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Sharma S, Singh A, Agrawal A, Kumari R, Kumar B. Association of smartphones use, ocular symptoms and binocular dysfunctions in adolescents: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Strabismus 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39037013 DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2024.2382289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the current scenario of increased smartphone use in youth, this study aims to evaluate the proportion of ocular symptoms and binocular dysfunction and their association with smartphone use in adolescents through a hospital-based cross-sectional study. METHODS The participants were asked to fill out questionnaires related to smartphone use and symptoms of eyestrain experienced (Balik et al. and Kucer). They were asked about the following seven symptoms: blurring of vision, redness, visual disturbance, secretion, inflammation, lacrimation, and dryness. Each symptom out of the 7, was scored on a scale of 0-1 and was used to calculate an Ocular Symptom Score (OSS) by summing the scores of each symptom.Depending upon the duration of smartphone usage, the participants were classified into four groups: <2 hours/day, 2-4 hours/day, 4-6 hours/day, and >6 hours/day. Binocular functions were assessed using near point of convergence (NPC), near point of accommodation (NPA), Accommodative convergence/Accommodation (AC/A) ratio, dissociated heterophoria, and binocular accommodative facility (BAF). RESULTS A total of 123 smartphone user adolescents, aged 10-19 years were included in this study. The mean age of the study population was 16.58 + 2.8 years, out of which 52.03% were males. Prevalence of ocular symptoms was higher in groups with greater duration of smartphone use (2 to 4, 4 to 6, and >6 hours/day as compared to <2 hours/day: 90.48%, 94.74%, 100% vs. 75% respectively). The mean of NPC was 8.51, it was highest in subjects using smartphones for >6 hours. (p-value = .001). The mean AC/A ratio was 2.83 + 1.03: 1. A low AC/A ratio was associated with a longer duration of smartphone usage (p-value = .0001). The mean of BAF was 7.4 + 3.18 cycles/min, only 30 (24.4%) participants had BAF beyond the normal range (<5 cycles/min). The mean of BAF was lowest in the group with >6 hours/day of smartphone use (p-value < .0001). No significant change was found in NPA and dissociated heterophoria with the duration of smartphone usage. CONCLUSION Higher duration of smartphone use (>2 hours/day) is associated with various ocular symptoms and binocular dysfunction. However, additional research is necessary to authenticate the results of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Anupam Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Ajai Agrawal
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Ranjeeta Kumari
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Barun Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Serious Games for Vision Training Exercises with Eye-Tracking Technologies: Lessons from Developing a Prototype. INFORMATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/info13120569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye-tracking technologies (ETs) and serious games (SGs) have emerged as new methods promising better support for vision screening and training. Previous research has shown the practicality of eye-tracking technology for vision screening in health care, but there remains a need for studies showing that the effective utilization of SGs and ETs are beneficial for vision training. This study investigates the feasibility of SGs and ETs for vision training by designing, developing, and evaluating a prototype influenced by commercially available games, based on a battery of exercises previously defined by vision experts. Data were collected from five participants, including a vision teacher, through a user experience questionnaire (UEQ) following a mixed method. Data analysis of the UEQ results and interviews highlighted the current challenges and positive attitudes in using SGs and ET for vision training. In conjunction with UEQ indicators such as attractiveness and perspicuity, the stimulation of the vision training battery based on the user experience provided insights into using ETs and further developing SGs to better approach different eye movements for vision training.
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Xie M, Yao G, Zhang T, Wang Q, Mo X, Dong Q, Lou W, Lu F, Pan T, Gao M, Jiang D, Zhao K, Lin Y. Multifunctional flexible contact lens for eye health monitoring using inorganic magnetic oxide nanosheets. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:202. [PMID: 35477463 PMCID: PMC9044588 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non-invasive innovative diagnosis platform, advanced flexible contact lenses can dynamically monitor vital ocular indicators, spot abnormalities and provide biofeedback guidance for real-time diagnosis and rehabilitation tracking of chronic eye diseases. However, most of the state-of-the-art reported contact lenses either can only monitor a single indicator at a time or realize multifunctional integration based on multiple materials. Herein, we developed a flexible multifunctional contact lens based on inorganic γ-Fe2O3@NiO magnetic oxide nanosheets, which can be attached conformally and seamlessly to the eyeball to simultaneously monitor glucose level in tears, eyeball movement, and intraocular pressure. The optimized contact lens has a reliable glucose detection limit (0.43 μmol), superior eye movement measurement accuracy (95.27%) and high intraocular pressure sensitivity (0.17 MHz mmHg− 1). This work presents a concept in the biochemical and biophysical integrated sensing of ocular signals using contact lens via an innovative material, and provides a personalized and efficient way for health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowen Xie
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Guang Yao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China. .,Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Mo
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiwei Dong
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhao Lou
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kangning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China. .,Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China.
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Li S, Tang A, Yang B, Wang J, Liu L. Virtual reality-based vision therapy versus OBVAT in the treatment of convergence insufficiency, accommodative dysfunction: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:182. [PMID: 35448970 PMCID: PMC9027290 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual reality is being increasingly applied in vision therapy. However, the differences in effectiveness, optimal treatment cycle, and prognosis between virtual reality-based vision therapy and traditional therapies remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality-based vision therapy and office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in young adults with convergence insufficiency or accommodative dysfunction. Methods The patients were randomly assigned to either the virtual reality-based vision therapy group or the office-based vergence/accommodative therapy group. The vision therapy lasted 12 weeks (1 h/week) in both groups. Binocular visual functions (vergence and accommodation) were measured and a subjective questionnaire-based assessment was performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of therapy. Results In total, 33 patients with convergence insufficiency and 30 with accommodative dysfunction completed the study. After 12 weeks of treatment for convergence insufficiency, the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score (F2,31 = 13.704, P < 0.001), near point of convergence (F2,31 = 21.774, P < 0.001), positive fusional vergence (F2,31 = 71.766, P < 0.001), and near horizontal phoria (F2,31 = 16.482, P < 0.001) improved significantly in both groups. Moreover, the monocular accommodative amplitude (F2,25 = 22.154, P < 0.001) and monocular accommodative facility (F2,25 = 86.164, P < 0.001) improved significantly in both groups after 12 weeks of treatment. A statistically significant difference was observed in monocular accommodative facility (F1,25 = 8.140, P = 0.009) between the two groups, but not in other vergence and accommodative functions (0.098 < P < 0.687). Conclusion Virtual reality-based vision therapy significantly improved binocular vision functions and symptoms in patients with convergence insufficiency and accommodative dysfunction, thereby suggesting its effectiveness as a new optional or additional treatment for young adults with these conditions. Trial registration This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry on 16/04/2019 (identifier: ChiCTR1900022556). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-022-02393-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Li
- Department of Optometry, West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Angcang Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianglan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Optometry, West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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