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Mahmood Alsabbagh M. Congenital Ichthyosis: Current Approaches to Prenatal Diagnoses. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2024; 43:157-175. [PMID: 38204144 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2301468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital ichthyosis represents a wide spectrum of diseases. This article reviews prenatal testing for ichthyosis. METHODS We used pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov to search for 38 types of congenital ichthyosis combined with 17 words related to prenatal testing. RESULTS Search resulted in 408 publications covering 13 types of ichthyoses and four types of tests. DISCUSSION Biochemical testing is diagnostic in trichothiodystrophy, but nonspecific in X-linked ichthyosis and Refsum syndrome. Except in X-linked ichthyosis, biochemical testing requires invasive procedures to obtain fetal skin biopsy, amniocytes, or chorionic villus samples. It is superior to histological and cytological examination of fetal skin biopsy or amniocytes because keratinization occurs later in pregnancy and microscopy cannot differentiate between ichthyosis types. Imaging is more acceptable due to noninvasiveness and routine use, although ultrasonography is operator-dependent, nonspecific, and captures abnormalities at late stage. Molecular tests are described in at-risk pregnancies but testing of free fetal DNA was not described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manahel Mahmood Alsabbagh
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders & Department of Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Kordeva SA, Batashki I, Tchernev G. Netherton syndrome in a Bulgarian patient : Presentation of a case and an update of therapeutic options. Wien Med Wochenschr 2023; 173:276-286. [PMID: 36695942 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-022-00999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Comel-Netherton syndrome, or Netherton syndrome (NS), is a rare chronic genetic skin condition affecting the daily life of patients, which often results in poorly developed social skills and anxiety. Genetic predisposition plays a key role alongside the clinical findings, and clinicians must be aware of it as it can mimic other well-known skin conditions. Diagnosis is challenging both clinically and histologically. Clinically, it can mimic a severe form of atopic dermatitis, psoriasiform dermatitis overlapping with atopic dermatitis, or erythrokeratodermia variabilis. The difficulties in making histological diagnosis are similar, and it is often necessary to take several biopsies in order to clarify the diagnosis. Although retinoids are used for both psoriasis, erythrokeratodermia variabilis, and other congenital forms of keratodermia, the recommended treatment doses are different. This often results in poor treatment outcome. We present a 16-year-old patient previously diagnosed as erythrokeratodermia variabilis and treated with little to no improvement. Systemic therapy with acitretin 10 mg daily, local pimecrolimus 1%, emollients, and bilastine 20 mg once daily was initiated. Due to the limited application of retinoids and the difficulties in achieving permanent remission, modern medicine is faced with the challenge of seeking innovative therapeutic solutions. New hopes are placed on targeted or anti-cytokine therapy, based on inhibiting the inflammatory component of the disease. This article is mainly focused on innovative therapeutic options, including modern medications such as dupilumab, infliximab, secukinumab, anakinra, omalizumab, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Atanasova Kordeva
- Onkoderma-Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, General Skobelev 26, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ilia Batashki
- Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior, General Skobelev 79, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Tchernev
- Onkoderma-Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, General Skobelev 26, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior, General Skobelev 79, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Lv Z, Wu K, Qin X, Yuan J, Yan M, Zhang J, Wang L, Ji T, Cao W, Chen W. A Novel Tumor Suppressor SPINK5 Serves as an Independent Prognostic Predictor for Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4855-4869. [PMID: 32606974 PMCID: PMC7320891 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s236266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5), which encodes the product of serine protease inhibitor lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) was found to be down-regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using oligonucleotide microarrays. However, the function and clinical implications of SPINK5/LEKTI remain obscure in HNSCC. METHODS The endogenous expression level of SPINK5/LEKTI was further verified in 9 HNSCC cell lines and HNSCCs by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The biological function of SPINK5/LEKTI was investigated in vitro and in vivo experiments. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to determine the correlation between SPINK5/LEKTI expression and clinical outcome. RESULTS Down-regulation expression of SPINK5/LEKTI was found in six out of nine HNSCC cell lines and in 85.7% HNSCC specimens (P<0.0001). Upon silencing of SPINK5/LEKTI, the cell proliferation, plate colony formation and cell invasion of WU-HN6 cells were significantly increased, while exogenous overexpression of SPINK5/LEKTI, the proliferation, plate colony and invasion of WU-HN13 and HN30 cells were remarkably inhibited with the arrest of G1 cell cycle (P=0.0001, P=0.003, respectively). HNSCC patients with lower LEKTI levels had significantly inferior overall survival compared to those patients with higher LEKTI (P=0.0017) by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis revealed that LEKTI expression was an independent prognostic predictor for HNSCC patients (HR=0.114, 95% CI:0.044-0.292, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that SPINK5/LEKTI might be a tumor suppressor in HNSCCs and serve as an independent prognostic predictor for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wantao Chen; Wei Cao Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Email ;
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Sarri CA, Roussaki-Schulze A, Vasilopoulos Y, Zafiriou E, Patsatsi A, Stamatis C, Gidarokosta P, Sotiriadis D, Sarafidou T, Mamuris Z. Netherton Syndrome: A Genotype-Phenotype Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 21:137-152. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mathew R, Omole OB, Rigby J, Grayson W. Adult-onset acral peeling skin syndrome in a non-identical twin: a case report in South Africa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2014; 15:589-92. [PMID: 25549719 PMCID: PMC4319446 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.892110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 44 Final Diagnosis: Acral peeeling skin syndrome Symptoms: Recurrent skin exfoliation Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Skin biopsy Specialty: Dermatology
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Mathew
- Family Medicine Unit, Sedibeng District Health Services, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Olufemi B Omole
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Rigby
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital, Johannesburg and the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wayne Grayson
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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