1
|
Patty NJ, van Meeteren KM, Verdonk M, Ketelaar M, Schuengel C, Willemen AM. Conceptualizing burnout from the perspective of parents of children with complex care needs. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 5:100325. [PMID: 39161625 PMCID: PMC11332200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate how parents of children with complex care needs conceptualize burnout from the perspective of parents themselves. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 38 parents, selected for maximal variation in parental, child, and family characteristics. Inductive thematic analysis was employed. Results Burnout was conceptualized as encompassing three themes: having a reoccurring long-term nature, commencing with symptoms of stress progressing into exhaustion, and ending in a survival mode wherein parents worked hard to project an image of everything being well and under control (fighting) while distancing physically and emotionally from others and themselves (fleeing). Conclusion Burnout involves specific aspects of caregiving and parenting, such as long-term responsibility for the child, which cannot be relinquished. Furthermore, burnout may also be 'hidden': not always showing to the outside world, which requires extra attention and vigilance among parent's informal and formal networks. Awareness of the various interpretations of the term may foster constructive communication. Innovation Focusing on parents' individual experiences has illuminated new aspects of burnout. By purposively sampling a variety of parents of children with complex care needs, a broader understanding of the meaning of the term 'burnout' from the perspective of parents was achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie J.S. Patty
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Section Clinical and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Public Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karen M. van Meeteren
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Section Clinical and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- OuderInzicht, Kattegat 1, 1501 AJ Zaandam, the Netherlands
| | - Minke Verdonk
- OuderInzicht, Kattegat 1, 1501 AJ Zaandam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Ketelaar
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
- De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rembrandtkade 10, 3583 TM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Schuengel
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Section Clinical and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Public Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Agnes M. Willemen
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Section Clinical and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Public Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santiago CFG, Lelis DF, Ferreira GFS, Pinto AL, Caldeira IP, Ribeiro NG, Forechi L, Baldo TDOF, Baldo MP. Mental health in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study. Women Health 2024; 64:636-647. [PMID: 39155146 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2024.2392137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has placed a significant emotional and psychological burden on mothers. We explored the association between the severity of ASD symptoms in children and the mental health of their mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study included 1,924 mothers of children with ASD, enrolled in a web-based cross-sectional survey over 85 consecutive days to gather clinical and sociodemographic data. The severity of ASD symptoms was obtained according to the children's age. Using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) scale, we found that 35.8 percent of mothers experienced both anxiety and depression. A high education level and a high family income reduced the chance of concurrent anxiety and depression. Conversely, unemployment, a child using psychiatric medication, and higher severity of ASD symptoms increased the chance. Notably, the severity of the ASD symptom was the sole predictor of maternal co-occurring anxiety and depression across all age groups (<3 years aOR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.07-3.89; 3-5 years aOR = 2.76, 95%CI 1.67-4.56; ≥ 6 years aOR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.04-2.50). Recognizing the challenges associated with ASD leads to greater acceptance and tailored interventions, ultimately improving the overall well-being of both individuals with ASD and their mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César F G Santiago
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Deborah F Lelis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa L Pinto
- Department of Medicine, Centro Universitário UNIFIPMoc-Afya, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Isabella P Caldeira
- Department of Medicine, Centro Universitário UNIFIPMoc-Afya, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Natália G Ribeiro
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Ludimila Forechi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Thais de O Faria Baldo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Centro Universitário UNIFIPMoc-Afya, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P Baldo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Centro Universitário UNIFIPMoc-Afya, Montes Claros, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu S, Zhang L, Yi J, Liu S, Li D, Wu D, Yin H. The Relationship Between Parenting Stress and Parental Burnout Among Chinese Parents of Children with ASD: A Moderated Mediation Model. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1527-1537. [PMID: 36637590 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of resilience as a mediator and the place of residence as a moderator of parenting stress and parental burnout. The Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Parental Burnout Assessment, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were administered to 249 Chinese parents of children with ASD (M = 33.95 years, SD = 7.6). Results show that resilience partially mediates the relation between parenting stress and parental burnout. Besides, both the effect of parenting stress on parental burnout and the mediating effect of resilience are moderated by rural/urban residence. This study highlights parenting stress is a risk factor for parental burnout and resilience is the potential mechanism underlying this relation. These findings provide implications for family services for parents of children with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- School of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36, Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36, Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jintian Yi
