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Zhang X, Wu S, Hao G, Wu X, Ren H, Zhang Y, Yang A, Bi X, Bai L, Zhang Y, Tan J. Prolonged Cryopreservation Negatively Affects Embryo Transfer Outcomes Following the Elective Freeze-All Strategy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:709648. [PMID: 34630326 PMCID: PMC8493094 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.709648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of embryo freezing and warming technology, frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) has been widely utilized. However, studies investigating the association between cryopreservation duration and FET outcomes are limited and controversial, and previous studies did not conduct stratification analyses based on demographic or clinical characteristics. METHODS This multicenter retrospective study included 17,826 women who underwent their first FET following the freeze-all strategy during the period from January 2014 to December 2018. Duration of cryopreservation was categorized into five groups: 3-8 weeks, 8-12 weeks, 12-26 weeks, 26-52 weeks, and >52 weeks. Modified Poisson regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the association between cryostorage time of vitrified embryos and transfer outcomes. Moreover, further stratification analyses were performed according to variables with p <0.05 in multivariate models. RESULTS In this large multicenter study, we observed that storage duration was inversely associated with the possibility of pregnancy and live birth (p <0.001), but not with the risk of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. Stratification analyses based on maternal age, the number of oocytes retrieved, and condition of embryo transferred indicated that the inverse correlation was significant in the subpopulation with characteristics: (1) less than 40 years old, (2) more than 3 oocytes retrieved, and (3) only high-quality blastocysts transferred. CONCLUSION The results of this large, multicenter, retrospective study suggested that prolonged cryopreservation was inversely associated with the probability of pregnancy and live birth. Therefore, for patients who adopt a freeze-all strategy, early FET might achieve a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Disease and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Disease and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Guimin Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haiqin Ren
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinghua Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xingyu Bi
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lina Bai
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinghua Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yunshan Zhang, ; Jichun Tan,
| | - Jichun Tan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Disease and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yunshan Zhang, ; Jichun Tan,
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Widjiati W, Soeharsono S, Dhamayanti Y. The profiling of pre- and post-warming DNA in mouse embryos with microsatellite method. Vet World 2018; 11:1526-1531. [PMID: 30587884 PMCID: PMC6303499 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1526-1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This research aimed to identify the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profile and changes of post-warming embryo after being frozen with vitrification method using microsatellite method. Materials and Methods: This research examined the mouse embryo blastocysts that were divided into four groups: Post-warming living blastocyst, post-warming living blastocyst with half fragmented cell, post-warming dead blastocyst, and pre-freezing living blastocyst. The isolation sample applied phenol-chloroform method. After obtaining polymerase chain reaction results, all the samples of pre-freezing fresh embryo, post-warming living embryo, dead embryo, and degenerated embryo were then examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Results: The amplification with D18mit14 primer was 100 bp and 150bp with D18mit87 primer, 150bp with D7mit22, and 300bp with D7mit25. The result of SSCP with D18mit14 primer showed that the blastocysts were fragmented and dead after warming process and formed into two DNA strand fragments, while the fresh embryos which passed freezing process did not form any fragment. D18mit87 primer SSCP indicated different fragments for each treatment. The result of SSCP using D7mit22 formed two different fragments for each treatment. While using D7mit25, the SSCP result formed some different fragments for each sample. Post-warming living embryo had similar ribbon to pre-freezing fresh embryo. Conclusion: D7mit222, D7mit25, and D18mit87 primers could be used as the aneuploidy marker on mouse embryos that were induced by post-warming process. The profile of living blastocyst, dead blastocyst, and post-warming fragmented blastocyst had different DNA tapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widjiati Widjiati
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soeharsono Soeharsono
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Dhamayanti
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Herein, we review the field of subzero organ preservation with a focus on recent developments in hepatic supercooling. RECENT FINDINGS Organ preservation is making a rapid shift from the decade old standard of storage on ice toward techniques that improve organ availability as well as preservation time. Long-term organ preservation would have tremendous benefits to the organ transplantation field, including better organ allocation, donor-recipient matching, as well as reduced preservation injury, and subsequent improvement of donor organ use. The formation of ice has proven an important limiting factor and novel techniques attempt to control or prevent freezing using cryoprotective agents, and highly controlled cooling regimens. Various techniques have been employed over the previous decades, including true organ freezing, vitrification, and subzero nonfreezing or supercooling. For most techniques, successful transplantation following long-term subzero preservation has remained elusive. Supercooling, however, recently delivered the first promising results, yielding survival after up to 4 days of supercooled preservation at -6°C. SUMMARY As the field of organ preservation undergoes significant development, the field of subzero preservation also receives renewed interest. Although many obstacles remain to be overcome to make subzero preservation feasible, novel techniques are beginning to show their potential in achieving long-term preservation.
