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Murphy O, Haji MN. A review of technologies for direct lithium extraction from low Li+ concentration aqueous solutions. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1008680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the Paris Agreement, established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, many countries have agreed to transition their energy sources and technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to levels concordant with the 1.5°C warming goal. Lithium (Li) is critical to this transition due to its use in nuclear fusion as well as in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries used for energy storage for electric vehicles and renewable energy harvesting systems. As a result, the global demand for Li is expected to reach 5.11 Mt by 2050. At this consumption rate, the Li reserves on land are expected to be depleted by 2080. In addition to spodumene and lepidolite ores, Li is present in seawater, and salt-lake brines as dissolved Li+ ions. Li recovery from aqueous solutions such as these are a potential solution to limited terrestrial reserves. The present work reviews the advantages and challenges of a variety of technologies for Li recovery from aqueous solutions, including precipitants, solvent extractants, Li-ion sieves, Li-ion-imprinted membranes, battery-based electrochemical systems, and electro-membrane-based electrochemical systems. The techno-economic feasibility and key performance parameters of each technology, such as the Li+ capacity, selectivity, separation efficiency, recovery, regeneration, cyclical stability, thermal stability, environmental durability, product quality, extraction time, and energy consumption are highlighted when available. Excluding precipitation and solvent extraction, these technologies demonstrate a high potential for sustainable Li+ extraction from low Li+ concentration aqueous solutions or seawater. However, further research and development will be required to scale these technologies from benchtop experiments to industrial applications. The development of optimized materials and synthesis methods that improve the Li+ selectivity, separation efficiency, chemical stability, lifetime, and Li+ recovery should be prioritized. Additionally, techno-economic and life cycle analyses are needed for a more critical evaluation of these extraction technologies for large-scale Li production. Such assessments will further elucidate the climate impact, energy demand, capital costs, operational costs, productivity, potential return on investment, and other key feasibility factors. It is anticipated that this review will provide a solid foundation for future research commercialization efforts to sustainably meet the growing demand for Li as the world transitions to clean energy.
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Enhancing Lithium Manganese Oxide Electrochemical Behavior by Doping and Surface Modifications. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lithium manganese oxide is regarded as a capable cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, but it suffers from relative low conductivity, manganese dissolution in electrolyte and structural distortion from cubic to tetragonal during elevated temperature tests. This review covers a comprehensive study about the main directions taken into consideration to supress the drawbacks of lithium manganese oxide: structure doping and surface modification by coating. Regarding the doping of LiMn2O4, several perspectives are studied, which include doping with single or multiple cations, only anions and combined doping with cations and anions. Surface modification approach consists in coating with different materials like carbonaceous compounds, oxides, phosphates and solid electrolyte solutions. The modified lithium manganese oxide performs better than pristine samples, showing improved cyclability, better behaviour at high discharge c-rates and elevated temperate and improves lithium ions diffusion coefficient.
