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Mashiko D, Ikeda Z, Tokoro M, Hatano Y, Yao T, Kobayashi TJ, Fukunaga N, Asada Y, Yamagata K. Asynchronous division at 4-8-cell stage of preimplantation embryos affects live birth through ICM/TE differentiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9411. [PMID: 35672442 PMCID: PMC9174281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the performance of assisted reproductive technology, it is necessary to find an indicator that can identify and select embryos that will be born or be aborted. We searched for indicators of embryo selection by comparing born/abort mouse embryos. We found that asynchronous embryos during the 4-8-cell stage were predisposed to be aborted. In asynchronous mouse embryos, the nuclear translocation of YAP1 in some blastomeres and compaction were delayed, and the number of ICMs was reduced. Hence, it is possible that asynchronous embryos have abnormal differentiation. When the synchrony of human embryos was observed, it was confirmed that embryos that did not reach clinical pregnancy had asynchrony as in mice. This could make synchrony a universal indicator common to all animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mashiko
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Zenki Ikeda
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tokoro
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
- Asada Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Asada Ladies Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, 450-0002, Japan
| | - Yu Hatano
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Yao
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
- Research and Development Center, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Joto, Osaka, 536-8523, Japan
| | - Tetsuya J Kobayashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Noritaka Fukunaga
- Asada Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Asada Ladies Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, 450-0002, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Asada
- Asada Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Asada Ladies Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, 450-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamagata
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan.
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Mashiko D, Tokoro M, Kojima M, Fukunaga N, Asada Y, Yamagata K. Search for morphological indicators that predict implantation by principal component analysis using images of blastocyst. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13441. [PMID: 35602891 PMCID: PMC9119295 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the current evaluation of human blastocysts is based on the Gardner criteria, there may be other notable parameters. The purpose of our study was to clarify whether the morphology of blastocysts has notable indicators other than the Gardner criteria. Methods To find such indicators, we compared blastocysts that showed elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels after transplantation (hCG-positive group; n = 129) and those that did not (hCG-negative group; n = 105) using principal component analysis of pixel brightness of the images. Results The comparison revealed that the hCG-positive group had grainy morphology and the hCG-negative group had non-grainy morphology. Classification of the blastocysts by this indicator did not make a difference in Gardner score. Interestingly, all embryos with ≥20% fragmentation were non-grainy. The visual classification based on this analysis was significantly more accurate than the prediction of implantation using the Gardner score ≥3BB. As graininess can be used in combination with the Gardner score, this indicator will enhance current reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mashiko
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tokoro
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan,Asada Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Asada Ladies Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masae Kojima
- Asada Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Asada Ladies Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noritaka Fukunaga
- Asada Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Asada Ladies Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Asada
- Asada Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Asada Ladies Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamagata
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan
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3
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Gonçalves MF, Asensi KD, Nascimento ALL, de Barros JHO, Santos RDA, Andrade CBVD, Kasai-Brunswick TH, Frajblat M, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Goldenberg RCDS. Human Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Cells Improve Mouse Embryonic Development. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:769-779. [PMID: 32493133 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a constant need for improving embryo culture conditions in assisted reproduction. One possibility is to use mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from menstrual blood (mbMSCs), with an endometrial origin. In this study, we sought to analyze the expansion of mouse embryos in a direct coculture model with mbMSCs. Our results showed that after five passages, mbMSCs presented a spindle-shaped morphology, with surface markers that were comparable with the normal mesenchymal cell phenotype. mbMSCs could differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages and secrete angiopoetin-2 and hepatocyte growth factor. The coculture experiments employed 103 two-cell-stage embryos that were randomly divided into two groups: control (n = 50), embryos cultured in GV-Blast medium, and cocultured mbMSCs (n = 53), embryos cocultured with GV-Blast and mbMSCs. Typically, two to three embryos were placed in a well with 200 μL of culture medium and observed until developmental day 5. After 5 days, the cocultured group had more embryos in the blastocyst stage (69.8%) when compared with the control group (30%) (p < 0.001). It was also found that nearly 57% of blastocysts in the cocultured group reached the hatching stage, while only 13% achieved this stage in the control group (p < 0.001). Analyses of cultured mbMSCs and growth media, in the presence or absence of an embryo, were also performed. Immunofluorescence detected similar levels of collagen I and III and fibronectin in both mbMSCs and cocultured mbMSCs, and similar amounts of growth factors, VEGF, PDGF-AA, and PDGF-BB, were also observed in the conditioned medium, regardless of embryo presence. The present study describes, for the first time, an easy, noninvasive, and autologous method that could potentially increase blastocyst growth rates during assisted reproductive procedures (i.e., in vitro fertilization). It is proposed that this mbMSC coculture strategy enriches the embryonic microenvironment and promotes embryo development. This technique may complement or replace existing assisted reproduction methods and is directly relevant to the field of personalized medicine. Impact statement The study demonstrates a novel and potentially personalized assisted reproduction approach. The search for alternative and autologous methods provides assisted reproduction patients with a better chance of a successful pregnancy. In this study, mesenchymal cells derived from menstrual blood resembled the outside uterine surface and could potentially be employed for improving embryo outgrowth. Our protocol enriches the embryonic microenvironment and facilitates high-quality single-embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Dutra Asensi