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Inaba Y, Miyashita S, Somfai T, Geshi M, Matoba S, Dochi O, Nagai T. Cryopreservation method affects DNA fragmentation in trophectoderm and the speed of re-expansion in bovine blastocysts. Cryobiology 2016; 72:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Morató R, Castillo-Martín M, Yeste M, Bonet S. Cryotolerance of porcine in vitro-produced blastocysts relies on blastocyst stage and length of in vitro culture prior to vitrification. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:886-892. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess whether the cryotolerance of in vitro-produced embryos could be influenced by the length of in vitro culture and size of blastocoel cavity before vitrification, using the pig as a model. For this purpose we analysed the cryoresistance and apoptosis rate of blastocysts at different stages of development as derived on Day 5 and 6 of in vitro culture. Blastocysts were subsequently vitrified, warmed and cultured for 24 h. Re-expansion rates were recorded at 3 and 24 h and total cell number and apoptotic cells were determined at 24 h. Day-6 blastocysts showed the highest rates of survival after warming, which indicates higher quality compared with Day-5 blastocysts. Higher re-expansion rates were observed for expanded blastocysts and those in the process of hatching when compared with early blastocysts. Total cell number and apoptotic cells were affected by blastocyst stage, vitrification–warming procedures and length of in vitro culture, as expanding and hatching–hatched blastocysts from Day 6 presented higher percentages of apoptotic cells than fresh blastocysts and blastocysts vitrified at Day 5. Our findings suggest that the cryotop vitrification method is useful for the cryopreservation of porcine blastocysts presenting a high degree of expansion, particularly when vitrification is performed after 6 days of in vitro culture. Furthermore, these results show that faster embryo development underlies higher blastocyst cryotolerance and provide evidence that blastocoel cavity expansion before vitrification is a reliable index of in vitro-produced embryo quality and developmental potential.
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Somoskoi B, Martino NA, Cardone RA, Lacalandra GM, Dell'Aquila ME, Cseh S. Different chromatin and energy/redox responses of mouse morulae and blastocysts to slow freezing and vitrification. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:22. [PMID: 25889099 PMCID: PMC4419566 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to cryopreserve mammalian embryos has become an integral part of assisted reproduction, both in human and veterinary medicine. Despite differences in the size and physiological characteristics of embryos from various species, the embryos have been frozen by either of two procedures: slow freezing or vitrification. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of slow freezing and vitrification to the chromatin structure, energy status and reactive oxygen species production of mouse morulae and blastocysts. METHODS Mouse morulae and blastocysts were randomly allocated into vitrification, slow freezing and control groups. For slow freezing, Dulbecco phosphate buffered saline based 10% glicerol solution was used. For vitrification, G-MOPS™ based solution supplemented with 16% ethylene glycol, 16% propylene glycol, Ficoll (10 mg/ml) and sucrose (0.65 mol/l) was used. After warming, the chromatin integrity, mitochondrial distribution pattern and energy/oxidative status were compared among groups. RESULTS Cryopreservation affected chromatin integrity at a greater extent at the morula than the blastocyst stage. Chromatin damage induced by slow freezing was more relevant compared to vitrification. Slow freezing and vitrification similarly affected mitochondrial distribution pattern. Greater damage was observed at the morula stage and it was associated with embryo grade. Cryopreservation altered the quantitative bioenergy/redox parameters at a greater extent in the morulae than in the blastocysts. Effects induced by slow freezing were not related to embryo grade or mitochondrial pattern, as affected embryos were of all grades and with both mitochondrial patterns. However, effects induced by vitrification were related to mitochondrial pattern, as only embryos with homogeneous mitochondrial pattern in small aggregates had reduced energy status. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time the joint assessment of chromatin damage and mitochondrial energy/redox potential in fresh and frozen mouse embryos at the morula and blastocyst stage, allowing the comparison of the effects of the two most commonly used cryopreservation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Somoskoi
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Nicola A Martino
- Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Trasplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosa A Cardone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Pharmacological Science, University of Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni M Lacalandra
- Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Trasplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria E Dell'Aquila
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Pharmacological Science, University of Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Sandor Cseh
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Zander-Fox D, Lane M, Hamilton H. Slow freezing and vitrification of mouse morula and early blastocysts. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:1091-8. [PMID: 23888311 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relative success of morula and early blastocyst slow freezing and vitrification in regards to survival and implantation rates utilising protocols which could be clinically implemented as a viable alternative to expanded blastocyst stage freezing. METHODS Mouse morula and early blastocysts were either slow frozen/thawed or vitrified/warmed. Their subsequent survival, blastocyst development and blastocyst cell number and allocation to either the inner cell mass, trophectoderm or epiblast was assessed. In addition blastocysts were also transferred to pseudopregnant recipients and implantation and fetal development was determined. RESULTS Vitrification of both morula and early blastocysts resulted in significantly higher rates of survival and blastocyst development compared to slow freezing. In addition slow frozen early blastocysts had significantly reduced blastocyst cell number compared to control however vitrified morula and early blasocyts and slow frozen morula had equivocal blastocyst cell numbers. Transfer of blastocysts from both methods of cryopreservation resulted in similar implantation rates however the placentas created from slow frozen early blastocysts were significantly lighter than control (95.5 g ± 5.4 vs. 122.0 g ± 4.2 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Vitrification resulted in significantly higher rates of morula and early blastocyst survival and blastocyst development compared to slow freezing. In addition this study has validated the use of a closed DMSO free vitrification protocol which could then be investigated for use in the clinical setting as an alternative to expanded blastocyst freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Zander-Fox
- Repromed Department of R&D, 180 Fullarton Road, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia,
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Sirisha K, Selokar NL, Saini M, Palta P, Manik RS, Chauhan MS, Singla SK. Cryopreservation of Zona-Free Cloned Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Embryos: Slow Freezing vs Open-Pulled Straw Vitrification. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:538-44. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Sirisha
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; India
| | - NL Selokar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; India
| | - M Saini
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; India
| | - P Palta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; India
| | - RS Manik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; India
| | - MS Chauhan
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; India
| | - SK Singla
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; India
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