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Huang Y, Yang Q, Li X, Huang Z, Zhi C. Voltage issue of aqueous rechargeable metal-ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:180-232. [PMID: 31781706 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00131j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, a series of aqueous rechargeable metal-ion batteries (ARMBs) have been developed, aiming at improving safety, environmental friendliness and cost-efficiency in fields of consumer electronics, electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage. However, the notable gap between ARMBs and their organic counterparts in energy density directly hinders their practical applications, making it difficult to replace current widely-used organic lithium-ion batteries. Basically, this huge gap in energy density originates from cell voltage, as the narrow electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes substantially confines the choice of electrode materials. This review highlights various ARMBs with focuses on their voltage characteristics and strategies that can effectively raise battery voltage. It begins with the discussion on the fundamental factor that limits the voltage of ARMBs, i.e., electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes, which decides the maximum-allowed potential difference between cathode and anode. The following section introduces various ARMB systems and compares their voltage characteristics in midpoint voltage and plateau voltage, in relation to respective electrode materials. Subsequently, various strategies paving the way to high-voltage ARMBs are summarized, with corresponding advancements highlighted. The final section presents potential directions for further improvements and future perspectives of this thriving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Gu H, Wang G, Zhu C, Hu Y, Zhang X, Wen W, Yang X, Wang B, Gao X, Zhan X, Li J, Ma ZF, He Q. Correlating cycle performance improvement and structural alleviation in LiMn2-xMxO4 spinel cathode materials: A systematic study on the effects of metal-ion doping. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Normakhmedov OO, Brylev OA, Petukhov DI, Kurilenko KA, Kulova TL, Tuseeva EK, Skundin AM. Cryochemically Processed Li 1+yMn 1.95Ni 0.025Co 0.025O₄ (y = 0, 0.1) Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071162. [PMID: 29986536 PMCID: PMC6073328 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new route for the preparation of nickel and cobalt substituted spinel cathode materials (LiMn1.95Co0.025Ni0.025O4 and Li1.1Mn1.95Co0.025Ni0.025O4) by freeze-drying of acetate precursors followed by heat treatment was suggested in the present work. The experimental conditions for the preparation single-phase material with small particle size were optimized. Single-phase spinel was formed by low-temperature annealing at 700 °C. For discharge rate 0.2 C, the reversible capacities 109 and 112 mAh g−1 were obtained for LiMn1.95Co0.025Ni0.025O4 and Li1.1Mn1.95Co0.025Ni0.025O4, respectively. A good cycle performance and capacity retention about 90% after 30 cycles at discharge rate 0.2–4 C were observed for the materials cycled from 3 to 4.6 V vs. Li/Li+. Under the same conditions pure LiMn2O4 cathode materials represent a reversible capacity 94 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention about 80%. Two independent experimental techniques (cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) were used in order to investigate the diffusion kinetics of lithium. This study shows that the partial substitution of Mn in LiMn2O4 with small amounts of Ni and Co allows the cyclability and the performance of LiMn2O4-based cathode materials to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofok O Normakhmedov
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- S.U. Umarov Physical and Technical Institute, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Tajikistan, Aini street 299, Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan.
| | - Oleg A Brylev
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii I Petukhov
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Kurilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Tatiana L Kulova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31-4 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Elena K Tuseeva
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31-4 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Alexander M Skundin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31-4 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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Zhang Y, Dong P, Zhang M, Sun X, Yu X, Song J, Meng Q, Li X, Zhang Y. Combustion combined with ball milling to produce nanoscale La2O3 coated on LiMn2O4 for optimized Li-ion storage performance at high temperature. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-017-1136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Improved cyclic stability by octahedral Co 3+ substitution in spinel lithium manganese oxide thin-film cathode for rechargeable microbattery. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ge Q, Wang D, Li F, Chen D, Ping G, Fan M, Qin L, Bai L, Tian G, Lv C, Shu K. Enhanced cycling stability of spinel LiMn2O4 cathode by incorporating graphene sheets. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193515020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhan D, Liang Y, Cui P, Xiao Z. Al-doped LiMn2O4 single crystalline nanorods with enhanced elevated-temperature electrochemical performance via a template-engaged method as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly crystalline Al-doped LiMn2O4 nanorods shows capacity retention ratio of 70% with 3 C current rate at 50 °C, maintaining the spinel structure and the nanorod morphology with highly crystallinity after 500 discharge/charge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science
- Hubei University of Arts and Science
- Xiangyang
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science
- Hubei University of Arts and Science
- Xiangyang
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science
- Hubei University of Arts and Science
- Xiangyang
- P. R. China
| | - Zuoan Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science
- Hubei University of Arts and Science
- Xiangyang
- P. R. China
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Kim H, Hong J, Park KY, Kim H, Kim SW, Kang K. Aqueous rechargeable Li and Na ion batteries. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11788-827. [PMID: 25211308 DOI: 10.1021/cr500232y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haegyeom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University , Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Guo D, Li B, Chang Z, Tang H, Xu X, Chang K, Shangguan E, Yuan XZ, Wang H. Facile synthesis of LiAl0.1Mn1.9O4 as cathode material for lithium ion batteries: towards rate and cycling capabilities at an elevated temperature. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effect of MgF2 coating on the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 cathode materials. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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