- Shenzhen College of International Education, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Sige Liu
- School of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36, Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36, Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- School of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36, Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Huazhan Yin
- School of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36, Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boulton KA, Hodge A, Levu K, Ong N, Silove N, Guastella AJ. Access and barriers to supports for children and caregivers attending public child developmental assessment services: Findings from the Sydney child neurodevelopment research registry. Autism Res 2024; 17:555-567. [PMID: 38009266 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Families can spend years waiting for a developmental assessment. We sought to understand supports caregivers had accessed by the time of their child's first multi-disciplinary developmental assessment, the supports caregivers wanted, and the barriers caregivers reported to accessing these supports. We also sought to understand how government funding schemes (the National Disability Insurance Scheme) and sociodemographic factors influenced access to supports. Caregivers were emailed questionnaires on sociodemographic background and intervention history prior to their child's developmental assessment at a tertiary diagnostic and assessment service. Results from 202 caregivers showed most children were receiving less than 2 hours of support each week at assessment. The most common accessed supports were from general practitioners and pediatricians. Caregivers reported behavioral therapists (41%) and psychologists (29%) as the most desired but inaccessible child supports. Half of caregivers nominated a need for parenting interventions. The most frequent barriers to accessing child supports were wait lists, finance, and knowledge. Government funding improved access to the total number of services received (from 2.7 to 5.2 different services), but for disability specific services only (e.g., speech and occupational therapy). Results highlighted disparities for families without government funding, impacting certain groups (e.g., children over 7 years) and services (e.g., mental health). Socioeconomic disadvantage, parental separation, and, surprisingly, being from a non-culturally/linguistically diverse background were associated with fewer services and more barriers. Results highlight the need to facilitate access to supports for families to align with existing recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie A Boulton
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Antoinette Hodge
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Child Development Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kelera Levu
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Natalie Ong
- Child Development Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Natalie Silove
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Child Development Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Halki E, Kapiri M, Plakas S, Tsiou C, Govina O, Galanis P, Alikari V. Fatigue among Greek Parents of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: The Roles of Spirituality and Social Support. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:455. [PMID: 38391830 PMCID: PMC10887754 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The high demands of caring for and raising a child with autism spectrum disorder on a daily basis may lead parents to physical and mental fatigue. This study aimed to assess the effect of social support and spirituality on the fatigue of parents with children with autistic spectrum disorder. A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was conducted in Schools of Special Education in Attica (Greece). The sample consisted of 123 parents who completed The Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT Sp-12) to measure the levels of fatigue, social support, and spirituality, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the quantitative variables. To study the effect of social support and spirituality on fatigue, multivariable linear regression was applied. The mean age was 47.3 years old, 81.3% were women, and 38.9% stated "Close/Very close faith toward God". Higher levels of total MSPSS and FACIT Sp-12 were associated with lower total FAS (r = -0.50, p < 0.001 and r = -0.49, p < 0.001, respectively). Social support and spirituality were significant predictors of fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Halki
- Post Graduate Program "Management of Chronic Diseases- Neurosciences", Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kapiri
- Post Graduate Program "Management of Chronic Diseases- Neurosciences", Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Plakas
- Post Graduate Program "Management of Chronic Diseases- Neurosciences", Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Tsiou
- Post Graduate Program "Management of Chronic Diseases- Neurosciences", Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Govina
- Post Graduate Program "Management of Chronic Diseases- Neurosciences", Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Galanis
- Post Graduate Program "Management of Chronic Diseases- Neurosciences", Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Victoria Alikari
