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Ortega-Santos A, Martínez JG, Jager EWH. Synchronous Cation-Driven and Anion-Driven Polypyrrole-Based Yarns toward In-Air Linear Actuators. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:9391-9405. [PMID: 39398378 PMCID: PMC11467901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CP) have shown great features in building textile actuators. To date, most of the yarn-based or CP-yarn actuators have been operated in liquid electrolytes in a three-electrode-cell configuration, comprising an external counter and a reference electrode. For integration in textiles, a two-electrode system is needed, where both electrodes are in a yarn format. This can be achieved by having two CP-yarns, where one acts as the anode and the other as the cathode. For these two CP-yarns to operate synchronically, they both need to expand (or contract) during opposite reactions. This can be achieved by doping one CP-yarn with mobile anions that will expand during oxidation, while the other CP-yarn should be doped with immobile anions expanding during reduction. As a result, the same movement is created upon opposite redox reactions, both collaborating with the actuation in the same direction without the need for an external passive electrode to close the electrical circuit, which could oppose or hinder the movement. Most of the studies on textile actuators are based on cation-driven CP-yarn actuators, while little is known about anion-driven systems in CP-yarn actuators. Here, we first present a study of the effect of the dopants, solvents, and polymer layer combinations on the mechanism and strain of CP-yarns. The CP-yarns are coated with two layers: an inner poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer and the outer and active polypyrrole (PPy) layer. According to our results, the dopant of the inner PEDOT layer seems to affect the actuation mechanism of the outer PPy layer and, thereby, of the whole CP-yarn actuator, influencing the direction of the movement and enhancing or hindering the total strain of the actuator. We show that a CP-yarn coated with PEDOT(Tos)/PPy(ClO4) and actuated in LiClO4 aqueous solution showed a pure anion-driven actuation. Next, based on the latter results, we demonstrate for the first time the dual actuation of two CP-yarns, doped with two different dopants, ClO4 - and DBS-, actuating simultaneously driven by opposite redox reactions and exhibiting an average of 0.5% of strain, an important step toward in-air actuating yarns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia
B. Ortega-Santos
- Sensor and Actuator Systems,
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jose G. Martínez
- Sensor and Actuator Systems,
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Edwin W. H. Jager
- Sensor and Actuator Systems,
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of poly [Ni(CH3Osalen)] with immobilized poly(styrenesulfonate) anion dopants. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li M, Zhao J, Li Y, Li M, Wu Y, Wang C, Jiao H, Na P. Enhanced adsorption of cesium ions by electrochemically switched ion exchange method: Based on surface-synthetic Na2Ti3O7 nanotubes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Effect of the polymerization bath on structure and electrochemical properties of polyaniline-poly(styrene sulfonate) hydrogels. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Wang C, Jiang C, Xu Y, Liang L, Zhou M, Jiang J, Singh S, Zhao H, Schober A, Lei Y. A Selectively Permeable Membrane for Enhancing Cyclability of Organic Sodium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9182-9187. [PMID: 27571544 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy to enhance the cyclability of organic sodium-ion batteries is developed by applying a selectively permeable membrane to allow the passage of Na ions but block the slightly dissolved active molecules and thereby inhibit the further dissolution. After utilization of the membrane, the batteries show highly enhanced cyclability. Such strategy can be potentially extended to many organic materials with low solubilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany
| | - Liying Liang
- Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sukhdeep Singh
- Institute for Chemistry and Bio-Technique & IMN MacroNano, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany
| | - Huaping Zhao
- Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany
| | - Andreas Schober
- Institute for Chemistry and Bio-Technique & IMN MacroNano, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany
| | - Yong Lei
- Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany.
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Zhang P, Zheng J, Wang Z, Du X, Gao F, Hao X, Guan G, Li C, Liu S. An in Situ Potential-Enhanced Ion Transport System Based on FeHCF–PPy/PSS Membrane for the Removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from Dilute Aqueous Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengle Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Junlan Zheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Fengfeng Gao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Guoqing Guan
- North
Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (NJRISE), Hirosaki University, 2-1-3, Matsubara, Aomori 030-0813, Japan
| | - Chuncheng Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shibin Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Tóth PS, Endrődi B, Janáky C, Visy C. Development of polymer–dopant interactions during electropolymerization, a key factor in determining the redox behaviour of conducting polymers. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Simultaneous separation of iodide and cesium ions from dilute wastewater based on PPy/PTCF and NiHCF/PTCF electrodes using electrochemically switched ion exchange method. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Wang Z, Feng Y, Hao X, Huang W, Guan G, Abudula A. An intelligent displacement pumping film system: a new concept for enhancing heavy metal ion removal efficiency from liquid waste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 274:436-442. [PMID: 24813663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A concept of electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) hybrid film system with piston-like proton pumping effect for the removal of heavy metal ions was proposed. Based on this concept, a novel ESIX hybrid film composed of layered alpha zirconium phosphate (α-Zr(HPO4)2; α-ZrP) nanosheets intercalated with a potential-responsive conducting polyaniline (PANI) was developed for the removal of Ni(2+) ions from wastewater. It is expected that the space between α-ZrP nanosheets acts as the reservoir for the functional ions while the intercalated PANI works as the potential-sensitive function element for piston-like proton pumping in such ESIX hybrid films. The prepared ESIX hybrid film showed an excellent property of rapid removal of Ni(2+) ions from wastewater with a high selectivity. The used film was simply regenerated by only altering the applied potential. The ion pumping effect for the ESIX of Ni(2+) ions using this kind of film was proved via XPS analysis. The proposed ESIX hybrid film should have high potential for the removal of Ni(2+) ions and/or other heavy metal ions from wastewater in various industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongde Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Yanting Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Guoqing Guan
- North Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (NJRISE), Hirosaki University, 2-1-3, Matsubara, Aomori 030-0813, Japan.
| | - Abuliti Abudula
- North Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (NJRISE), Hirosaki University, 2-1-3, Matsubara, Aomori 030-0813, Japan
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Continuous Separation of Cesium Based on NiHCF/PTCF Electrode by Electrochemically Switched Ion Exchange. Chin J Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(12)60407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sun B, Hao XG, Wang ZD, Guan GQ, Zhang ZL, Li YB, Liu SB. Separation of low concentration of cesium ion from wastewater by electrochemically switched ion exchange method: experimental adsorption kinetics analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 233-234:177-183. [PMID: 22819476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of experiments were performed to evaluate the continuous separation of cesium based on an electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) process using a diaphragm-isolated reactor with two identical nickel hexacyanoferrate/porous three-dimensional carbon felt (NiHCF/PTCF) electrodes as working electrodes. The effects of applied potential, initial concentrations and pH values of the simulation solutions on the adsorption of cesium ion were investigated. The adsorption rate of cesium ion in the ESIX process was fitted by a pseudo-first-order reaction model. The experiments revealed that the introduction of applied potential on the electrodes greatly enhanced the adsorption/desorption rate of Cs(+) and increased the separation efficiency. H(3)O(+) was found to play a dual role of electrolyte and competitor, and the adsorption rate constant showed a curve diversification with an increase in pH value. Also, it was found that the electrochemically switched adsorption process of Cs(+) by NiHCF/PTCF electrodes proceeded in two main steps, i.e., an ESIX step with a fast adsorption rate and an ion diffusion step with a slow diffusion rate. Meanwhile, the NiHCF/PTCF film electrode showed adsorption selectivity for Cs(+) in preference to Na(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Akieh MN, Varga Á, Latonen RM, Ralph SF, Bobacka J, Ivaska A. Simultaneous monitoring of the transport of anions and cations across polypyrrole based composite membranes. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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