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Liu J, Du Z, Peng Y, Jia R, Han X, Ma M, Li T. Study on the Microstructure of Mg-4Zn-4Sn-1Mn-xAl As-Cast Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6979. [PMID: 37959576 PMCID: PMC10649767 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the microstructure of the Mg-4Zn-4Sn-1Mn-xAl (x = 0, 0.3 wt.%, denoted as ZTM441 and ZTM441-0.3Al) as-cast alloys was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused-ion/electron-beam (FIB) micromachining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The analysis results revealed that the microstructure of the ZTM441 and ZTM441-0.3Al as-cast alloys both mainly consist of the α-Mg matrix, skeleton-shaped MgZn2 eutectic texture, block-shaped Mg2Sn, and Zn/Sn-rich nanoscale precipitate bands along the grain boundary and the interdendrite. Nanoscale α-Mn dispersoids formed in the grain in the ZTM441 alloy, while no α-Mn formed in the ZTM441-0.3Al alloy instead of nanoscale Al3Mn2 particles. In the ZTM441 as-cast alloy, part of the Zn element is dissolved into the α-Mn phase, and part of the Mn element is dissolved into the MgZn2 phase, but in the ZTM441-0.3Al alloy, there are no such characteristics of mutual solubility. Zn and Mn elements are easy to combine in ZTM441 as-cast alloy, while Al and Mn are easy to combine in ZTM441-0.3Al as-cast alloy. The Mg-Zn phases have not only MgZn2-type crystal structure but also Mg4Zn7- and Mg149Zn-type crystal structure in the ZTM441-0.3Al as-cast alloy. The addition of Al changes the combination of Mn and Zn, promotes the formation of Al3Mn2, and the growth of the grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Liu
- China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., National Center of Analysis and Testing for Non-Ferrous Metals & Electronic Materials, Beijing 100088, China; (J.L.); (Y.P.); (X.H.); (M.M.); (T.L.)
- Guobiao (Beijing) Testing & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
- China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
| | - Zhiwei Du
- China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., National Center of Analysis and Testing for Non-Ferrous Metals & Electronic Materials, Beijing 100088, China; (J.L.); (Y.P.); (X.H.); (M.M.); (T.L.)
- Guobiao (Beijing) Testing & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
- China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
| | - Yonggang Peng
- China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., National Center of Analysis and Testing for Non-Ferrous Metals & Electronic Materials, Beijing 100088, China; (J.L.); (Y.P.); (X.H.); (M.M.); (T.L.)
- Guobiao (Beijing) Testing & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
- China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
| | - Rongguang Jia
- China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., National Center of Analysis and Testing for Non-Ferrous Metals & Electronic Materials, Beijing 100088, China; (J.L.); (Y.P.); (X.H.); (M.M.); (T.L.)
- Guobiao (Beijing) Testing & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
- China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., National Center of Analysis and Testing for Non-Ferrous Metals & Electronic Materials, Beijing 100088, China; (J.L.); (Y.P.); (X.H.); (M.M.); (T.L.)
- Guobiao (Beijing) Testing & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
- China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
| | - Minglong Ma
- China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., National Center of Analysis and Testing for Non-Ferrous Metals & Electronic Materials, Beijing 100088, China; (J.L.); (Y.P.); (X.H.); (M.M.); (T.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Ferrous Metals & Processes, GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Ting Li
- China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., National Center of Analysis and Testing for Non-Ferrous Metals & Electronic Materials, Beijing 100088, China; (J.L.); (Y.P.); (X.H.); (M.M.); (T.L.)
