloperidol-induced catalepsy as well as the rat acute and chronic models of 'positive-like' schizophrenia symptoms, that BPC 157 counteracted, and resolved the complex relationship of the nitric oxide-system with amphetamine and apomorphine (dopamine agents application), MK-801 (non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) and chronic methamphetamine administration (to induce sensitivity). Thirdly, after rat spinal cord compression, there were advanced healing and functional recovery (counteracted tail paralysis). Likewise, in BPC 157 therapy, there is specific support for each of these topics: counteracted encephalopathies; alleviated vascular occlusion disturbances (stroke); counteracted dopamine disturbances (dopamine receptors blockade, receptors super sensitivity development, or receptor activation, over-release, nigrostriatal damage, vesicles depletion), and nitric oxide-system disturbances ("L-NAME non-responsive, L-arginine responsive," and "L-NAME responsive, L-arginine responsive") (schizophrenia therapy); inflammation reduction, nerve recovery in addition to alleviated hemostasis and vessels function after compression (spinal cord injury therapy). Thus, these disturbances may be all resolved within the same agent's beneficial activity, i.e., the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakša Vukojevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Milavić
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Perović
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Spomenko Ilić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Đuran
- University Psychiatric Hospital "Vrapče", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Štrbe
- University Clinical Hospital Center "Zagreb", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zoričić
- University Clinical Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Petrana Brečić
- University Psychiatric Hospital "Vrapče", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiverth
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikirić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vranes H, Zizek H, Drmic D, Batelja Vuletic L, Milavic M, Sikiric S, Stilinovic I, Simeon P, Knezevic M, Kolak T, Tepes M, Simonji K, Strbe S, Nikolac Gabaj N, Barisic I, Oreskovic EG, Lovric E, Kokot A, Skrtic A, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Robert's Intragastric Alcohol-Induced Gastric Lesion Model as an Escalated General Peripheral and Central Syndrome, Counteracted by the Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1300. [PMID: 34680419 PMCID: PMC8533388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models. With this redefinition, we used Robert's model to examine the cytoprotective effects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. The intragastric administration of alcohol induced gastric lesions, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, severe brain swelling and lesions, portal and vena caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, severe thrombosis, inferior vena cava and superior mesenteric vein congestion, azygos vein failure (as a failed collateral pathway), electrocardiogram disturbances, and heart, lung, liver and kidney lesions. The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly. Specifically, BPC 157 reversed brain swelling and superior mesenteric vein and inferior vena caval congestion, and helped the azygos vein to recover, which improved the collateral blood flow pathway. Microscopically, BPC 157 counteracted brain (i.e., intracerebral hemorrhage with degenerative changes of cerebral and cerebellar neurons), heart (acute subendocardial infarct), lung (parenchymal hemorrhage), liver (congestion), kidney (congestion) and gastrointestinal (epithelium loss, hemorrhagic gastritis) lesions. In addition, this may have taken place along with the activation of specific molecular pathways. In conclusion, these findings clarify and extend the theory of cytoprotection, offer an approach to its practical application, and establish BPC 157 as a prospective cytoprotective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marija Milavic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Irma Stilinovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Paris Simeon
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Toni Kolak
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marijan Tepes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Karol Simonji
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Nora Nikolac Gabaj
- Department of Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Emma Grace Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Eva Lovric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
