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Sharma P, Kumar Singh A, Senapati S, Singh Kapoor H, Devi Goyal L, Kaur B, Kamra P, Khetarpal P. Genetic Variants of Steroidogenesis and Gonadotropin Pathways and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:15-26. [PMID: 37878274 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants are predisposing factors to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a multifactorial condition that often gets triggered due to various environmental factors. The study investigates the association of the variants of genes that are involved in the steroidogenesis pathway or gonadotropin pathway with the risk of PCOS. Appropriate keywords for predetermined genes were used to search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Central Cochrane Library up to January 11, 2023. PROSPERO (CRD42022275425). Inclusion criteria: (a) case-control study; (b) genotype or allelic data. Exclusion criteria were: (a) duplicate studies; (b) clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis or conference abstract, case reports; (c) other than the English language; (d) having insufficient data; e) genetic variants for which meta-analysis has been reported recently and does not have a scope of the update. Various genetic models were applied as per data availability. Overall 12 variants of 7 genes were selected for the analysis. Relevant data were extracted from 47 studies which include 10,584 PCOS subjects and 16,150 healthy controls. Meta-analysis indicates a significant association between TOX3 rs4784165 [ORs = 1.08, 95% CI (1.00-1.16)], HMGA2 rs2272046 [ORs = 2.73, 95% CI (1.97-3.78)], YAP1 rs1894116 [OR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.13-1.33)] and increased risk of PCOS. Whereas FSHR rs2268361 [ORs = 0.84, 95% CI (0.78-0.89)] is associated with decreased PCOS risk. When sensitivity analysis was carried out, the association became significant for CYP19 rs700519 and FSHR rs6165 under an additive model. In addition, C9Orf3 rs3802457 became significantly associated with decreased PCOS risk with the removal of one study. Insignificant association was observed for CYP19A (rs2470152), FSHR (rs2349415, rs6166), C9Orf3 (rs4385527), GnRH1 (rs6185) and risk of PCOS. Our findings suggest association of CYP19A (rs700519), TOX3 (rs4784165), HMGA2 (rs2272046), FSHR (rs6165, rs2268361), C9orf3 (rs3802457), and YAP1 (rs1894116) with risk for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhilash Kumar Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Lajya Devi Goyal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Bathinda, India
| | - Balpreet Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Bathinda, India
| | - Pooja Kamra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamra Hospital, Malout, India
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Dadachanji R, Khavale S, Joshi N, Patil A, Mukherjee S. Susceptibility loci identified in Han Chinese influence genetic predisposition of PCOS in Indian women. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:160. [PMID: 38252377 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of reproductive and metabolic perturbations, necessitating early timely diagnosis and management. PCOS is a multigenic disorder and ample evidence from family based, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has implicated genetic factors in development and progression of PCOS. The first GWASs in Han Chinese population revealed prominent gene loci to be strong contenders in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS. However, different ethnic and geographical settings impact the genetic association pattern of PCOS. METHODS AND RESULTS In the current case-control replication study, we have genotyped previously identified polymorphisms viz. rs2479106 and rs10818854 of DENND1A and rs13405728 of LHCGR, rs4385527 and rs3802457 of c9orf3, rs705702 of RAB5B and rs1894116 of YAP1 in control (N = 247) and PCOS (N = 504) women by Sanger sequencing, and their association with PCOS susceptibility and its related traits was investigated. We found significant association of rs4385527 of c9orf3 and rs1894116 of YAP1 with decreased and increased PCOS susceptibility respectively in non-hyperandrogenic women. Trend towards association was also noted for rs2479106 of DENND1A and rs705702 of RAB5B. Additionally, polymorphisms also showed association with metabolic and androgen related traits in both controls and hyper- and non-hyperandrogenic women with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Thus, this study shows that some, but not all polymorphisms previously identified in Han Chinese women, could contribute to the genetic pathophysiology of PCOS in Indian women, accentuating essentiality of conducting replication studies to elucidate the genetic predisposition profile of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dadachanji
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sushma Khavale
