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Moll K, De Luca M, Landerl K, Banfi C, Zoccolotti P. Editorial: Interpreting the Comorbidity of Learning Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:811101. [PMID: 34955796 PMCID: PMC8696180 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.811101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria De Luca
- Developmental Dyslexia Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Karin Landerl
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chiara Banfi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Pierluigi Zoccolotti
- Developmental Dyslexia Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Downing C, Caravolas M. Prevalence and Cognitive Profiles of Children With Comorbid Literacy and Motor Disorders. Front Psychol 2020; 11:573580. [PMID: 33362640 PMCID: PMC7759613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.573580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of comorbidity between neurodevelopmental disorders. Contemporary research of these comorbidities has led to the development of multifactorial theories of causation, including the multiple deficit model (MDM). While several combinations of disorders have been investigated, the nature of association between literacy and motor disorders remains poorly understood. Comorbid literacy and motor disorders were the focus of the two present studies. In Study 1, we examined the prevalence of comorbid literacy and motor difficulties relative to isolated literacy and motor difficulties in a community sample (N = 605). The prevalence of comorbidity was five times greater than expected by chance alone, implying some relationship between difficulties. In Study 2, we examined the cognitive profiles of children with literacy and motor disorders amongst a subsample of children from Study 1 (N = 153). Children with literacy disorder had deficits in phonological processing, selective attention, and memory whilst children with motor disorder had deficits in visuospatial processing and memory, suggesting the disorders should be considered to have both independent and shared (memory) cognitive risk factors. Children with comorbid literacy and motor disorder demonstrated an additive combination of these deficits. Together, these findings are consistent with predictions from the MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Downing
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom.,Miles Dyslexia Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom.,Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Markéta Caravolas
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom.,Miles Dyslexia Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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Berger SE, Harbourne RT, Horger MN. Cognition-Action Trade-Offs Reflect Organization of Attention in Infancy. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 54:45-86. [PMID: 29455866 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This chapter discusses what cognition-action trade-offs in infancy reveal about the organization and developmental trajectory of attention. We focus on internal attention because this aspect is most relevant to the immediate concerns of infancy, such as fluctuating levels of expertise, balancing multiple taxing skills simultaneously, learning how to control attention under variable conditions, and coordinating distinct psychological domains. Cognition-action trade-offs observed across the life span include perseveration during skill emergence, errors and inefficient strategies during decision making, and the allocation of resources when attention is taxed. An embodied cognitive-load account interprets these behavioral patterns as a result of limited attentional resources allocated across simultaneous, taxing task demands. For populations where motor errors could be costly, like infants and the elderly, attention is typically devoted to motor demands with errors occurring in the cognitive domain. In contrast, healthy young adults tend to preserve their cognitive performance by modifying their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Berger
- The College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Regina T Harbourne
- John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Melissa N Horger
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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TDAH et comorbidités en pédopsychiatrie. Pathologies psychiatriques, affections médicales, troubles de l’apprentissage et de la coordination. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Missiuna C, Cairney J, Pollock N, Campbell W, Russell DJ, Macdonald K, Schmidt L, Heath N, Veldhuizen S, Cousins M. Psychological distress in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:1198-1207. [PMID: 24559609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored whether or not a population-based sample of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), with and without comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), experienced higher levels of psychological distress than their peers. A two-stage procedure was used to identify 244 children: 68 with DCD only, 54 with ADHD only, 31 with comorbid DCD and ADHD, and 91 randomly selected typically developing (TD) children. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured by child and parent report. Child sex and caregiver ethnicity differed across groups, with a higher ratio of boys to girls in the ADHD only group and a slightly higher proportion of non-Caucasian caregivers in the TD group. After controlling for age, sex, and caregiver ethnicity, there was significant variation across groups in both anxiety (by parent report, F(3,235)=8.9, p<0.001; by child report, F(3,236)=5.6, p=0.001) and depression (parent report, F(3,236)=23.7, p<0.001; child report, F(3,238)=9.9, p<0.001). In general, children in all three disorder groups had significantly higher levels of symptoms than TD children, but most pairwise differences among those three groups were not significant. The one exception was the higher level of depressive symptoms noted by parent report in the ADHD/DCD group. In conclusion, children identified on the basis of motor coordination problems through a population-based screen showed significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than typically developing children. Children who have both DCD and ADHD are particularly at heightened risk of psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Missiuna
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; CanChild, Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - John Cairney
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; CanChild, Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nancy Pollock
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; CanChild, Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Wenonah Campbell
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; CanChild, Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dianne J Russell
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; CanChild, Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Nancy Heath
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Scott Veldhuizen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Martha Cousins
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; CanChild, Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Vuijk PJ, Hartman E, Mombarg R, Scherder E, Visscher C. Associations between academic and motor performance in a heterogeneous sample of children with learning disabilities. JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 2011; 44:276-282. [PMID: 21521869 DOI: 10.1177/0022219410378446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous sample of 137 school-aged children with learning disabilities (IQ > 80) attending special needs schools was examined on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). The results show that compared to the available norm scores, 52.6% of the children tested performed below the 15th percentile on manual dexterity, 40.9% on ball skills, and 33.7% on balance skills. Furthermore, after controlling for IQ, significant small to moderate partial correlations were found between spelling and mathematics and the MABC total score, as well as small to moderate correlations between mathematics and balance, between reading and ball skills, and between spelling and manual dexterity. The present findings are compared with previously reported results obtained in more homogenous groups, and based on the resultant relationships between academic performance and motor development, recommendations for future motor intervention studies are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Jelle Vuijk
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Crawford S, Dewey D. Co-occurring disorders: A possible key to visual perceptual deficits in children with developmental coordination disorder? Hum Mov Sci 2008; 27:154-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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