Gene-environment interaction among GSTT1, PON2 polymorphisms and organic solvents on gestational age in a Chinese women cohort

Biomarkers of occupational benzene exposure: A Systematic Review to estimate the exposure levels and individual susceptibility at low doses

Benzene is associated with diverse occupational and public health hazards. It exhibits an ability to rapidly permeate the skin and contaminate water and food sources, leading to dermal and ingestion exposures. Despite numerous studies examining the associations between benzene and various indicators of harm, the findings have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, relying solely on air concentration as a measure of benzene exposure is limited, as it fails to account for internal exposure dose and individual susceptibility. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review in order to present current knowledge on benzene biomarkers and their significance in evaluating exposure levels and associated health hazards. The search methodology adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and involved the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria across multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated the relevant data based on predetermined criteria. Following the screening process, a total of 80 articles were considered eligible out of the initially retrieved 1053 articles after undergoing screening and assessment for inclusion. As the level of exposure decreased, specific biomarkers demonstrated a gradual increase in limitations, including heightened background concentrations and vulnerability to confounding factors. The advancement of sampling and analysis techniques will yield new biomarkers. Additionally, when conducting practical work, it is crucial to employ a comprehensive utilization of diverse biomarkers while excluding individual metabolic variations and combined exposure factors.

Cross-sectional associations between genetic polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes and longer leukocyte telomere length induced by omethoate

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the effects of genetic polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes on relative telomere length changes and explore the mechanism of canceration induced by omethoate.

Materials and Methods

180 long-term omethoate-exposed workers and 115 healthy controls were recruited. Real-time PCR method was applied to determine the relative telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes DNA, and Six polymorphic loci of GSTT1(+/−), GSTM1(+/−), GSTP1 rs1695, CYP2E1 rs6413432, CYP2E1 rs3813867 and PON2 rs12026 were detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method; Multiple linear regression was conducted to explore the effects of omethoate exposure and genetic polymorphisms on the telomere length.

Results

The relative telomere lengths in the control group (0.94 [0.76, 1.32]) were significantly shorter than that in the exposure group (1.50 [1.11, 2.57]) (Z = 7.910, P < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the relative telomere lengths of the GSTM1-deletion individuals were significantly longer than that of the non - deletion genotype in the control group (Z = 2.911, P = 0.004), and the relative telomere lengths of GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism locus (GG+AG) genotype individuals were longer than that of AA genotype in the exposure group. The difference was statistically significant (Z = 2.262, P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis found that pesticide-exposure (b = 0.524, P < 0.001) and GSTM1 polymorphism (b = −0.136, P = 0.029) had an impact on telomere length.

Conclusions

The relative telomere lengths of omethoate-exposure workers were longer than that in the control population. Also GSTM1 genetic polymorphism may influence the changes of the telomere length induced by omethoate.