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Pavithra KG, SundarRajan P, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G. Mercury sources, contaminations, mercury cycle, detection and treatment techniques: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137314. [PMID: 36410499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is considered a toxic pollutant harmful to our human health and the environment. Mercury is highly persistent, volatile and bioaccumulated and enters into the food chain, destroying our ecosystem. The levels of mercury in the water bodies as well as in the atmosphere are affected by anthropogenic and natural activities. In this review, the mercury species as well as the mercury contamination towards water, soil and air are discussed in detail. In addition to that, the sources of mercury and the mercury cycle in the aquatic system are also discussed. The determination of mercury with various methods such as with modified electrodes and nanomaterials was elaborated in brief. The treatment in the removal of mercury such as adsorption, electrooxidation and photocatalysis were explained with recent ideologies and among them, adsorption was considered one of the efficient techniques in terms of cost and mercury removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Grace Pavithra
- Department of Environmental and Water Resource Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P SundarRajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR) Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Nguyen HL, Cao HH, Nguyen DT, Nguyen VA. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Doped Polyaniline for Enhancing the Electrochemical Sensitivity of Mercury Ions. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huy L. Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hanoi University of Science and Technology; 1 Dai Co Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Ha H. Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hanoi University of Science and Technology; 1 Dai Co Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Dzung T. Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Vân-Anh Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hanoi University of Science and Technology; 1 Dai Co Viet Hanoi Vietnam
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Electrochemical determination of inorganic mercury and arsenic—A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:895-908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Electrochemical determination of mercury: A review. Talanta 2013; 116:1091-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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References. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b11478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hezard T, Fajerwerg K, Evrard D, Collière V, Behra P, Gros P. Gold nanoparticles electrodeposited on glassy carbon using cyclic voltammetry: Application to Hg(II) trace analysis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Ly SY, Choa SH, Shin MH, Shin HJ, Kim SR, Yoo HS, Jung YS, Choi JB. Trace Uranium Assay Using Infrared Photo Diode Electrodes. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903502157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractIn this review (with 500 refs), both electrochemistry and electroanalysis with carbon paste-based electrodes, sensors, and detectors are of interest, when attention is focused on the research activities in the years of new millennium. Concerned are all important aspects of the field, from fundamental investigations with carbon paste as the electrode material, via laboratory examination of the first electrode prototypes, basic and advanced studies of various electrode processes and other phenomena, up to practical applications to the determination of inorganic ions, complexes, and molecules. The latter is presented in a series of extensive tables, offering a nearly complete survey of methods published within the period of 2001–2008. Finally, the latest trends and outstanding achievements are also outlined and future prospects given.
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Panta YM, Liu J, Cheney MA, Joo SW, Qian S. Ultrasensitive detection of mercury (II) ions using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance with magnetohydrodynamic convection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 333:485-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ly SY, Lee CH, Jung YS. Voltammetric Bioassay of Caffeine using Sensor Implant. Neuromolecular Med 2009; 11:20-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-008-8057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kanan SM, Abu-Yousef IA, Hassouneh N, Malkawi A, Abdo N, Kanan MC. A Highly Selective Luminescent Sensor for Detecting Mercuric Ions in Water. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A chemoluminescent sensor utilizing the substrate 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehydebis(o-hydroxyphenylimine) (S1) was developed for low-concentration detection of mercuric ions in aqueous solutions. The sensor selectively detects mercury in the presence of sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron ions. A strong binding was observed between the mercuric ions and the substrate at a pH range of 6.5–7.5, which makes the substrate a distinctive luminescence sensor for detecting mercury at ambient conditions. The sensor shows a linear response towards Hg2+ in the concentration range 5.0 × 10–5 to 2.5 × 10–8 M with a limit of detection of 5.0 × 10–8 M. The sensor can also detect zinc ions at a pH of 10 or higher. The results indicate that this sensor has a promising future for the detection of mercury in real environmental water samples.
