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Stanculescu A, Socol M, Rasoga O, Breazu C, Preda N, Stanculescu F, Socol G, Vacareanu L, Girtan M, Doroshkevich AS. Arylenevinylene Oligomer-Based Heterostructures on Flexible AZO Electrodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7688. [PMID: 34947285 PMCID: PMC8709386 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the optical and electrical properties of flexible single and bi-layer organic heterostructures prepared by vacuum evaporation with a p-type layer of arylenevinylene oligomers, based on carbazole, 3,3' bis(N hexylcarbazole)vinylbenzene = L13, or triphenylamine, 1,4 bis [4 (N,N' diphenylamino)phenylvinyl] benzene = L78, and an n-type layer of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyrydil)21H,23H-porphyne = TPyP. Transparent conductor films of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) with high transparency, >90% for wavelengths > 400 nm, and low resistivity, between 6.9 × 10-4 Ω·cm and 23 × 10-4 Ω·cm, were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on flexible substrates of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The properties of the heterostructures based on oligomers and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) were compared, emphasizing the effect of the surface morphology. The measurements revealed a good absorption in the visible range of the PET/AZO/arylenevinylene oligomer/TPyP heterostructures and a typical injection contact behavior with linear (ZnPc, L78) or non-linear (L13) J-V characteristics in the dark, at voltages < 0.4 V. The heterostructure PET/AZO/L78/TPyP/Al showed a current density of ~1 mA/cm2 at a voltage of 0.3 V. The correlation between the roughness exponent, evaluated from the height-height correlation function, grain shape, and electrical behavior was analyzed. Consequently, the oligomer based on triphenylamine could be a promising replacement of donor ZnPc in flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Stanculescu
- Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (O.R.); (C.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Marcela Socol
- Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (O.R.); (C.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Oana Rasoga
- Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (O.R.); (C.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Carmen Breazu
- Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (O.R.); (C.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicoleta Preda
- Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (O.R.); (C.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Florin Stanculescu
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Socol
- Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Loredana Vacareanu
- Electroactive Polymers and Plasmochemistry, P. Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Girtan
- Laboratoire LPHIA, Université d’Angers, LUNAM 2, Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France;
| | - Aleksandr S. Doroshkevich
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie Str., 141980 Dubna, Russia;
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Chaudhry S, Wu Y, Cao Z, Li S, Canada JL, Gu X, Risko C, Mei J. Evolution of Chain Dynamics and Oxidation States with Increasing Chain Length for a Donor–Acceptor-Conjugated Oligomer Series. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Chaudhry
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yukun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jodie L. Canada
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Slobodinyuk DG, Shklyaeva EV, Abashev GG. Electrochemical oxidation of asymmetric chalcones containing two terminal electroactive moieties. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-020-01434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Joseph V, Justin Thomas KR, Yang WY, Kumar Yadav RA, Kumar Dubey D, Jou JH. Tetra-substituted Dipolar Carbazoles: Tuning Optical and Electroluminescence Properties by Linkage Variation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vellaichamy Joseph
- Organic Materials Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - Wan Yun Yang
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Rohit Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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Leung MY, Leung SYL, Wu D, Yu T, Yam VWW. Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Photophysical Studies of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Complexes with D-π-A-π-D Type Ligands and Their Application Studies as Organic Memories. Chemistry 2016; 22:14013-14021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
| | - Sammual Yu-Lut Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
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Phenylethynylene-substituted poly(triphenylamine vinylene): Post-modification synthesis and (spectro)electrochemical properties. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ivan T, Vacareanu L, Grigoras M. Linear and hyperbranched triphenylamine-based polyarylenevinylenes: a comparative optoelectronic study. Des Monomers Polym 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2013.840495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teofilia Ivan
- Electroactive Polymers Department, “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487, Romania
| | - Loredana Vacareanu
- Electroactive Polymers Department, “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487, Romania
| | - Mircea Grigoras
- Electroactive Polymers Department, “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487, Romania