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Nanda Joshi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Srabani Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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Singh S, Kaur M, Beri A, Kaur A. Significance of LHCGR polymorphisms in polycystic ovary syndrome: an association study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22841. [PMID: 38129424 PMCID: PMC10739822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the association of Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor (LHCGR) gene rs4953616 and rs7371084 polymorphisms with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Punjab, India. A total of 823 women (443 PCOS cases and 380 healthy controls) were enrolled in the present study. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP) was used for genotyping. Anthropometric parameters, lipid and hormonal profiles, were compared between the two groups. Demographic features were compared using Mann Whitney U test while the Chi-square test and odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess the genetic association and risk towards PCOS, respectively. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed to analyze the correlation of genotypes with baseline parameters in PCOS cases. A statistically significant difference was revealed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs4953616 polymorphism between PCOS cases and controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mutant genotype (TT), mutant allele (T), and recessive model of rs4953616 polymorphism conferred 1.77, 1.3, and 1.5 times risk towards PCOS, respectively. No significant distribution for genotypes and alleles was found for rs7371084 in both groups (p = 0.25 and p = 0.26, respectively). In addition to dyslipidemia, PCOS women also had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), testosterone (T), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Upon haplotype analysis, the TT haplotype was found to be significantly associated with the increased risk of PCOS. Our results demonstrated a significant role of LHCGR rs4953616 polymorphism in the development of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhjashanpreet Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Archana Beri
- Beri Maternity Hospital, Southend Beri Fertility and IVF, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Xu Y, Wang E, Liu T, Wang S, Wu F, Zhao X, Wang A. Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel homozygous missense mutation of LHCGR gene in primary infertile women with empty follicle syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2436-2445. [PMID: 37462066 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The genetic basis of empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is largely unknown, and the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic causes of EFS in primary infertile women. METHODS Four affected women diagnosed with anovulation were recruited, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was requested for the genetic diagnosis of the cases. One hundred healthy controls were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A novel homozygous variant of the LHCGR gene (NM_000233:c.1847C>A) was revealed in one affected individual by WES. Trios analysis of the mutation revealed an autosomal recessive pattern. This LHCGR variant was absent in 100 healthy controls and predicted to be highly damaging to the function of LHCGR. CONCLUSIONS The novel variant extends the mutational spectrum of the LHCGR gene associated with female sterility, which promotes the prognostic value of testing for LHCGR mutations in infertile women with EFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Teaching and Research Office of Medical Genetics, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, China
| | - Tianfeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Surong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Fengxia Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Ancong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
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Kaur M, Singh S, Kaur A. Polymorphisms in FSHR modulating susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome: an updated meta-analysis. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:183. [PMID: 37653412 PMCID: PMC10472705 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two polymorphisms, rs6165 and rs6166 located in the intracellular domain of FSHR has been reported to affect folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis and oocyte maturation. Several studies have highlighted the role of FSHR polymorphisms in PCOS but the findings are conflicting. A meta-analysis was carried out to decipher the emerging perspectives. METHODOLOGY A comprehensive literature search was made using PubMed, PCOSkb, and Google Scholar. New Ottawa Scale has been utilized to evaluate the quality of each article. To evaluate the strength of association under different genetic models of rs6165 and rs6166 polymorphisms, odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. RESULTS A total of 20 articles were selected for the present study. In pooled analysis and after the stratification by ethnicity, polymorphism rs6165 remains unrelated to the onset of PCOS. Besides, rs6166 exhibits significant protection in the Indian population under recessive, additive, and allele models (OR = 0.7, CI: 0.54-0.9, p = 0.006, OR = 0.65, CI: 0.48-0.89, p = 0.006, OR = 0.82, CI: 0.7-0.95, p = 0.01, respectively) and low to moderate risk in the Caucasian population under allele model (OR = 1.17, CI: 1.04-1.32, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that GG genotype of rs6166 provides protection against PCOS, in a population-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Sukhjashanpreet Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Almawi WY, Nemr R, Atazhanova T, Malalla ZH, Sarray S, Mustafa FE, Mahmood NA. Differential Association of FTO Gene variants and Haplotypes with the Susceptibility to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome According To Obesity in Women with PCOS. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2166-2176. [PMID: 36602653 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We explored the relation between FTO single gene variants (rs1861868, rs9939973, rs1421085, rs1121980, rs17817449, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs9930506, and rs8044769) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in particular, according to the obesity status. This retrospective population-based case-control study involved women with PCOS (583) and 713 eumenorrheic control women; genotyping was done by real-time PCR. Significantly higher minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs9939973, rs17817449, rs9939609, and rs9930506 and lower MAF of rs1121980 were seen in PCOS cases. Lower risk of PCOS was associated with rs1121980 and rs8050136 heterozygous and minor allele-homozygous genotypes, while an elevated risk of PCOS was seen with minor allele-homozygous rs9939973, rs17817449, and r9939609 heterozygous and genotypes and minor allele-homozygous rs9930506 and rs8044769 genotype. While none of the tested FTO SNPs variants was associated with PCOS in normal body weight/lean subjects, rs9939973, rs9939609, and rs9930506 were negatively associated with PCOS in overweight subjects. In comparison, rs1861868 was negatively, while rs8044769 was positively associated with PCOS in obese subjects. Haplotype analysis identified haplotypes GACCTCTAT, AACCTCTAT, AACCTATAT and AGTTGCAGC, and GACCTCTAC to be positively associated with PCOS, while haplotypes GGTTGAAGC, GACCTATAT, GGTTGCAGC, and GATCTATAT were negatively associated with PCOS. Apart from GGTTGAAGC, these haplotypes remained associated with altered risk of PCOS after adjusting for covariates. In addition to rs17817449, rs9939609, rs9930506, and rs1121980, this study is the first to demonstrate association of rs9939973 and rs8044769 with altered risk of PCOS and the first to confirm the BMI dependency on the association of FTO variants with PCOS. This underscores the role of FTO gene variants as predisposing factors of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Y Almawi
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Rita Nemr
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Zainab H Malalla
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sameh Sarray
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Fekria E Mustafa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Naeema A Mahmood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
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Alshammary AF, Alsobaie SF, Alageel AA, Aldakheel FM, Ansar S, Alrashoudi R, Farzan R, Alturki NA, Alhaizan MA, Al-Mutawa J, Ali Khan I. Molecular Role of Asn680Ser and Asp37Glu Missense Variants in Saudi Women with Female Infertility and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5494-5514. [PMID: 37504264 PMCID: PMC10378235 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Female infertility (FI) is a global health issue. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of FI. The renalase gene (RNLS) is associated with FI and other human diseases. Based on the documented missense variants, rs6166 and rs2296545 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were not identified in Saudi women with FI and PCOS. This study aimed to investigate the molecular role of the two SNPs in Saudi women with FI and PCOS. In this cross-sectional study, 96 healthy controls, 96 women with FI, and 96 women with PCOS were recruited. DNA was isolated, and polymerase chain reactions and Sanger sequencing analysis were performed using rs6166 and rs2296545 SNPs. The data obtained from the three groups were used to perform statistical analyses based on genotype, allele frequencies, regression models, and ANOVA analysis. Both rs6166 and rs2296545 had no role in FI or PCOS in Saudi women. A predicted reason for non-association in Saudi women could be the role of elderly women in the controls compared with women with FI and PCOS. Moreover, age, weight, and body mass index were higher in the control group than the FI and PCOS groups. In conclusion, rs6166 and rs2296545 SNPs were not associated with FI or PCOS in Saudi women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal F Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah F Alsobaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A Alageel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alrashoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Farzan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Abdulhadi Alhaizan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johara Al-Mutawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Almawi WY, Zidi S, Sghaier I, El-Ghali RM, Daldoul A, Midlenko A. Novel Association of IGF2BP2 Gene Variants With Altered Risk of Breast Cancer and as Potential Molecular Biomarker of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:272-280. [PMID: 36653207 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies documented that insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) contributes to carcinogenesis, and 1 report documented the association of IGF2BP2 rs4402960 with increased risk of breast cancer (BC). This study investigated the association of rs4402960 and rs1470579 IGF2BP2 variants with BC and triple negative BC (TNBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study included 488 BC patients comprising 130 TNBC and 358 non-TNBC patients, and 476 cancer-free controls. