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Ahmed FS, El-Zomor MA, Ghazala MSA, Elshaer RN. Impact of thermal oxidation parameters on micro-hardness and hot corrosion of Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr alloy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11249. [PMID: 37438461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective oxide layers on Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr (TC21) alloy with equiaxed microstructure considerably influence micro-hardness and hot corrosion resistance. The present work's thermal oxidation of TC21 alloy was performed at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 5, 20, and 50 h durations. Hot corrosion methods in NaCl and NaCl + Na2SO4 salt media were applied to raw (unoxidized) and oxidized samples at 600 and 800 °C for 50 h. Hot corrosion was conducted at 600 °C for 5 cycles with 10-h steps. The best oxide layer thickness was observed at 800 °C, which increased with increased oxidation time and temperature. The surface hardness of the oxide layer at 800 °C was 900 ± 60 HV0.05 owing to the formation of TiO2 and Al2O3 phases. Raw material hardness was 342 ± 20 HV0.05, increasing threefold due to thermal oxidation. In the case of NaCl, weight loss dominated all samples except at 800 °C for 5 h. In the case of NaCl + Na2SO4, weight gain occurred at 600 and 800 °C for 5 h. Weight loss occurred for the raw samples and those processed at 800 °C for 20 and 50 h, where the oxide layer flaked off. Surface hardness increased upon hot corrosion testing because of the formation of brittle phases, such as TiO2 and Na4Ti5O12. Samples that oxidized at 800 °C for 5 h had the highest hardness and corrosion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathy S Ahmed
- Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies, Cairo, Egypt
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Perumal G, Grewal HS, Pole M, Reddy LVK, Mukherjee S, Singh H, Manivasagam G, Arora HS. Enhanced Biocorrosion Resistance and Cellular Response of a Dual-Phase High Entropy Alloy through Reduced Elemental Heterogeneity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1233-1244. [PMID: 35019324 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The leaching out of toxic elements from metallic bioimplants has serious repercussions, including allergies, peripheral neuritis, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, leading to revision or replacement surgeries. The development of advanced structural materials with excellent biocompatibility and superior corrosion resistance in the physiological environment holds great significance. High entropy alloys (HEAs) with a huge compositional design space and outstanding mechanical and functional properties can be promising for bioimplant applications. However, microstructural heterogeneity arising from elemental segregation in these multiprinciple alloy systems is the Achilles heel in the development of next-generation HEAs. Here, we demonstrate a pathway to homogenize the microstructure of a biocompatible dual-phase HEA, comprising refractory elements, namely, MoNbTaTiZr, through severe surface deformation using stationary friction processing (SFP). The strain and temperature field during processing homogenized the elemental distribution, which was otherwise unresponsive to conventional annealing treatments. Nearly 15 min of the SFP treatment resulted in a significant elemental homogenization across dendritic and interdendritic regions, similar to a week-long annealing treatment at 1275 K. The SFP processed alloy showed a nearly six times higher biocorrosion resistance compared to its as-cast counterpart. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the nature of the oxide layer formed on the specimens. Superior corrosion behavior of the processed alloy was attributed to the formation of a stable passive layer with zirconium oxide as the primary constituent and higher hydrophobicity. Biocompatibility studies performed using the human mesenchymal stem cell line, showed higher viability for the processed HEA compared to its as-cast counterpart as well as conventional metallic biomaterials including stainless steel (SS316L) and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Perumal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Harpreet Singh Grewal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Mayur Pole
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - L Vinod Kumar Reddy
- Centre for BioMaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranautics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sundeep Mukherjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Geetha Manivasagam
- Centre for BioMaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranautics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Harpreet Singh Arora
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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Corrosion and Tensile Behaviors of Ti-4Al-2V-1Mo-1Fe and Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloys. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), immersion, electrochemical, and tensile tests were employed to analyze the phase constitution, microstructure, corrosion behaviors, and tensile properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy and a newly-developed low cost titanium alloy Ti-4Al-2V-1Mo-1Fe. The results showed that both the Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-4Al-2V-1Mo-1Fe alloys were composed of α and β phases. The volume fractions of β phase for these two alloys were 7.4% and 47.3%, respectively. The mass losses after 180-day immersion tests in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution of these alloys were negligible. The corrosion resistance of the Ti-4Al-2V-1Mo-1Fe alloy was higher than that of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The tensile tests showed that the Ti-4Al-2V-1Mo-1Fe alloy presented a slightly higher strength but a lower ductility compared to the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
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Sasikumar Y, Indira K, Rajendran N. Surface Modification Methods for Titanium and Its Alloys and Their Corrosion Behavior in Biological Environment: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40735-019-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mohan L, Anandan C, Grips VKW. Investigation of electrochemical behavior of nitrogen implanted Ti-15Mo-3Nb-3Al alloy in Hank's solution. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:623-33. [PMID: 23242767 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Titanium alloy Ti-15-3-3 (Beta-21S) was implanted with nitrogen ions by plasma immersion ion implantation at 700, 750 and 800 °C. Micro Raman and XPS results confirm the formation of nitrides after implantation. Corrosion current density (icorr) of the treated samples in simulated body fluid (Hank's solution) is higher than that of the substrate. Treated samples also exhibit lower charge transfer resistance and higher double layer capacitance as compared to that of substrate in electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies. However, no corrosion related effects are observed after 28 days of immersion in SBF. EDS results show the presence of oxygen after corrosion studies. XPS spectra from the implanted samples show the presence of nitride and oxynitride on the surface and formation of oxide due to corrosion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mohan
- Surface Engineering Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Ciobanu G, Ciobanu O. Investigation on the effect of collagen and vitamins on biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating formation on titanium surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 33:1683-8. [PMID: 23827624 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study uses an in vitro experimental approach to investigate the roles of collagen and vitamins in regulating the deposition of hydroxyapatite layer on the pure titanium surface. Titanium implants were coated with a hydroxyapatite layer under biomimetic conditions by using a supersaturated calcification solution (SCS), modified by adding vitamins A and D3, and collagen. The hydroxyapatite deposits on titanium were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results obtained have shown that hydroxyapatite coatings were produced in vitro under vitamins and collagen influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ciobanu
- Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Prof. dr. docent Dimitrie Mangeron Rd., no. 63, zip: 700050, Iasi, Romania.
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Hydroxyapatite coating on selectively passivated and sensitively polymer-protected surgical grade stainless steel. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-012-0508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Karthega M, Nagarajan S, Rajendran N. In vitro studies of hydrogen peroxide treated titanium for biomedical applications. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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