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Kissine M, Saint-Denis A, Mottron L. Language acquisition can be truly atypical in autism: Beyond joint attention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105384. [PMID: 37683987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Language profiles in autism are variable and atypical, with frequent speech onset delays, but also, in some cases, unusually steep growth of structural language skills. Joint attention is often seen as a major predictor of language in autism, even though low joint attention is a core characteristic of autism, independent of language levels. In this systematic review of 71 studies, we ask whether, in autism, joint attention predicts advanced or only early language skills, and whether it may be independent of language outcomes. We consider only conservative estimates, and flag studies that include heterogenous samples or no control for non-verbal cognition. Our review suggests that joint attention plays a pivotal role for the emergence of language, but is also consistent with the idea that some autistic children may acquire language independently of joint attention skills. We propose that language in autism should not necessarily be modelled as a quantitative or chronological deviation from typical language development, and outline directions to bring autistic individuals' atypicality within the focus of scientific inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kissine
- ACTE, LaDisco and ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Laurent Mottron
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology and Centre de Recherche du CIUSSS-NIM, Université de Montréal, Canada.
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Hedenius M, Hardiansyah I, Falck-Ytter T. Visual Global Processing and Subsequent Verbal and Non-Verbal Development: An EEG Study of Infants at Elevated versus Low Likelihood for Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3700-3709. [PMID: 35353335 PMCID: PMC10465659 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hedenius
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Speech-Language Pathology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 564, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, CAP Research Centre, Gävlegatan 22, 113 30, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Irzam Hardiansyah
- Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, CAP Research Centre, Gävlegatan 22, 113 30, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terje Falck-Ytter
- Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, CAP Research Centre, Gävlegatan 22, 113 30, Stockholm, Sweden
- Development and Neurodiversity Lab (DIVE), Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS), Uppsala, Sweden
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Tajik-Parvinchi D, Rosenbaum P, Hidecker MJC, Duku E, Zwaigenbaum L, Roncadin C, Georgiades S, Gentles S, Fang H, Di Rezze B. Construct Validity of the Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication (ACSF:SC) Across Childhood and Adolescence. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05608-w. [PMID: 35666330 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the construct validity of the Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication (ACSF). Participants included 145 parents of children with autism (2-19 years). The degree of convergent and discriminant validity between parent reported ACSF and subscales from Social Responsiveness Scale 2nd edition and Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd Edition were examined against a priori hypotheses. We examined construct validity in the entire sample as well as in specific age cohorts. Our findings suggest that ACSF can provide a valid classification system of social communication ability in children with autism 2-19 years of age, and its two subscales may be used to examine different aspects of social communication ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tajik-Parvinchi
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 436, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, McMaster University, Room 436, 1400 Main St. W, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Peter Rosenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 408, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Jo Cooley Hidecker
- Department of Communication Science & Disorders, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, 40508, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric Duku
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Faulty of Health Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, McMaster, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Autism Research Center, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Room E209, 10230 111 Avenue, T5G 0B7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Roncadin
- Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, 325 Wellington Street North, L8L 0A4, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MIP 201A, L8P 0A1, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Gentles
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, N2L 3C5, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanna Fang
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 436, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Briano Di Rezze
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 436, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Mundy P, Bullen J. The Bidirectional Social-Cognitive Mechanisms of the Social-Attention Symptoms of Autism. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:752274. [PMID: 35173636 PMCID: PMC8841840 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.752274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in social attention development begin to be apparent in the 6th to 12th month of development in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and theoretically reflect important elements of its neurodevelopmental endophenotype. This paper examines alternative conceptual views of these early social attention symptoms and hypotheses about the mechanisms involved in their development. One model emphasizes mechanism involved in the spontaneous allocation of attention to faces, or social orienting. Alternatively, another model emphasizes mechanisms involved in the coordination of attention with other people, or joint attention, and the socially bi-directional nature of its development. This model raises the possibility that atypical responses of children to the attention or the gaze of a social partner directed toward themselves may be as important in the development of social attention symptoms as differences in the development of social orienting. Another model holds that symptoms of social attention may be important to early development, but may not impact older individuals with ASD. The alterative model is that the social attention symptoms in infancy (social orienting and joint attention), and social cognitive symptoms in childhood and adulthood share common neurodevelopmental substrates. Therefore, differences in early social attention and later social cognition constitute a developmentally continuous axis of symptom presentation in ASD. However, symptoms in older individuals may be best measured with in vivo measures of efficiency of social attention and social cognition in social interactions rather than the accuracy of response on analog tests used in measures with younger children. Finally, a third model suggests that the social attention symptoms may not truly be a symptom of ASD. Rather, they may be best conceptualized as stemming from differences domain general attention and motivation mechanisms. The alternative argued for here that infant social attention symptoms meet all the criteria of a unique dimension of the phenotype of ASD and the bi-directional phenomena involved in social attention cannot be fully explained in terms of domain general aspects of attention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mundy
- Department of Learning and Mind Sciences, School of Education, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and The MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jenifer Bullen
- Department of Human Development, School of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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