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Mirković I, Kralj T, Lozić M, Stambolija V, Kovačević J, Vrdoljak L, Zlatar M, Milanović K, Drmić D, Predović J, Masnec S, Jurjević M, Bušić M, Seiwerth S, Kokot A, Sikirić P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 shortens duration of tetracaine- and oxybuprocaine-induced corneal anesthesia in rats. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:394-406. [PMID: 34177048 PMCID: PMC8212645 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We focused on the relationship of 0.5% tetracaine- and 0.4% oxybuprocaine-induced corneal anesthesia in rats, and pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (0.4 µg/eye), along with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (0.1 mg/eye) and/or NOS substrate L-arginine (2 mg/eye), applied in the form of eye drops. We assessed corneal sensitivity recovery (Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer), corneal lesion elimination (staining with 10% fluorescein) and decrease in tear volume (Schirmer test). BPC 157 administration had a full counteracting effect. Recovery also occurred in the presence of NOS blockade and NOS substrate application. L-arginine eventually shortened duration of corneal insensitivity and exerted corneal lesion counteraction (and counteraction of tetracaine-induced decrease of tear volume) only in earlier but not in later period. L-NAME application led to longer duration of corneal insensitivity, increase in corneal lesions and decrease in tear volume. When L-NAME and L-arginine were applied together, they antagonized each other’s effect. These distinctions may indicate particular NOS involvement (corneal insensitivity vs. corneal lesion along with tear production), distinctively affected by the administration of NO agents. However, additional BPC 157 co-administration would re-establish counteraction over topical ophthalmic anesthetic-induced effect, be it in its early or late course. We suggest BPC 157 as an antidote to topical ophthalmic anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Kralj
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Lozić
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vasilije Stambolija
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Kovačević
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Vrdoljak
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Zlatar
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Milanović
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmić
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jurica Predović
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Masnec
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Jurjević
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Bušić
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikirić
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
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In relation to NO-System, Stable Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Counteracts Lidocaine-Induced Adverse Effects in Rats and Depolarisation In Vitro. Emerg Med Int 2020; 2020:6805354. [PMID: 32566305 PMCID: PMC7273470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6805354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the pentadecapeptide BPC 157-induced counteraction of bupivacaine cardiotoxicity has been reported. Medication includes (i) lidocaine-induced local anesthesia via intraplantar application and axillary and spinal (L4-L5) intrathecal block, (ii) lidocaine-induced arrhythmias, (iii) convulsions, and (iv) lidocaine-induced HEK293 cell depolarisation. BPC 157 applications (intraplantar, intraperitoneal, and intragastric) were given (i) immediately after lidocaine, (ii) 10 min after, or (iii) 5 min before. The BPC 157/NO-system relationship was verified with NO-agents, the NOS-blocker L-NAME and the NOS-substrate L-arginine, given alone and/or together, in axillary and spinal intrathecal blocks. BPC 157 applied immediately after lidocaine or 5 min before the application of lidocaine considerably ameliorated plantar presentation. BPC 157 medication considerably counteracted lidocaine-induced limb function failure; L-NAME was counteracted; L-arginine exhibited counteraction when given immediately after lidocaine, but prolongation was seen when given later. Given together, prophylactically or therapeutically, L-NAME and L-arginine (L-NAME + L-arginine) counteracted the other's response. BPC 157 maintained its original response when given together with L-NAME or L-arginine. When BPC 157 was given together with L-NAME and L-arginine, its original response reappeared. BPC 157 antagonised the lidocaine-induced bradycardia and eliminated tonic-clonic convulsions. Also, BPC 157 counteracted the lidocaine-induced depolarisation of HEK293 cells. Thus, BPC 157 has antidote activity in its own right against lidocaine and local anesthetics.
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Sikiric P, Hahm KB, Blagaic AB, Tvrdeic A, Pavlov KH, Petrovic A, Kokot A, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Drmic D, Rucman, R, Seiwerth S. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert's Stomach Cytoprotection/Adaptive Cytoprotection/Organoprotection, and Selye's Stress Coping Response: Progress, Achievements, and the Future. Gut Liver 2020; 14:153-167. [PMID: 31158953 PMCID: PMC7096228 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed again the significance of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a likely mediator of Robert's stomach cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection and organoprotection and as novel mediator of Selye's stress coping response to reestablish homeostasis. Specific points of BPC 157 therapy and the original concept of Robert's cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection/organoprotection are discussed, including the beneficial effects of BPC 157. First, BPC 157 protects