- Post Graduate Program "Management of Chronic Diseases- Neurosciences", Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ren X, Cai Y, Wang J, Chen O. A systematic review of parental burnout and related factors among parents. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:376. [PMID: 38317118 PMCID: PMC10840230 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting is both a complex and stressful endeavor, so parents sometimes experience parenting burnout. The main objective of this study was to provide an overview of factors related to general parental burnout (PB) among parents with at least one child based on the Ecological Systems Theory (EST). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI and WanFang were systematically searched for studies published from 2010 to July 2023 for peer-reviewed articles using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "parenting", "parental", "burnout", "psychological burnout", "burn-out syndrome". Studies were included if they described associations between factors and PB among parents of children aged 0-18 years old in the general population, and published in an English or Chinese language peer-reviewed journal. The Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD) was employed to assess the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS Of 2037 articles, 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Based on the Ecological Systems Theory (EST), we found that microsystem-individual factors such as gender, educational level, income, parental personality, internalization of maternal parental motivation, unmitigated communion, self-compassion and concern for others, alexithymia, anxiety and depressive symptoms, parental perfectionism, resilience, low self-esteem and high need for control, mother's attachment style were identified as being associated with parenting burnout. Mesosystem-interpersonal factors involve parent-child relationship and marital satisfaction. The exosystem-organizational or community factors include the number of children in the household, neighborhood and the number of hours spent with children, child's illness, child's behavior problems and social support. The macrosystem-society/policy or culture factors are mainly personal values and cultural values. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review found several factors that have been investigated in relation to PB. However, the majority of the factors were reported by one or two studies often implementing a cross-sectional design. Nevertheless, we still recommend that health policymakers and administrators relieve parenting burnout among parents with children by adjusting these modifiable factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Ren
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen X, Tong J, Zhang W, Wang X, Ma S, Shi D, Yan D, Liu Y. Factors predicting depressive symptoms in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in eastern China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:226. [PMID: 38238720 PMCID: PMC10797873 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of depression than parents of typically developing children and those of children with other developmental disorders. Depression affects the well-being and quality of life of parents of children with ASD and has serious consequences for the long-term health outcomes of children with ASD. Therefore, this study explored the current status of depressive symptoms in parents of children with ASD in eastern China and further analyzed multiple aspects of the predictors of depressive symptoms. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of children with ASD in the rehabilitation department of a large specialized hospital and 10 rehabilitation centers for children with special needs in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. A structured questionnaire that focused on child-related factors, parent-related factors, depressive symptoms, courtesy stigma, and social support was used to obtain data. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of depressive symptoms in parents of children with ASD. RESULTS A total of 409 parents of children with ASD were recruited, of whom 18.8% had depressive symptoms. Parents of children with ASD who raised a child who spoke few to no words (odds ratio [OR]: 2.747, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026-7.357), claimed a high economic burden (OR: 3.215, 95% CI: 1.234-8.379), reported no change or increased severity of ASD in their children (OR: 2.518, 95% CI: 1.108-5.720), and those with a higher courtesy stigma score (OR: 1.189, 95% CI: 1.093-1.294) were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Conversely, parents of children with ASD who were employed (OR: 0.427, 95% CI: 0.201-0.907), satisfied with their current marital status (OR: 0.429, 95% CI: 0.221-0.834), and those with a higher social support score (OR: 0.973, 95% CI: 0.950-0.996) were less likely to have depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms are common in parents of children with ASD in eastern China. Therefore, screening and intervention for depressive symptoms in parents of children with ASD is necessary, especially for those with high-risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, 222000, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Tong
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, 222000, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijing Zhang
- National Health Commission Contraceptives Adverse Reaction Surveillance Center, NO.277 Fenghuang west Street, Gulou District, 210036, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Health Development Research Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Fertility Protection and Health Technology Assessment, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, 222000, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Ma
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, 222000, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Shi
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, 222000, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, 222000, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- National Health Commission Contraceptives Adverse Reaction Surveillance Center, NO.277 Fenghuang west Street, Gulou District, 210036, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Health Development Research Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Fertility Protection and Health Technology Assessment, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abshir JNL, Osman F, Dahir G, Dahlberg A. Parental burnout among Somali mothers: Associations with mental health, perceived social support, and sociodemographic factors. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002501. [PMID: 37856462 PMCID: PMC10586642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Parenthood can be defined by the contradiction that it is one of the most satisfying yet stressful experiences in life. Many parents experience stress during parenthood, and some to the extent that they display symptoms of parental burnout. Nevertheless, research on parental burnout is scant and many studies have only examined the condition in Western settings. The aim of this study was to examine parental burnout among Somali mothers in Mogadishu, Somalia, and its association with certain psychological, psychosocial, and sociodemographic factors. In this cross-sectional study, questionnaire data were collected through the measurements Parental Burnout Assessment and Patient Health Questionnaire 9, as well as through social and demographic questions. A total of 882 Somali mothers in Mogadishu participated. The analysis methods used were univariate, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results revealed that the mean parental burnout score was low in the sample. Additionally, a significant association was found between higher levels of parental burnout and higher levels of depression, perceived lack of social support, being unmarried, having a low monthly household income, and when the youngest child was of school-age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatumo Osman
