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Hyaluronic acid hydrogels crosslinked via blue light-induced thiol-ene reaction for the treatment of rat corneal alkali burn. Regen Ther 2022; 20:51-60. [PMID: 35402662 PMCID: PMC8971597 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess corneal inflammation from alkali chemical burns, we examined the therapeutic effects of in situ-forming hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels crosslinked via blue light-induced thiol-ene reaction on a rat corneal alkali burn model. Animals were divided into three groups (n = 7 rats per group): untreated, treated with 0.1% HA eye drops, and treated with crosslinked HA hydrogels. Crosslinking of HA hydrogel followed by the administration of HA eye drops and crosslinked HA hydrogels were carried out once a day from days 0–4. Corneal re-epithelialization, opacity, neovascularization, thickness, and histology were evaluated to compare the therapeutic effects of the three groups. Further investigation was conducted on the transparency of HA hydrogels to acquire the practical capabilities of hydrogel as a reservoir for drug delivery. Compared to untreated animals, animals treated with crosslinked HA hydrogels exhibited greater corneal re-epithelialization on days 1, 2, 4, and 7 post-injury (p = 0.004, p = 0.007, p = 0.008, and p = 0.034, respectively) and the least corneal neovascularization (p = 0.008). Histological analysis revealed lower infiltration of stromal inflammatory cells and compact collagen structure in crosslinked HA hydrogel-treated animals than in untreated animals. These findings corresponded with immunohistochemical analyses indicating that the expression of inflammatory markers such as α-SMA, MMP9, and IL1-β was lower in animals treated with crosslinked HA hydrogels than untreated animals and animals treated only with 0.1% HA eye drops. With beneficial pharmacological effects such as re-epithelization and anti-inflammation, in situ-forming hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels may be a promising approach to effective drug delivery in cases of corneal burn injuries. Corneal chemical injuries can induce corneal opacification, limbal ischemia, and loss of vision. Limitations for using topical eye drops includes maintaining the optimal concentration of the drug on the ocular surface. Crosslinked HA hydrogels achieved rapid corneal re-epithelialization and low-grade neovascularization after chemical injury.
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Stewart S, Liu YC, Lin MTY, Mehta JS. Clinical Applications of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Keratorefractive Surgery. J Refract Surg 2021; 37:493-503. [PMID: 34236907 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20210419-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the contribution of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) to the understanding of corneal wound healing following refractive surgery, and its role in the diagnosis and management of complications arising from keratorefractive procedures. METHODS Review of the basic science and clinical literature relating to the study of keratorefractive surgical procedures using IVCM. RESULTS Extensive research using IVCM has generated a comprehensive understanding of tissue responses after corneal refractive surgery. Epithelial thickness and stromal keratocyte density can be quantified postoperatively and studied longitudinally. Corneal nerve loss and subsequent reinnervation has been characterized and differs significantly between laser refractive techniques. IVCM has also been used to study complications arising from postoperative inflammation (diffuse lamellar keratitis, central toxic keratopathy, ring keratitis, and ectasia), infection (microbial keratitis), and neuropathy (dry eye and neuralgia). This imaging technique can have a critical role in the diagnosis of these complications and subsequent monitoring of treatment response. Manual processing of IVCM images is time-consuming and there may be significant interobserver and intraobserver variability with poor repeatability. However, increasing automation and the use of artificial intelligence is improving the speed and accuracy of image analysis. CONCLUSIONS IVCM has historically been confined to a research setting because image capture and subsequent processing was extremely labor intensive. However, advances in both hardware and software capabilities promise to allow the use of IVCM in routine clinical practice. Real-time evaluation of the cornea at a cellular level will be particularly useful in patients with inflammatory, infectious, or neuropathic complications of keratorefractive surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2021;37(7):493-503.].
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Suárez-Barrio C, Etxebarria J, Hernáez-Moya R, Del Val-Alonso M, Rodriguez-Astigarraga M, Urkaregi A, Freire V, Morales MC, Durán JA, Vicario M, Molina I, Herrero-Vanrell R, Andollo N. Hyaluronic Acid Combined with Serum Rich in Growth Factors in Corneal Epithelial Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071655. [PMID: 30987108 PMCID: PMC6480555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess if an adhesive biopolymer, sodium hyaluronate (NaHA), has synergistic effects with s-PRGF (a serum derived from plasma rich in growth factors and a blood derivative that has already shown efficacy in corneal epithelial wound healing), to reduce time of healing or posology. In vitro proliferation and migration studies, both in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and in rabbit primary corneal epithelial (RPCE) cultures, were carried out. In addition, we performed studies of corneal wound healing in vivo in rabbits treated with s-PRGF, NaHA, or the combination of both. We performed immunohistochemistry techniques (CK3, CK15, Ki67, ß4 integrin, ZO-1, α-SMA) in rabbit corneas 7 and 30 days after a surgically induced epithelial defect. In vitro results show that the combination of NaHA and s-PRGF offers the worst proliferation rates in both HCE and RPCE cells. Addition of NaHA to s-PRGF diminishes the re-epithelializing capability of s-PRGF. In vivo, all treatments, given twice a day, showed equivalent efficacy in corneal epithelial healing. We conclude that the combined use of s-PRGF and HaNA as an adhesive biopolymer does not improve the efficacy of s-PRGF alone in the wound healing of corneal epithelial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Suárez-Barrio
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Jaime Etxebarria
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Raquel Hernáez-Moya
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Marina Del Val-Alonso
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Maddalen Rodriguez-Astigarraga
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Arantza Urkaregi
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics and Operational Research, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Freire
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- R & D Department, Instituto Clínico-Quirúrgico de Oftalmología, 48006 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - María-Celia Morales
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Durán
- R & D Department, Instituto Clínico-Quirúrgico de Oftalmología, 48006 Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Dermatology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Marta Vicario
- Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) UCM Research Group 920415. Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Molina
- Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) UCM Research Group 920415. Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Herrero-Vanrell
- Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) UCM Research Group 920415. Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Noelia Andollo
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Begiker, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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