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Ly SY, Cho NS. Diagnosis of human hepatitis B virus in non-treated blood by the bovine IgG DNA-linked carbon nanotube biosensor. J Clin Virol 2008; 44:43-7. [PMID: 18977688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify an effective bioassay for human hepatitis B virus (HBV) using voltammetric sensor. STUDY DESIGN Electrode was prepared with bovine IgG immobilized onto a DNA-linked carbon nanotube electrode (BIDCE). Analytical BIDCE conditions were optimized through square wave (SW) stripping and cyclic voltammetry (CV). RESULTS Optimum parameters of 75 Hz SW frequency, 0.1 V SW amplitude, -1.3 V SW accumulation potential, 100 s accumulation time, and 3.0 mV SW increment potential were obtained. Within working ranges of 0.035-0.242 mg/mL anti-bovine IgG, the relative standard deviation of 0.2 mL HBV was observed to be 0.04 (n=4). CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic application was performed through direct assay of HBV in non-treated human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suw Young Ly
- Biosensor Research Institute, Seoul National University of Technology, 172, Gongreung 2-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea.
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Simultaneous Diagnostic Assay of Catechol and Caffeine Using an in vivo Implanted Neuro Sensor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.9.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ly SY. Assay of diazinon pesticides in cucumber juice and in the deep brain cells of a live carp. Mikrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ly SY, Jung YS, Lee CH, Won Lee B. Administering Pesticide Assays in In Vivo-Implanted Biosensors. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An analytical pesticide assay of O-ethyl-O-4-(nitrophenyl)phenyl phosphonothioate (EPN) was carried out using the following: a carbon nanotube paste electrode, a mercury-immobilized carbon nanotube paste electrode, a glassy carbon electrode, a metal–gold electrode, and a DNA-immobilized carbon nanotube paste electrode (DPE), which is two-fold more sensitive than other sensors. The DPE was optimized using cyclic and square wave stripping voltammetry. Linear working ranges approached 5–55 mg L–1 EPN and the nano-range of 10–210 ng L–1 in a 0.1 mol L–1 NH4H2PO4 electrolyte solution, with a speedy analytical time of 30-s stripping. The detection limit was 2.57 ng L–1 (7.94 × 10–12 mol L–1), and the precision was 0.102% relative standard deviation (n = 15) at the 10.0 mg L–1 EPN spike. This indicates that the method is more sensitive than common voltammetric methods. This method was applied to fruit samples using patch- and needle-type electrodes, specifically on the skin tissues of an orange and an apple. Moreover, the implanted electrode was interfaced with a fish brain cell at the electrochemical workstation. Results showed that the aforementioned method can be used to conduct a pesticide assay in neuro-treated and non-treated cell systems.
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Panta YM, Qian S, Cheney MA. Stripping analysis of mercury(II) ionic solutions under magneto-hydrodynamic convection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 317:175-82. [PMID: 17919650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic mercury(II) ions are ubiquitous contaminants of world water systems and thus their determination and removal from the environment are important. The effects of magnetic field on the stripping analysis of mercury(II) ionic solutions have been experimentally investigated. During the stripping analysis, a potential difference is applied across the working and reference electrodes positioned in the working sample and a current density transmits through the electrolyte solution. When the electrochemical cell is exposed to a magnetic field, provided by a permanent magnet, the interaction between the current density and the magnetic field induces Lorentz forces, which, in turn, induce fluid motion. The induced magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) convection enhances the ionic mass transport during the deposition and stripping steps, which leads to larger anodic current during the stripping step, thus obtaining higher detection sensitivity during the determination of the mercury(II) ions. The Hg2+ ionic solutions with concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 1 microM in the presence and absence of supporting electrolyte, 30 mM nitric acid (HNO 3) and 0.1 M potassium nitrate (KNO 3), under various magnetic flux densities (B=0,0.27,0.53, and 0.71 T) were measured with a linear sweep stripping voltammetry (LSSV) technique. The experimental results demonstrated that the stripping signals of the Hg2+ ions are enhanced, respectively, more than 10 and 30% in the absence and presence of the supporting electrolyte under a magnetic flux density B=0.71 T as compared to the cases in the absence of the magnetic field with all other identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra M Panta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4027, USA
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Kachoosangi R, Wildgoose G, Compton R. Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrodes: Overcoming Large Capacitive Currents Using Rotating Disk Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dong H, Lin L, Zheng H, Zhao G, Ye B. Electrode Modified with Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) Film of Calixarenes for Preconcentration and Stripping Analysis of Hg(II). ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ex situ atomic force microscopy of bismuth film deposition at carbon paste electrodes. Electrochem commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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