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Research, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gallad Dahir
- School of Public Health and Research, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Anton Dahlberg
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kutuk MO, Tufan AE, Kilicaslan F, Vural P, Gokcen C, Alsen Guney S, Kutuk B, Ozyurt G, Inal N, Mutluer T, Acikalin EY, Ozer FH, Pamuk EN, Yesilmese SC, Karadag M, Hangul Z, Bilginer C, Sahin N, Bilac O, Kandemir H, Ercan ES, Eseroglu Soylemez T, Acikel SB, Guler Aksu G, Dag P, Toros F, Mutlu C, Kardas O, Kardas B, Kizildag S, Demirci E, Ozmen S, Sevicin L, Karagoz YS, Isik U, Aktepe E, Altun H, Yektas Ç, Polat Tuysuz B, Buber A, Cansiz MA, Ogutlu H, Eray S, Taner HA, Altintas E, Kutuk O. functional outcome in late adolescence/early adulthood of patients with autism spectrum disorder and its relationships with parental burnout and depression: A preliminary multi-center, cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20766. [PMID: 37867841 PMCID: PMC10589842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the functioning of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) diagnosed in childhood and depression and burnout levels among their parents. A total of 261 adults with ASDs and their parents were recruited for the study. Both parents completed the Beck Depression and Maslach Burnout Inventories and reported the functioning of their adult offspring with ASDs. Only 5.4 % of our sample reported "good" or "very good" outcomes. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were intellectual disabilities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Maternal burnout and depression scores were significantly elevated compared to those of fathers. There is an undeniable urgent need for more research to identify the needs of adults and families suffering from ASD. Modifications for those with ASD may have to be made for support in workplaces, achieving driving licenses, using public transportation and attendance at tertiary education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Ozlem Kutuk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Evren Tufan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Fethiye Kilicaslan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Pınar Vural
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cem Gokcen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sevay Alsen Guney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bahtim Kutuk
- Department of Psychology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gonca Ozyurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, İzmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Inal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuba Mutluer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Koc University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Zip code: 34450, Turkey
| | - Eren Yavuz Acikalin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Koc University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Zip code: 34450, Turkey
| | - Fadime Hande Ozer
- Department of Psychology, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Zipcode: 27410, Turkey
| | - Esma Nur Pamuk
- Department of Psychology, Cag University, Mersin, Zip code: 33800, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Karadag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Zip code: 27310, Turkey
| | - Zehra Hangul
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Zip code: 27310, Turkey
| | - Cilem Bilginer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Zip code: 61080, Turkey
| | - Nilfer Sahin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla, Zip code: 48000, Turkey
| | - Oznur Bilac
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Zip code: 45030, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Zip code: 45030, Turkey
| | - Eyup Sabri Ercan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Zip code: 35040, Turkey
| | - Tugba Eseroglu Soylemez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medical and Research Center, Istanbul, Zip code: 34662, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Burak Acikel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya City Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Zip code: 42090, Turkey
| | - Gulen Guler Aksu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Zip code: 33343, Turkey
| | - Pelin Dag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Zip code: 33240, Turkey
| | - Fevziye Toros
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Zip code: 33343, Turkey
| | - Caner Mutlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Zip code: 34494, Turkey
| | - Omer Kardas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Zip code: 21280, Turkey
| | - Burcu Kardas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Zip code: 21010, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kizildag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Zip code: 21280, Turkey
| | - Esra Demirci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Zip code: 38039, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Ozmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Zip code: 38039, Turkey
| | - Leyla Sevicin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Zip code: 38039, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Sumeyra Karagoz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Zip code: 25240, Turkey
| | - Umit Isik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Zip code: 71100, Turkey
| | - Evrim Aktepe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Zip code: 71100, Turkey
| | - Hatice Altun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Zip code: 46000, Turkey
| | - Çigdem Yektas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Zip code: 34662, Turkey