- Guobiao (Beijing) Testing & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
- China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 110407, China
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Petrova E, Serdechnova M, Shulha T, Lamaka SV, Wieland DCF, Karlova P, Blawert C, Starykevich M, Zheludkevich ML. Use of synergistic mixture of chelating agents for in situ LDH growth on the surface of PEO-treated AZ91. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8645. [PMID: 32457477 PMCID: PMC7250903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal possibility to grow layered double hydroxide (LDH) at ambient pressure on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treated magnesium alloy AZ91 in the presence of chelating agents is demonstrated for the first time. It avoids hydrothermal autoclave conditions, which strongly limit wide industrial application of such coating systems, and the presence of carbonate ions in the electrolyte, which lead to the formation of "passive" non-functionalizable LDH. A combination of chelating agents (sodium diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate (DTPA) and salicylate) were introduced to the treatment solution. The role of each additive and the influence of treatment bath composition on the LDH formation processes are discussed. A synergistic effect of DTPA and salicylate during LDH formation is discovered and its possible explanation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Petrova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Avenue 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
- MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straβe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - M Serdechnova
- MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straβe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - T Shulha
- MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straβe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - S V Lamaka
- MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straβe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - D C F Wieland
- MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straβe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - P Karlova
- MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straβe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - C Blawert
- MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straβe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - M Starykevich
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M L Zheludkevich
- MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straβe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
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Rokosz K, Hryniewicz T, Gaiaschi S, Chapon P, Raaen S, Matýsek D, Dudek Ł, Pietrzak K. Novel Porous Phosphorus⁻Calcium⁻Magnesium Coatings on Titanium with Copper or Zinc Obtained by DC Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation: Fabrication and Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1680. [PMID: 30208598 PMCID: PMC6164096 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the characteristics of new porous coatings fabricated at three voltages in electrolytes based on H₃PO₄ with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, and copper(II) nitrate trihydrate are presented. The SEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and XRD techniques for coating identification were used. It was found that the higher the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) (micro arc oxidation (MAO)) voltage, the thicker the porous coating with higher amounts of built-in elements coming from the electrolyte and more amorphous phase with signals from crystalline Ca(H₂PO₄)₂∙H₂O and/or Ti(HPO₄)₂∙H₂O. Additionally, the external parts of the obtained porous coatings formed on titanium consisted mainly of Ti4+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO₄3-, HPO₄2-, H₂PO₄-, P₂O₇4- as well as Zn2+ or copper Cu⁺/Cu2+. The surface should be characterized by high biocompatibility, due to the presence of structures based on calcium and phosphates, and have bactericidal properties, due to the presence of zinc and copper ions. Furthermore, the addition of magnesium ions should accelerate the healing of postoperative wounds, which could lead to faster patient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Rokosz
- Division of BioEngineering and Surface Electrochemistry, Department of Engineering and Informatics Systems, Koszalin University of Technology, Racławicka 15-17, PL 75-620 Koszalin, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Hryniewicz
- Division of BioEngineering and Surface Electrochemistry, Department of Engineering and Informatics Systems, Koszalin University of Technology, Racławicka 15-17, PL 75-620 Koszalin, Poland.
| | - Sofia Gaiaschi
- HORIBA FRANCE S.A.S., Avenue de la Vauve, Passage Jobin Yvon, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Patrick Chapon
- HORIBA FRANCE S.A.S., Avenue de la Vauve, Passage Jobin Yvon, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Steinar Raaen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Realfagbygget E3-124 Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 NO Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Dalibor Matýsek
- Institute of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Łukasz Dudek
- Division of BioEngineering and Surface Electrochemistry, Department of Engineering and Informatics Systems, Koszalin University of Technology, Racławicka 15-17, PL 75-620 Koszalin, Poland.
| | - Kornel Pietrzak
- Division of BioEngineering and Surface Electrochemistry, Department of Engineering and Informatics Systems, Koszalin University of Technology, Racławicka 15-17, PL 75-620 Koszalin, Poland.
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Tribocorrosion Properties of PEO Coatings Produced on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy with Silicate- or Phosphate-Based Electrolytes. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8060202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rizwan M, Alias R, Zaidi UZ, Mahmoodian R, Hamdi M. Surface modification of valve metals using plasma electrolytic oxidation for antibacterial applications: A review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:590-605. [PMID: 28975693 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an advance technique to develop porous oxidation layer on light metals, primarily to enhance corrosion and wear resistance. The oxidation layer can also offer a wide variety of mechanical, biomedical, tribological, and antibacterial properties through the incorporation of several ions and particles. Due to the increasing need of antimicrobial surfaces for biomedical implants, antibacterial PEO coatings have been developed through the incorporation of antibacterial agents. Metallic nanoparticles that have been employed most widely as antibacterial agents are reported to demonstrate serious health and environmental threats. To overcome the current limitations of these coatings, there is a significant need to develop antibacterial surfaces that are not harmful for patient's health and environment. Attention of the readers has been directed to utilize bioactive glasses as antibacterial agents for PEO coatings. Bioactive glasses are well known for their excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial character. PEO coatings incorporated with bioactive glasses can provide environment-friendly antimicrobial surfaces with exceptional bioactivity, biocompatibility, and osseointegration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 590-605, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rodianah Alias
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Innovative Design and Technology, University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UNISZA), Kuala Terengganu, 21030, Malaysia
| | - Umi Zhalilah Zaidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Reza Mahmoodian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Research and Development, Azarin Kar Ind. Co., Industrial Park 1, Kerman, 7635168361, Iran
| | - Mohd Hamdi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Corrosion properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated AA7075 treated using an electrolyte containing lanthanum-salts. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Liu C, Liang J, Zhou J, Li Q, Peng Z, Wang L. Corrosion behaviour of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated AZ91 Mg alloy: influence of laser surface melting pretreatment. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17481g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was performed on a laser surface melting (LSM) modified AZ91 Mg alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic China
| | - Jun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic China
| | - Zhenjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic China
| | - Lingqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic China
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