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Luiza Lima Nascimento
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana de Almeida Santos
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Tais Hanae Kasai-Brunswick
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcel Frajblat
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tania M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Coeli Dos Santos Goldenberg
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Lee MS, Hsu W, Huang HY, Tseng HY, Lee CT, Hsu CY, Shieh YC, Wang SH, Yao DJ, Liu CH. Simultaneous detection of two growth factors from human single-embryo culture medium by a bead-based digital microfluidic chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 150:111851. [PMID: 31740257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of growth factors released in a culture medium is considered to be an attractive non-invasive approach, apart from the embryo morphology, to identify the condition of an embryo development after fertilization in vitro (IVF), but the available embryo culture medium in the current method is only a few microlitres. This small sample volume, also of small concentration, makes difficult the application of a conventional detection method, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A reliable detection of the growth factor from each embryo culture medium of such a small concentration hence remains a challenge. Here for the first time we report the results of measurement of not just one, but two, growth factors, human IL-1β and human TNF-α, from an individual droplet of embryo culture medium with a bead-based digital microfluidic chip. The required sample volume for a single measurement is only 520 nL; the total duration of the on-chip process is less than 40 min. Using the culture media of human embryos with normal morphologic features, we found that the concentrations of TNF-α change little from day 3 to day 5-6, but the concentrations of IL-1β for some embryos might double from day 3 to day 5-6. For other embryos even with similar normal morphologic features, some growth factors, such as IL-1β, might exhibit different expressions during the culture period. Those growth factors could serve to distinguish the development conditions of each embryo, not merely from an observation of embryo morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shiue Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wensyang Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Yuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Yang Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chueh Shieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Da-Jeng Yao
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystem, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Liu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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5
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Wang C, Feng G, Zhang B, Shu J, Zhou H, Gan X, Lin R. Influence of the insemination method on the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2017; 44:85-89. [PMID: 28795047 PMCID: PMC5545224 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2017.44.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the insemination method on the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture performed between January 2011 and December 2014. Results There were 2,003 cycles of conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and 336 cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), including 25,652 and 4,164 embryos that underwent sequential blastocyst culture, respectively. No significant differences were found in the female patients' age, basal follicle-stimulating hormone level, basal luteinizing hormone level, body mass index, number of oocytes, maturity rate, fertilization rate, or good-quality embryo rate. However, the blastocyst formation rate and embryo utilization rate were significantly higher in the conventional IVF group than in the ICSI group (54.70% vs. 50.94% and 51.09% vs. 47.65%, respectively, p<0.05). The implantation/pregnancy rate (IVF, 50.93%; ICSI, 55.10%), miscarriage rate (IVF, 12.57%; ICSI, 16.29%), and live birth rate (IVF, 42.12%; ICSI, 44.08%) were similar (p>0.05). No cycles were canceled due to the formation of no usable blastocysts. Conclusion Although the fertilization method had no effect on clinical outcomes, the blastocyst formation rate and embryo utilization rate in the ICSI group were significantly lower than those observed in the conventional IVF group. Therefore, more care should be taken when choosing to perform blastocyst culture in ICSI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhu Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Guixue Feng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jinhui Shu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xianyou Gan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ruoyun Lin
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
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Ogino M, Tsubamoto H, Sakata K, Oohama N, Hayakawa H, Kojima T, Shigeta M, Shibahara H. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in cumulus cells is a strong predictor of obtaining good-quality embryos after IVF. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:367-371. [PMID: 26749386 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish a simple tool to predict good-quality embryos in in vitro fertilization (IVF) by using cumulus cells (CCs) or peripheral blood cells (PBCs). METHODS Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from CCs and PBCs in patients undergoing IVF. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, mtDNA copy number in a single cell was calculated. Embryo quality was assessed when it was transferred or frozen. RESULTS CCs were obtained from 60 oocyte cumulus-cell complexes (OCCCs) in 30 women, and PBCs were collected from 18 women. For the 30 women in the study, the median age was 37 years old (range, 24-43), and the mean body mass index was 21.4 (standard error, 2.0). mtDNA content of CCs and PBCs was highly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.900, p < 0.0001). The median mtDNA content of CCs for good- and poor-quality embryos was 140 and 57, respectively (p < 0.0001). The median mtDNA content of PBCs for good- and poor-quality embryos was 36 and 13, respectively (p = 0.604). The logistic regression model indicated that mtDNA content in CCs was the only parameter that predicted good-quality embryos (p = 0.020). The receiver operating characteristic curve for obtaining good-quality embryos by mtDNA copy number in CCs had an area under the curve of 0.823, and using a threshold of 86, positive and negative predictive values were 84.4 and 82.1 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The determination of mtDNA content in CCs can be used to predict good-quality embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ogino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsubamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Oohama