| | - Berna Polat Tuysuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sanliurfa Education and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Zip code: 63250, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Buber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Zip code: 20070, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Cansiz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Zip code: 66100, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ogutlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Zip code: 06800, Turkey
| | - Safak Eray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Zip code: 16059, Turkey
| | - Hande Ayraler Taner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University, Medical Faculty, Ankara, Zip code: 06490, Turkey
| | - Ebru Altintas
- Department of Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Zip code: 01110, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Department of Immunology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Zip code: 01110, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lovell B, Wetherell MA. Social support mediates the relationship between dispositional gratitude and psychological distress in caregivers of autistic children. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2084-2094. [PMID: 36617657 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2162939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Grateful caregivers report lower levels of psychological distress. Social support, engendered by gratitude and buffering against stress, might mediate this effect. Here we explored whether the protective psychological effect of dispositional gratitude might be mediated by increased social support. A sample of 126 caregivers of autistic children completed questionnaires assessing dispositional gratitude, social support and psychological distress. Gratitude inversely predicted psychological distress, as did social support after adjusting for gratitude. Gratitude positively predicted social support. Gratitude no longer predicted psychological distress after adjusting for social support. Indirect effects analysis revealed the gratitude-distress relationship occurred indirectly via social support. Grateful caregivers reported higher levels of social support, and this predicted lower psychological distress. Gratitude, relatively stable as a disposition, has a state component that is sensitive to change, and healthcare professionals might do well to recommend gratitude enhancing interventions for caregivers of autistic children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lovell
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark A Wetherell
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin Y, Wang Y, Lin C, Ni Q, Jia R, Chang Y, Qi Y. The mediating role of perceived social support: alexithymia and parental burnout in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1139618. [PMID: 37359855 PMCID: PMC10290202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1139618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parental burnout is a concept that reflects the emotional exhaustion and emotional distance of parents from children due to their inability to cope with the pressure of parenting. It has been confirmed that parents of autistic children are at higher risk for parental burnout. Additional research has suggested a relationship between parental burnout and parents' personality traits. However, the relationship between alexithymia, an independent personality factor, with parental burnout is little to none. Objective To look into the connection between parental burnout and alexithymia among parents of autistic children. Method Three hundred and one parents were approached for recruitment and data were collected from 203 parents through a cross-sectional survey assessing parental burnout, alexithymia status, and perceived social support. Because the data is not normally distributed, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rho(p) was used to assess the correlation between the variables; and then using AMOS to analyze the mediating effects of perceived social support and the moderating effect of gender. Result The result showed that (1) There is a negative association between alexithymia with parental burnout (β = 0.6, p < 0.01), while perceive social support was the negative predictor of alexithymia (β = -0.45, p < 0.01) and parental burnout (β = -0.26, p < 0.01); (2) perceive social support partially mediated the relationship between alexithymia and parental burnout of parents of autistic children, which can explain 16.3% of the total effect; (3) Gender plays a moderating role in the first half of the indirect effect of alexithymia on parental burnout, as evidenced by the significant difference in path coefficients between the male and female models (male: β = -0.10, p < 0.05; female: β = -0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusion Health professionals and policymakers should be aware of parental burnout among parents of autistic children in China and take early intervention steps. Furthermore, they should recognize the negative impact of alexithymia and the positive impact of social support when developing plans to alleviate parental burnout in children with autism, with a particular focus on mothers with alexithymia, who are more likely to experience low social support and burnout than fathers with alexithymia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Lin
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Lin
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingnan Ni
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruolin Jia
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chang
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - YuanPing Qi
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, Qinghai Women and Children’s Hospital, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ağırkan M, Koç M, Avcı ÖH. How effective are group-based psychoeducation programs for parents of children with ASD in Turkey? A systematic review and meta-analysis. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 139:104554. [PMID: 37301054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent research shows that group-based psychoeducation programs designed for parents of children with ASD have grown in popularity over time. The international evidence for the effectiveness of psychoeducation programs designed for parents of children with ASD in developed societies emphasizes the importance of providing a synthesis of the effectiveness of programs in developing societies. This study's primary aim is to assess the efficacy of group-based psychoeducation programs in Turkey for parents of children with ASD. The second aim is to investigate how the programs are influenced by the potential moderators (type of involvement, research design, number of sessions, duration of sessions, and number of participants). For these purposes, a database search was conducted that included group-based psychoeducation programs for parents of children with ASD implemented in Turkey. Twelve group-based psychoeducation programs that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The results showed that group-based psychoeducation programs for parents of children with ASD had "medium" effects on psychological symptoms [ES(SE) = 0.65 (.08), 95%CI (0.48-0.81)], "low" effects on social skills [ES(SE) = 0.32 (.16), 95%CI (0.02-0.62)], and "high" effects on well-being [ES(SE) = 1.05 (.19), 95%CI (0.66-1.43)]. According to moderator analyses, the type of involvement and the number of sessions were statistically significant moderators of psychological symptoms, but not the research design, duration of sessions, or number of participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ağırkan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 23200 Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Muharrem Koç
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Hacettepe University, 06530 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Haskan Avcı
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Hacettepe University, 06530 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rattaz C, Loubersac J, Michelon C, Picot MC, Baghdadli A. Changes in mothers' and fathers' stress level, mental health and coping strategies during the 3 years following ASD diagnosis. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 137:104497. [PMID: 37004353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ASD in a child affects parental mental health, with elevated levels of stress, anxiety and depression reported in parents. METHOD In this study, we examined mothers' and fathers' stress, anxiety and depression, as well as their coping strategies in a sample of 103 children and adolescents enrolled in the ELENA cohort study in France at diagnosis and three years after diagnosis. RESULTS Results showed that mothers had higher levels of stress and anxiety / depression than fathers and used more social support coping strategies at diagnosis, which might be explained by increased levels of parental involvement. Mothers' stress level significantly decreased during the three years following ASD diagnosis but no such decrease was observed in fathers' stress level. A significant decrease in anxiety and depression was observed for both parents, suggesting that parental distress is particularly elevated during the critical diagnosis period. Results finally yielded a significant decrease in emotion-focused coping strategy in mothers over the three-year period, an ineffective strategy that takes places at the time of diagnosis but then decreases during the period following ASD diagnosis, in relation to the acceptance process. CONCLUSIONS Implications in terms of addressing the unmet mental health needs of parents and their coping strategies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Rattaz
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neuro-développementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Loubersac
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neuro-développementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Cécile Michelon
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neuro-développementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neuro-développementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medical Information, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Amaria Baghdadli
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'excellence sur l'autisme et les troubles neuro-développementaux, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chin WC, Chang HL, Chao KY. Exploring Coping Strategies of Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan: A Qualitative Study. J Nurs Res 2023; 31:e278. [PMID: 37097915 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience impairments in their social interactions, language communication, and stereotypical patterns of behavior. Parents of children with ASD experience higher levels of stress and more depression and anxiety than parents of children with other disabilities or typically developing children. Parents of children with disabilities develop coping strategies to counteract the stresses associated with raising a child with special needs. Understanding coping strategies to help counteract the stresses associated with parenting a child with ASD may enhance well-being in parents of children with ASD, improve the quality of care provided to these children, and foster better parent-child relationships. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the coping strategies used by parents in Taiwan parenting a child with ASD. METHODS In this descriptive qualitative study, thematic analysis was conducted on data collected during face-to-face interviews. Fourteen parents of children with ASD were recruited using purposive sampling. Researchers employed a teamwork approach for data analysis to increase the dependability and consistency of the transcribed interviews. Team members discussed coding and identified the themes collaboratively. RESULTS Taiwanese parents of children with ASD coped with the psychological impacts of parenting by employing problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies. Problem-focused strategies included communication, support, and management, whereas emotion-focused strategies included acceptance and adaptation. Findings showed that both coping strategies were useful in addressing specific situations and circumstances. Social and clinical support improved parents' mental health and children's external behaviors. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE Healthcare providers should evaluate how parents are coping with the stresses related to raising a child with ASD and consider the cultural factors that might influence how they accept and adapt to parenting children with ASD. Understanding these variables may be used to tailor strategies appropriate to reducing stress and improving the well-being of parents and their children. Support and resource referrals should be considered, including parent support groups, books, web-based services, and recommendations for professional consultations with social workers or therapists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chin
- MD, Attending Physician, and Assistant Professor, Department of Child Psychiatry and Sleep Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ling Chang