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral venous blood, and genotyping was done by allelic exclusion method on real-time PCR. RESULTS The rs440960, but not rs1470579, minor allele was significantly associated with BC, and significantly higher rs4402960 T/T genotype frequency was noted in BC patients than controls; the distribution of rs1470579 genotypes were comparable between BC patients and controls. In contrast, significantly lower rs1470579 minor allele frequency, and reduced rs1470579 A/C and C/C, and rs4402960 T/T genotype frequencies were seen in TNBC cases. Among TNBC cases, rs4402960 and rs1470579 correlated with menses pattern, histological type, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use and hormonotherapy. Among non-TNBC patients, and rs1470579 correlated significantly with breast feeding, oral contraceptive use, hormonotherapy, and nodal status; rs4402960 also correlated with menses pattern. Two-locus (rs440960-rs1470579) haplotype analysis confirmed the positive association of TC, and negative association of GC and TA haplotypes with BC, while TC and GC haplotypes were negatively associated with TNBC. CONCLUSION Whereas rs440960 was positively associated with BC, both rs4402960 and rs1470579 were negatively associated with TNBC, suggesting potential diagnostic/prognostic role in BC and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Y Almawi
- Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia; Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Sabrina Zidi
- Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Sghaier
- Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rabeb M El-Ghali
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Daldoul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Anna Midlenko
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Vieira IH, Carvalho AF, Almeida Reis S, Carreira AL, Dias C, Fernandes S, Ferreira AF, Rodrigues D, Sousa AP, Ramalho-Santos J, Ramalhinho AC, Moura Ramos M, Paiva I, Cortesão P, Almeida-Santos AT. Association Between Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) rs6166 and Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) rs2234693 Polymorphisms and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Risk, Phenotype, and Reproductive Outcomes in an Infertile Portuguese Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e35690. [PMID: 37012960 PMCID: PMC10066722 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder often leading to anovulatory infertility. PCOS pathophysiology is still unclear and several potential genetic susceptibility factors have been proposed. The effect of polymorphisms in two genesrelated to follicular recruitment and development, the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), have been studied in different populations with contradictory results. AIMS To evaluate the influence of FSHR rs6166 (c.2039A>G) and of ESR1 rs2234693 (Pvull c.453-397 T > C) polymorphisms on PCOS risk, phenotype, and response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotyping of the FSHR rs6166 and the ESR1 rs2234693 polymorphisms was performed in PCOS women and a control group undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data, genotype frequency, and IVF outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS We evaluated 88 PCOS women and 80 controls. There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution of FSHR rs6166 polymorphism between PCOS women and controls (AA 31.8%/AS 48.9%/SS 19.3% in PCOS women vs AA 37.5%/AS 40.0%/SS 22.5% in controls; p = 0.522). The same was true for the ESR1 rs2234693 (CC 24.1%/CT 46.0%/TT 29.9% in PCOS women vs CC 18.8%/CT 48.8%/TT 32.5% in controls; p = 0.697). In PCOS women, we found higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels on the third day of the menstrual cycle associated with the SS variant of the FSHR polymorphism (9.2 vs 6.2 ± 1.6 and 5.6 ± 1.6 mUI/mL; p = 0.011). We did not find other associations between the baseline hormonal parameters, antral follicle count, and response measures to COS with FSHR or ESR1 genotypes. We found, however, a need for higher cumulative doses of FSH for COS in patients with the SS variant of the FSHR rs6166 polymorphism (1860.5 ± 627.8 IU for SSvs 1498.1 ± 359.3 for AA and 1425.4 ± 474.8 for SA; p = 0.046 and p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that in the population, FSHR rs6166and ESR1 rs2234693 polymorphisms do not influence the risk of developing PCOS nor do they influence the patient's phenotype and IVF success. However, the SS variant of the FSHR rs6166 polymorphism may be associated with FSH resistance requiring higher FSH doses for COS.