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Yu T, Tsang DPK, Au VKM, Lam WH, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Deep Red to Near-Infrared Emitting Rhenium(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemistry, Photophysics, and Electroluminescence Studies. Chemistry 2013; 19:13418-27. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Bhalla V, Singh G, Kumar M, Singh C, Rawat M, Anand RS. Carbazole-based linear conjugated molecules: structure–property relationships and device properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Ivan T, Vacareanu L, Grigoras M. Synthesis and optoelectronic characterization of some star-shaped oligomers with benzene and triphenylamine cores. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:976178. [PMID: 24052859 PMCID: PMC3767318 DOI: 10.5402/2012/976178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Six star-shaped oligomers containing triphenylamine (D1-D3) and benzene unit (D4-D6) as cores have been synthesized by Wittig condensation or Heck coupling reaction using aromatic aldehydes and triphenylphosphonium salts or aromatic halogenated compounds with vinyl triphenylamine. All oligomers have well-defined molecular structure and high purity. Characterization of the oligomers was made by FT-IR, (1)H-NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The cyclic voltammograms have revealed that oligomers undergo quasireversible or irreversible redox processes. The irreversible process is associated with electrochemical polymerization of oligomers by dimerization of unsubstituted triphenylamine groups. Thermal characterization was accomplished by TGA and DSC methods and evidenced that all oligomers were stable materials until 250°C and have formed stable molecular glasses after first heating scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofilia Ivan
- Electroactive Polymers Department, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Loredana Vacareanu
- Electroactive Polymers Department, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Grigoras
- Electroactive Polymers Department, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Vacareanu L, Ivan T, Grigoras M. New symmetrical conjugated thiophene-azomethines containing triphenylamine or carbazole units: Synthesis, thermal and optoelectrochemical properties. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008312450595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New oligo- and poly(azomethine)s containing 3,4-dicyanothiophene and triphenylamine or carbazole units were synthesized under condensation reaction conditions. Although the different amino group reactivity, a one-pot synthesis of symmetric conjugated oligoazomethines was possible by judicious choice of solvent and careful control of reagent stoichiometry. Different polycondensation strategies (in solution and bulk polymerization reactions) were applied in order to obtain soluble oligoazomethines and poly(azomethine)s. Their expected chemical structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) characterization techniques. Electronic properties of the synthesized oligoazomethines were investigated in different solvents, using UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and these revealed that there is a slight dependency between the solvent polarity and absorption wavelength, while the emissions peaks are shifted at higher wavelength with increasing the solvent polarity. The thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a high thermal stability up to 350 °C and no glass transition temperature. Having in their structure electroactive sites, i.e., carbazole and triphenylamine units, cyclic voltammetry technique was used to investigate the oxido-reduction behavior and to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Vacareanu
- ‘Petru Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Electroactive Polymers Department, Iasi, Romania
| | - Teofilia Ivan
- ‘Petru Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Electroactive Polymers Department, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Grigoras
- ‘Petru Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Electroactive Polymers Department, Iasi, Romania
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12
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Vacareanu L, Grigoras M. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of new linear conjugated arylamine copolymers. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008310395413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
New conjugated copolymers having linear structures were synthesized by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of bis(4-bromophenyl)phenylamine or 4-hydroxymethyl-N,N’-bis(4-bromophenyl)aniline and two bisboronic acids of fluorene or thiophene. The copolymers were obtained as fully or partially soluble materials, in chlorinated and aprotic polar solvents. Having a hydroxymethyl group attached to the para position of the triphenylamine units, the synthesized copolymers can be viewed as functional polymers which were transformed into new ones by employing suitable chemical reactions. A new copolymer was obtained by coupling the hydroxymethyl group of triphenylamine of P35 copolymer, with phenyl isocyanate. The chemical structures and the properties of copolymers were investigated by spectroscopic methods such as 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry was performed in order to obtain information about the electrochemical stability and reversibility of the redox processes of copolymers. Electrochemical studies were carried out on films cast on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) or In-Tin oxide (ITO) glass-coated electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Vacareanu
- Petru Poni, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Electroactive Polymers Department, Iasi, Romania,
| | - Mircea Grigoras
- Petru Poni, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Electroactive Polymers Department, Iasi, Romania
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