- MD, Attending Physician, and Assistant Professor, Neo-psych Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yu Chao
- PhD, RN, Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, and Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wilmot A, Pizzey H, Leitão S, Hasking P, Boyes M. "I struggle at times to see her struggle": Mothers' perspectives on dyslexia-related school struggles and the inter-connected nature of mother and child well-being. DYSLEXIA (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023; 29:136-150. [PMID: 36755469 PMCID: PMC10946717 DOI: 10.1002/dys.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parents of children with dyslexia may be at elevated risk for parenting stress and mental health concerns. Our aim was to explore the emotional experience of growing up with dyslexia in Australia from parents' perspectives. In so doing, we also developed an understanding of parents' own mental health and support needs informed by their lived experience. METHODOLOGY Seventeen interviews with mothers of children (9-14 years; 16 with a diagnosis of dyslexia) were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach. ANALYSIS Five themes were developed to address our aim: Theme 1: Years in the wilderness: Life before diagnosis; 2: "I struggle at times to see her struggle"; 3. School struggles: Advocating for our children and managing distress; 4. "It's a full-time job" and a "long slog"; 5: Care for the carer: Social support and coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that mothers of children with dyslexia may be at elevated risk for mental health concerns. Specifically, chronic worry and stress, secondary distress, challenges to parenting self-efficacy, and lack of support and understanding (feeling isolated) were highlighted as plausible risk factors. Mothers described coping strategies at the community level (e.g., school connectedness) and at the individual level (e.g., "acceptance") as protective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wilmot
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin School of Population HealthBentleyAustralia
| | - Hannah Pizzey
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin School of Population HealthBentleyAustralia
| | - Suze Leitão
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin enAble Institute & Curtin School of Allied HealthBentleyAustralia
| | - Penelope Hasking
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin enAble Institute & Curtin School of Population HealthBentleyAustralia
| | - Mark Boyes
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin enAble Institute & Curtin School of Population HealthBentleyAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Feng Y, Chen K, Zou Y, Zhou X, Liu Q, Zhong D, Deng T, Liu S, Zhang L. Posttraumatic growth and rumination among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: The mediating role of social support. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 154:11-18. [PMID: 35872463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although rumination and social support are regarded as essential predictors of posttraumatic growth (PTG), few studies have explored the associations among PTG, rumination, and social support in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined whether social support mediates the relationship between rumination and PTG. Cross-sectional questionnaire data were collected from 385 parents of children with ASD from September 2019 to November 2020 by convenience sampling. Participants completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Event Related Rumination Inventory, and Social Support Rating Scale. Path analyses showed that subjective support partially mediates the relationship between deliberate rumination and PTG (β = 0.073, P < 0.001), and indirect effects account for 15.30% of the total effects. In addition, a negative direct path was found between intrusive and PTG because of the suppression effect of subjective support (β = -0.110, P < 0.01), and indirect effects accounted for 80% of the direct effects. For future studies, it underscores the essential role of subjective support and rumination in promoting PTG in parents of children with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongshen Feng
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Kaiyun Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Xuezhen Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510200, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510200, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhong
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Tao Deng
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shaofei Liu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaba D, Hasanlı J, Efe A, Yavuz-Çolak M, Akın-Sarı B. Predictors of burnout and distress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder during COVID-19 home confinement. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2022.2119974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kaba
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jamal Hasanlı
- Psychiatry Department, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Efe
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meriç Yavuz-Çolak
- Biostatistics Department, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Akın-Sarı
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cognitive control and cognitive flexibility predict severity of depressive symptoms in parents of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
The Route of Stress in Parents of Young Children with and without Autism: A Path-Analysis Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010887. [PMID: 34682634 PMCID: PMC8535200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We provide a conceptual model on the complex interaction between stress, psychological predisposition, and personality traits, accounting for gender, in parents of children with and without autism. We performed a path analysis using a structural equation modeling approach in a sample of parents including 60 ASD and 53 TD couples. In parents of typically developing children (TD), depression level and age are the main direct predictors of stress through the mediating effect of anxiety. Otherwise, in the ASD parent group, the personality trait ‘openness’ directly predicts the defensive response and stress levels without the mediating effect of anxiety. Our data suggest a route of action in promoting new behavioral strategies to prevent parenting stress, making families run smoothly.
Collapse
|