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Analyzing the Impact of FSHR Variants on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-a Case-Control Study in Punjab. Reprod Sci 2023:10.1007/s43032-023-01194-z. [PMID: 36821034 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic syndrome that involves hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and/or small cysts in one or both ovaries which might lead to infertility in women. The genetics of PCOS is heterogenous with the involvement of several genes reported in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis regulation are both critically dependent on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The variants of FSHR cause abnormal folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and oocyte maturation at various stages of growth and may render women more susceptible to PCOS development. The present case-control study evaluated the association of FSHR rs6165 and rs6166 variants with PCOS. A total of 743 females were recruited. PCR-RFLP method was used for the genotypic analysis of FSHR polymorphisms. Obesity was examined according to the categorization of body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Biochemical analysis, including a lipid profile, LH, FSH, and testosterone levels, was done in both PCOS women and controls. BMI and WHR revealed a statistically significant difference between PCOS cases and controls. Overall, levels of HDL were significantly lower, whereas cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels were higher in PCOS women (p < 0.05). The genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs6165 and rs6166 did not demonstrate significant differences when PCOS women were compared with the control group. However, clinical features of PCOS including gonadotropic hormone (FSH), hyperandrogenism, and dyslipidemia were significantly correlated with variants of FSHR. The present study concludes that rs6165 and rs6166 were significantly related to clinical features of PCOS, regardless of providing direct disease risk.
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Haddad-Filho H, Tosatti JAG, Vale FM, Gomes KB, Reis FM. Updates in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome-related infertility. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:123-132. [PMID: 36856088 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2177536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects approximately 13% of reproductive age women and is characterized by androgen excess, menstrual irregularity and altered ovarian morphology. PCOS presents a complex etiology and pathophysiology, which still requires a detailed investigation of biochemical signatures to identify the molecules and mechanisms that govern it. AREAS COVERED This narrative review summarizes the main molecular alterations found in the ovarian follicular fluid, endometrium and placenta of women with PCOS, and the genotypes potentially associated with the outcome of infertility treatments in PCOS. EXPERT OPINION PCOS is associated with multiple alterations in growth factors, sex steroid hormones, reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines, which contribute to follicle arrest/ anovulation or suboptimal corpus luteum function, and ultimately to menstrual irregularity and hyperandrogenic symptoms. A panel of PCOS biomarkers should include, besides ovarian products, markers of adipose tissue function, insulin resistance, vascular health, and low-grade chronic inflammation. The effects of ovarian stimulation drugs on infertile women with PCOS are likely to be modified by genetic factors, but the available evidence is heterogeneous; therefore, future studies should evaluate standard treatments and pre-specified outcomes of interest to provide more conclusive answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio Haddad-Filho
- Graduate Program in Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A G Tosatti
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Vale
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karina B Gomes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Effect Modification of LHCGR Gene Variant (rs2293275) on Clinico-Biochemical Profile, and Levels of Luteinizing Hormone in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-022-10327-z. [PMID: 36633772 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifaceted endocrine disorder among reproductive-aged women. Deranged luteinizing hormone levels and associated downstream signaling cascade mediated by its receptor luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) are pivotal in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS. Genetic variations in the LHCGR have been associated with PCOS risk. However, the results are mixed and inconclusive. We evaluated the association of the LHCGR rs2293275 polymorphic variant with PCOS risk and its association with clinico-biochemical features of PCOS. 120 confirmed PCOS cases and an equal number of age-matched controls were subjected to clinical, biochemical, and hormonal investigations. Genotyping for rs2293275 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) at 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In the current study, PCOS cases reported a lower number of menstrual cycles per year than respective controls. A significantly higher BMI, Ferriman Galway score, levels of serum testosterone, insulin, TSH, FSH, and fasting glucose were observed in cases than in controls (p < 0.01). Compared to GG carriers, we observed a higher risk of developing PCOS in the subjects who harbored GA (OR 10.4, p < 0.0001) or AA (OR 7.73, p = 0.02) genotype. The risk persisted in the dominant model (GA + AA) as well (OR 10.29, p = 0.01). On stratification, a higher risk of developing PCOS was observed in variant genotype carriers who had a family history of either type two diabetes mellitus (OR 117; p < 0.0001) or hirsutism (OR 79; p < 0.0001). We also found significantly elevated levels of serum LH levels in the subject harboring GA and AA genotypes when compared to GG carriers. In the present study, we report a significant association of the LHCGR rs2293275 variant with the PCOS risk.