- Advanced Fertility Center of Fuchu Nozomi, Fuchu-cho 2-1-3, Izumi, Osaka, 594-0071, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hayakawa
- Advanced Fertility Center of Fuchu Nozomi, Fuchu-cho 2-1-3, Izumi, Osaka, 594-0071, Japan
| | - Teruhito Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Shigeta
- Advanced Fertility Center of Fuchu Nozomi, Fuchu-cho 2-1-3, Izumi, Osaka, 594-0071, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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Alansari L, Akande V. How to maximize the pregnancy rate with no increase in multiple pregnancy rates following blastocyst embryo transfer? Is blastocyst transfer time the missing ingredient? MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wu H, Ding C, Shen X, Wang J, Li R, Cai B, Xu Y, Zhong Y, Zhou C. Medium-based noninvasive preimplantation genetic diagnosis for human α-thalassemias-SEA. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e669. [PMID: 25816038 PMCID: PMC4554004 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a noninvasive medium-based preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) test for α-thalassemias-SEA. The embryos of α-thalassemia-SEA carriers undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were cultured. Single cells were biopsied from blastomeres and subjected to fluorescent gap polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis; the spent culture media that contained embryo genomic DNA and corresponding blastocysts as verification were subjected to quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) detection of α-thalassemia-SEA. The diagnosis efficiency and allele dropout (ADO) ratio were calculated, and the cell-free DNA concentration was quantitatively assessed in the culture medium. The diagnosis efficiency of medium-based α-thalassemias-SEA detection significantly increased compared with that of biopsy-based fluorescent gap PCR analysis (88.6% vs 82.1%, P < 0.05). There is no significant difference regarding ADO ratio between them. The optimal time for medium-based α-thalassemias-SEA detection is Day 5 (D5) following IVF. Medium-based α-thalassemias-SEA detection could represent a novel, quick, and noninvasive approach for carriers to undergo IVF and PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wu
- From the Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine
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9
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Absence of CD9 reduces endometrial VEGF secretion and impairs uterine repair after parturition. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4701. [PMID: 24736431 PMCID: PMC3988484 DOI: 10.1038/srep04701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, uterine epithelium is remodeled cyclically throughout adult life for pregnancy. Despite the expression of CD9 in the uterine epithelium, its role in maternal reproduction is unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by examining uterine secretions collected from patients undergoing fertility treatment and fertilization-competent Cd9−/− mice expressing CD9-GFP in their eggs (Cd9−/−TG). CD9 in uterine secretions was observed as extracellular matrix-like feature, and its amount of the secretions associated with repeated pregnancy failures. We also found that the litter size of Cd9−/−TG female mice was significantly reduced after their first birth. Severely delayed re-epithelialization of the endometrium was then occurred. Concomitantly, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was remarkably reduced in the uterine secretions of Cd9−/−TG female mice. These results provide the first evidence that CD9-mediated VEGF secretion plays a role in re-epithelialization of the uterus.
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Feng G, Zhang B, Zhou H, Shu J, Gan X, Wu F, Deng X. Comparable clinical outcomes and live births after single vitrified-warmed and fresh blastocyst transfer. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:466-73. [PMID: 22995746 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective single-blastocyst transfer (SBT) in fresh cycles has been effective in reducing multiple pregnancies. However, we do not know whether this successful strategy of fresh transfer cycles is suitable for cryopreserved cycles. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and value of SBT in vitrified-warmed cycles. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was similar with vitrified and fresh SBT (46.61% versus 52.15% respectively). Of the pregnant patients, monozygotic twin, miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy rates were similar with vitrified and fresh SBT. For the newborns, no significant difference was observed in live birth, low birthweight, premature delivery and birth defects rates between vitrified and fresh SBT. With respect to the quality of transferred blastocysts (from BB to AA), a similar CPR and miscarriage rate was obtained for both vitrified and fresh SBT when a similar blastocyst cohort graded ≥ 3BB was transferred. The data show that vitrified SBT is an effective means of reducing multiple pregnancy and that comparable clinical outcomes and live births are achieved if single blastocysts graded ≥ 3BB are transferred for both vitrified and fresh SBT. These data should encourage clinics to evaluate their embryo transfer policy and adopt vitrified SBT as everyday practice. Selective single-blastocyst transfer in fresh cycles has been an effective method to reduce the multiple pregnancies. However, due to a lack of adequate studies, we do not know whether this successful strategy in fresh transfer cycles is suitable in cryopreserved cycles. The present study was undertaken to explore the feasibility and value of single-blastocyst transfer in vitrified-warmed cycles. We found that single-blastocyst transfer in vitrified-warmed cycles is an effective means of reducing multiple pregnancy, and comparable clinical outcomes and live births were achieved if single blastocysts graded ≥ 3BB were transferred for both vitrified-warmed and fresh blastocyst transfer. These data should encourage clinics to evaluate their embryo transfer policy and adopt single-blastocyst transfer in cryopreserved cycles as their everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixue Feng
- Reproductive Medicine center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, China
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