stomach cells and maintains gastric integrity against various noxious agents (Robert's killing cell by contact) and is continuously present in the gastric mucosa and gastric juice. Additionally, BPC 157 protects against the adverse effects of alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastric epithelium and other epithelia, that is, skin, liver, pancreas, heart (organoprotection), and brain, thereby suggesting its use in wound healing. Additionally, BPC 157 counteracts gastric endothelial injury that precedes and induces damage to the gastric epithelium and generalizes "gastric endothelial protection" to protection of the endothelium of other vessels (thrombosis, prolonged bleeding, and thrombocytopenia). BPC 157 also has an effect on blood vessels, resulting in vessel recruitment that circumvents vessel occlusion and the development of additional shunting and rapid bypass loops to rapidly reestablish the integrity of blood flow (ischemic/reperfusion colitis, duodenal lesions, cecal perforation, and inferior vena caval occlusion). Lastly, BPC 157 counteracts tumor cachexia, muscle wasting, and increases in pro-inflammatory/procachectic cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and significantly corrects deranged muscle proliferation and myogenesis through changes in the expression of FoxO3a, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-GSK-3β (mitigating cancer cachexia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ki-Baik Hahm
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Andrea Petrovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rudolf Rucman,
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Belosic Halle Z, Vlainic J, Drmic D, Strinic D, Luetic K, Sucic M, Medvidovic-Grubisic M, Pavelic Turudic T, Petrovic I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Class side effects: decreased pressure in the lower oesophageal and the pyloric sphincters after the administration of dopamine antagonists, neuroleptics, anti-emetics, L-NAME, pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and L-arginine. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:10.1007/s10787-017-0358-8. [PMID: 28516373 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ulcerogenic potential of dopamine antagonists and L-NAME in rats provides unresolved issues of anti-emetic neuroleptic application in both patients and experimental studies. Therefore, in a 1-week study, we examined the pressures within the lower oesophageal and the pyloric sphincters in rats [assessed manometrically (cm H2O)] after dopamine neuroleptics/prokinetics, L-NAME, L-arginine and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 were administered alone and/or in combination. Medication (/kg) was given once daily intraperitoneally throughout the 7 days, with the last dose at 24 h before pressure assessment. Given as individual agents to healthy rats, all dopamine antagonists (central [haloperidol (6.25 mg, 16 mg, 25 mg), fluphenazine (5 mg), levomepromazine (50 mg), chlorpromazine (10 mg), quetiapine (10 mg), olanzapine (5 mg), clozapine (100 mg), sulpiride (160 mg), metoclopramide (25 mg)) and peripheral(domperidone (10 mg)], L-NAME (5 mg) and L-arginine (100 mg) decreased the pressure within both sphincters. As a common effect, this decreased pressure was rescued, dose-dependently, by BPC 157 (10 µg, 10 ng) (also note that L-arginine and L-NAME given together antagonized each other's responses). With haloperidol, L-NAME worsened both the lower oesophageal and the pyloric sphincter pressure, while L-arginine ameliorated lower oesophageal sphincter but not pyloric sphincter pressure, and antagonized L-NAME effect. With domperidone, L-arginine originally had no effect, while L-NAME worsened pyloric sphincter pressure. This effect was opposed by L-arginine. All these effects were further reversed towards a stronger beneficial effect, close to normal pressure values, by the addition of BPC 157. In addition, NO level was determined in plasma, sphincters and brain tissue. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also assessed. Haloperidol increased NO levels (in both sphincters, the plasma and brain), consistently producing increased TBARS levels in the plasma, sphincters and brain tissues. These effects were all counteracted by BPC 157 administration. In conclusion, we revealed that BPC 157 counteracts the anti-emetic neuroleptic class side effect of decreased pressure in sphincters and the dopamine/NO-system/BPC 157 relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Belosic Halle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Strinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kresimir Luetic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Sucic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maria Medvidovic-Grubisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Pavelic Turudic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Igor Petrovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 10, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, Kolenc D, Vuletic LB, Drmic D, Grgic T, Strbe S, Zukanovic G, Crvenkovic D, Madzarac G, Rukavina I, Sucic M, Baric M, Starcevic N, Krstonijevic Z, Bencic ML, Filipcic I, Rokotov DS, Vlainic J. Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:857-865. [PMID: 27138887 PMCID: PMC5333585 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666160502153022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-gut interaction involves, among others, peptidergic growth factors which are native in GI tract and have strong antiulcer potency and thus could from periphery beneficially affect CNS-disorders. We focused on the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, an antiulcer peptidergic agent, safe in inflammatory bowel disease trials and now in multiple sclerosis trial, native and stable in human gastric juice. METHODS Review of our research on BPC 157 in terms of brain-gut axis. RESULTS BPC 157 may serve as a novel mediator of Robert's cytoprotection, involved in maintaining of GI mucosa integrity, with no toxic effect. BPC 157 was successful in the therapy of GI tract, periodontitis, liver and pancreas lesions, and in the healing of various tissues and wounds. Stimulated Egr-1 gene, NAB2, FAK-paxillin and JAK-2 pathways are hitherto implicated. Initially corresponding beneficial central influence was seen when BPC 157 was given peripherally and a serotonin release in particular brain areas, mostly nigrostriatal, was changed. BPC 157 modulates serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, beneficially affects various behavioral disturbances that otherwise appeared due to specifically (over)stimulated/damaged neurotransmitters systems. Besides, BPC 157 has neuroprotective effects: protects somatosensory neurons; peripheral nerve regeneration appearent after transection; after traumatic brain injury counteracts the otherwise progressing course, in rat spinal cord compression with tail paralysis, axonal and neuronal necrosis, demyelination, cyst formation and rescues tail function in both short-terms and long-terms; after NSAIDs or insulin overdose or cuprizone encephalopathies were attenuated along with GI, liver and vascular injuries. CONCLUSION BPC 157, a gastric peptide, may serve as remedy in various CNS-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Djakovic Z, Djakovic I, Cesarec V, Madzarac G, Becejac T, Zukanovic G, Drmic D, Batelja L, Zenko Sever A, Kolenc D, Pajtak A, Knez N, Japjec M, Luetic K, Stancic-Rokotov D, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Esophagogastric anastomosis in rats: Improved healing by BPC 157 and L-arginine, aggravated by L-NAME. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9127-9140. [PMID: 27895400 PMCID: PMC5107594 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i41.9127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To cure typically life-threatening esophagogastric anastomosis in rats, lacking anastomosis healing and sphincter function rescue, in particular.
METHODS Because we assume esophagogastric fistulas represent a particular NO-system disability, we attempt to identify the benefits of anti-ulcer stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, which was in trials for ulcerative colitis and currently for multiple sclerosis, in rats with esophagocutaneous fistulas. Previously, BPC 157 therapies have promoted the healing of intestinal anastomosis and fistulas, and esophagitis and gastric lesions, along with rescued sphincter function. Additionally, BPC 157 particularly interacts with the NO-system. In the 4 d after esophagogastric anastomosis creation, rats received medication (/kg intraperitoneally once daily: BPC 157 (10 μg, 10 ng), L-NAME (5 mg), or L-arginine (100 mg) alone and/or combined or BPC 157 (10 μg, 10 ng) in drinking water). For rats underwent esophagogastric anastomosis, daily assessment included progressive stomach damage (sum of the longest diameters, mm), esophagitis (scored 0-5), weak anastomosis (mL H2O before leak), low pressure in esophagus at anastomosis and in the pyloric sphincter (cm H2O), progressive weight loss (g) and mortality. Immediate effect assessed blood vessels disappearance (scored 0-5) at the stomach surface immediately after anastomosis creation.
RESULTS BPC 157 (all regimens) fully counteracted the perilous disease course from the very beginning (i.e., with the BPC 157 bath, blood vessels remained present at the gastric surface after anastomosis creation) and eliminated mortality. Additionally, BPC 157 treatment in combination with L-NAME nullified any effect of L-NAME that otherwise intensified the regular course. Consistently, with worsening (with L-NAME administration) and amelioration (with L-arginine), either L-arginine amelioration prevails (attenuated esophageal and gastric lesions) or they counteract each other (L-NAME + L-arginine); with the addition of BPC 157 (L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157), there was a marked beneficial effect. BPC 157 treatment for esophagogastric anastomosis, along with NOS-blocker L-NAME and/or NOS substrate L-arginine, demonstrated an innate NO-system disability (as observed with L-arginine effectiveness). BPC 157 distinctively affected corresponding events: worsening (obtained with L-NAME administration that was counteracted); or amelioration (L-arginine + BPC 157-rats correspond to BPC 157-rats).
CONCLUSION Innate NO-system disability for esophagogastric anastomoses, including L-NAME-worsening, suggests that these effects could be corrected by L-arginine and almost completely eliminated by BPC 157 therapy.
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