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Guneri Beser B, Demirci H. Acute Sterile Endophthalmitis Following Intravitreal Rituximab Injection in Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Case Series. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:863-868. [PMID: 36952513 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2190802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE OR PURPOSE To describe sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal rituximab (Rituxan, Genentech) injection for treatment of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). DESIGN Retrospective case series. SUBJECTS, PARTICIPANTS, AND/OR CONTROLS Medical records of biopsy-proven VRL patients who received intravitreal rituximab (RTX) between January 2011 and December 2021 in Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan were reviewed. 3 patients presented with sterile endophthalmitis after the second dose of intravitreal RTX were included.Methods, Intervention, or Testing: Intravitreal methotrexate (400µg/0.1ml) and rituximab (1mg/0.1ml) injections given a week apart, monthly.Main Outcome Measures: Clinical presentation and response to treatment including visual acuity, degree of inflammation and intraocular pressure . RESULTS All cases had bilateral disease and received the first dose of intravitreal RTX without any side effects. All cases developed bilateral corneal edema with Descemet's folds, mutton-fat keratic precipitates, anterior chamber and vitreous cells with hazy fundus view approximately within 1 week after the second RTX injection. Intraocular pressures were increased in Cases 2 and 3. Clinical findings improved to baseline with topical corticosteroid therapy within 1 month in all cases, and additional topical antiglaucomatous medication in Cases 2 and 3. Additionally, Case 1 received the third dose of RTX injection to the right eye 1 month after the second injection and repeating dense anterior chamber and vitreous cells developed in 1 day. Her vision decreased to counting fingers from 20/40, and intraocular pressure increased. After topical steroids and antiglaucomatous medications, her intraocular inflammation subsided. Her vision improved to 20/30, and intraocular pressure became normal in the right eye. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first case series documenting sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal rituximab in vitreoretinal lymphoma. Recognition of sterile endophthalmitis is important in differentiating from vitreoretinal lymphoma recurrence and infectious endophthalmitis. Close observation and topical steroid drops seem to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Guneri Beser
- The Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hakan Demirci
- The Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Dalvin LA, Pulido JS, Shields CL, Marchese A, Miserocchi E, Frenkel S, Pe'er J. Vitreoretinal lymphoma: Central nervous system lymphoma risk with unilateral or bilateral ocular tumour. A multicentre collaboration. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:54-61. [PMID: 34999721 PMCID: PMC9829720 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk of developing central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma in patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) presenting with unilateral versus (vs.) bilateral ocular involvement. METHODS Retrospective, multicentre cohort study from January 1, 1984 to December 31, 2020. RESULTS There were 218 eyes of 127 patients with isolated VRL of the confirmed or presumed diffuse large B-cell subtype in the absence of known CNS or systemic lymphoma. Overall, mean patient age at presentation was 67 years (median 68, range 22-93 years), with 52 (40%) male, and 118 (90%) Caucasian. By univariate Cox regression analysis, two factors were predictive of decreased risk for development of CNS lymphoma, including initial presentation with unilateral VRL (versus bilateral VRL) (HR 0.5 [0.2-0.9], p = 0.02) and use of systemic chemotherapy for initial treatment of isolated ocular disease (HR 0.2 [0.1-0.6], p = 0.002). Both factors remained significant on multivariate and competing risk analyses. Progression from unilateral to bilateral VRL, patient age at presentation, and ocular structures involved (vitreous, subretinal space, subretinal pigment epithelial space) were not significantly associated with CNS lymphoma risk. CONCLUSION Initial presentation with unilateral VRL and treatment of isolated VRL with systemic chemotherapy were associated with lower risk of developing CNS lymphoma. Further study is required to determine whether select patients with isolated VRL might benefit from systemic chemotherapy in the prevention of CNS lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Dalvin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Translational Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Sewell, NJ, USA
| | - Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Sewell, NJ, USA
| | - Alessandro Marchese
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute-IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Miserocchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute-IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Shahar Frenkel
- Division of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Pe'er
- Division of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Chen T, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chang Q, Wu J, Wang Z, Geng D, Yu JT, Li Y, Li XQ, Chen H, Zhuang D, Li J, Wang B, Jiang T, Lyu L, Song Y, Qiu X, Li W, Lin S, Zhang X, Lu D, Lei J, Chen Y, Mao Y. Evidence-based expert consensus on the management of primary central nervous system lymphoma in China. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:136. [PMID: 36176002 PMCID: PMC9524012 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a type of central nervous system restricted non-Hodgkin lymphoma, whose histopathological diagnosis is majorly large B cell lymphoma. To provide specific, evidence-based recommendations for medical professionals and to promote more standardized, effective and safe treatment for patients with PCNSL, a panel of experts from the Chinese Neurosurgical Society of the Chinese Medical Association and the Society of Hematological Malignancies of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association jointly developed an evidence-based consensus. After comprehensively searching literature and conducting systematic reviews, two rounds of Delphi were conducted to reach consensus on the recommendations as follows: The histopathological specimens of PCNSL patients should be obtained as safely and comprehensively as possible by multimodal tomography-guided biopsy or minimally invasive surgery. Corticosteroids should be withdrawn from, or not be administered to, patients with suspected PCNSL before biopsy if the patient's status permits. MRI (enhanced and DWI) should be performed for diagnosing and evaluating PCNSL patients where whole-body PET-CT be used at necessary time points. Mini-mental status examination can be used to assess cognitive function in the clinical management. Newly diagnosed PCNSL patients should be treated with combined high-dose methotrexate-based regimen and can be treated with a rituximab-inclusive regimen at induction therapy. Autologous stem cell transplantation can be used as a consolidation therapy. Refractory or relapsed PCNSL patients can be treated with ibrutinib with or without high-dose chemotherapy as re-induction therapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery can be used for PCNSL patients with a limited recurrent lesion who were refractory to chemotherapy and have previously received whole-brain radiotherapy. Patients with suspected primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) should be diagnosed by vitreous biopsy. PVRL or PCNSL patients with concurrent VRL can be treated with combined systemic and local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201107, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Daoying Geng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Dongxiao Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Lanting Lyu
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Health Technology Assessment and Policy Evaluation Group, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncolgoy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xinghu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfection Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Dehong Lu
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Junqiang Lei
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Lanzhou University GRADE Center, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institute of Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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