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Filkin S, Mojtahedi D, Willmott D. Motivations for adolescent offending and truancy from school: retrospective interviews with adults recently released from a custodial prison sentence in England. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09762. [PMID: 35785231 PMCID: PMC9243165 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Collins J, Horton K, Gale-St Ives E, Murphy G, Barnoux M. A Systematic Review of Autistic People and the Criminal Justice System: An Update of King and Murphy (2014). J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05590-3. [PMID: 35637365 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to determine whether recommendations made by King & Murphy (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 44:2717-2733, 2014) in their review of the evidence on autistic people in contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) have been addressed. Research published since 2013 was systematically examined and synthesised. The quality of 47 papers was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings suggest a limited amount of good quality research has been conducted that has focused on improving our understanding of autistic people in contact with the CJS since 2013. Methodological limitations make direct comparisons between autistic and non-autistic offenders difficult. Autistic people commit a range of crimes and appear to have unique characteristics that warrant further exploration (i.e., vulnerabilities, motivations for offending).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Collins
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK.
| | - K Horton
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK
| | - E Gale-St Ives
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK
| | - G Murphy
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK
| | - M Barnoux
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK
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Chinese College Students' Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Social Distance from Individuals with ASD: The Mediating Role of Negative Stereotypes. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:3676-3685. [PMID: 34453227 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether negative stereotypes are responsible for the effect of ASD knowledge on social distance from individuals with ASD among college students. A sample of 869 neurotypical Chinese college students completed a cross-sectional survey to assess social distance, ASD knowledge, and negative stereotypes. Pearson correlation analysis yielded significant correlations between social distance, ASD knowledge, and negative stereotypes. Multiple mediation analysis showed that negative stereotypes mediated the link between social distance and ASD knowledge. Specifically, greater ASD knowledge predicted reduced social distance through decreased stereotyping related to dangerousness, personal responsibility for the disorder, and discontinuity, but also predicted greater social distance through increased stereotyping related to social inappropriateness. The findings deepen our understanding of the association between ASD knowledge and social distance by revealing the mediating role of negative stereotypes, and provide information that can help improve anti-stigma initiatives in college settings.
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Gerlinger J, Viano S, Gardella JH, Fisher BW, Chris Curran F, Higgins EM. Exclusionary School Discipline and Delinquent Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:1493-1509. [PMID: 34117607 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Excluding students from school remains a common form of punishment despite growing critique of the practice. A disparate research base has impeded the ability to make broader assessments on the association between exclusionary discipline (i.e., suspensions and expulsions) and subsequent behavior. This article synthesizes existing empirical evidence (274 effect sizes from 40 primary studies) examining the relationship between exclusionary discipline and delinquent outcomes, including school misconduct/infractions, antisocial behavior, involvement with the justice system, and risky behaviors. This meta-analysis identifies exclusionary discipline as an important and meaningful predictor of increased delinquency. Additional examinations of potential moderators, including race/ethnicity and type of exclusion, revealed no significant differences, suggesting the harm associated with exclusions is consistent across subgroups. These findings indicate exclusionary discipline may inadvertently exacerbate rather than mollify delinquent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gerlinger
- Department of Sociology, University of Oklahoma, 780 Van Vleet Oval, Kaufman Hall, Norman, OK, 73019-2033, USA.
| | - Samantha Viano
- College of Education and Human Development, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS4c2, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Joseph H Gardella
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Stratton Hall, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin W Fisher
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, 112 S. Copeland Street, Eppes Hall, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-1273, USA
| | - F Chris Curran
- College of Education, University of Florida, 2709J Norman Hall, PO Box 117049, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ethan M Higgins
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601S. College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
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Yu Y, Bradley CC, Boan AD, Charles JM, Carpenter LA. Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Criminal Justice System. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:3624-3636. [PMID: 33386554 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study describes charges, outcomes, and recidivism in both the juvenile and adult criminal justice systems (CJS) for young adults aged 17 to 23 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 606). Results are compared to individuals with ID (n = 1271) and a population control group (n = 2973). About 3% of individuals with ASD were charged with at least one offense by the time they reached young adulthood. Few differences were found in CJS involvement across groups. Young adults with ASD were not over represented in the CJS in general, and were less likely to be involved in the adult justice system than their peers. They received similar charges and outcomes and were as likely to reoffend as their peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Catherine C Bradley
- Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Andrea D Boan
- Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jane M Charles
- Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Laura A Carpenter
- Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Lu MH, Pang FF, Luo J. Chinese Validation of the Multidimensional Attitude Scale toward Persons with Disabilities (MAS): Attitudes toward Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:3777-3789. [PMID: 32124142 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The literature on tools of attitudes towards ASD was limited. This study is the first to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the multidimensional attitudes scale toward persons with disabilities (MAS) in a sample of Chinese college students (N = 1002, 32.10% males). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the G-MAS-R model's 4-factor structure: calm, negative affect, positive cognitions and behavioral avoidance. The results suggest that the Chinese version of the MAS has satisfactory internal consistency. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the MAS scores were significantly correlated with the Social Distance Scale and Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire scores. Overall, the findings indicate that the MAS is appropriate for assessing attitudes toward people with ASD in a Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Lu
- Special Education Department, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fan Pang
- Special Education Department, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China. .,Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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