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13
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Singh S, Kaur M, Kaur R, Beri A, Kaur A. Association analysis of LHCGR variants and polycystic ovary syndrome in Punjab: a case-control approach. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:335. [PMID: 36585675 PMCID: PMC9805054 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder that affects women at their child bearing age. The exact etiology is uncertain, however the involvement of multiple genes and environmental interactions has been proposed for the advancement of PCOS. The aim of present study was to evaluate the association of LHCGR variants (rs2293275 and rs12470652) with PCOS in Punjab. METHODS The present case-control study comprised a total of 743 women (421 PCOS cases and 322 healthy controls). Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). Biochemical analysis was carried out to measure the levels of cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). All the statistical analysis was done using SPSS (version21, IBM SPSS, NY, USA). RESULTS The mutant genotype (AA) and mutant allele (A) of rs2293275 conferred 1.7 and 1.3 fold risk, respectively and mutant allele (C) of rs12470652 conferred 2.3 fold risks towards PCOS progression. Levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were elevated and HDL levels were lower in PCOS cases as compared to controls. Total testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were also found to be higher in PCOS cases. CONCLUSION Our study postulated that LHCGR variants are playing a cardinal role in the progression of PCOS and can be used to assess the risk of PCOS in women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhjashanpreet Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Ratneev Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Archana Beri
- Beri Maternity Hospital, Southend Beri Fertility and IVF, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005.
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14
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Alarcón-Granados MC, Moreno-Ortíz H, Esteban-Pérez CI, Ferrebuz-Cardozo A, Camargo-Villalba GE, Forero-Castro M. Assessment of THADA gene polymorphisms in a sample of Colombian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09673. [PMID: 35711992 PMCID: PMC9194581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial and polygenic endocrine-metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. SNPs in the THADA gene have been identified as PCOS risk loci. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of five polymorphisms in a sample of Colombian women with PCOS, and their association with clinical and endocrine-metabolic parameters. Forty-nine women with PCOS and forty-nine healthy women were included. Allelic discrimination was performed in the THADA gene by iPLEX and the MassARRAY system (Agena Bioscience). Haploview software was conducted to analyze the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotypes of polymorphisms. There was an association between the genotypes TT of rs12468394, CC + AA of rs12468394, and GG of rs6544661 and an increase in the levels of free testosterone. The CC + AA of rs12468394 genotype also was associated with an increase of androstenedione levels. THADA gene SNPs were not associated with PCOS risk. There was very strong LD among the SNPs. No significant differences in the frequency of haplotypes between groups were observed. The statistical power of this analysis is low because of the small number of samples analyzed. Additional studies involving large populations of Colombian women with PCOS are needed to verify the role of the THADA gene in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Alarcón-Granados
- Facultad de Ciencias. Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | | | | | - Atilio Ferrebuz-Cardozo
- Programa de Medicina. Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud. Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia
| | | | - Maribel Forero-Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias. Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
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15
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Islam H, Masud J, Islam YN, Haque FKM. An update on polycystic ovary syndrome: A review of the current state of knowledge in diagnosis, genetic etiology, and emerging treatment options. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2022; 18:17455057221117966. [PMID: 35972046 PMCID: PMC9386861 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221117966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, which is still incurable. However, the symptoms can be successfully managed with proper medication and lifestyle interventions. Despite its prevalence, little is known about its etiology. In this review article, the up-to-date diagnostic features and parameters recommended on the grounds of evidence-based data and different guidelines are explored. The ambiguity and insufficiency of data when diagnosing adolescent women have been put under special focus. We look at some of the most recent research done to establish relationships between different gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome in various populations along with the underestimated impact of environmental factors like endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the reproductive health of these women. Furthermore, the article concludes with existing treatments options and the scopes for advancement in the near future. Various therapies have been considered as potential treatment through multiple randomized controlled studies, and clinical trials conducted over the years are described in this article. Standard therapies ranging from metformin to newly found alternatives based on vitamin D and gut microbiota could shine some light and guidance toward a permanent cure for this female reproductive health issue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiya Islam
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jaasia Masud
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yushe Nazrul Islam
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahim Kabir Monjurul Haque
- Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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16
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Koloda YA, Denisova YV, Podzolkova NM. Genetic polymorphisms of reproductive hormones and their receptors in assisted reproduction technology for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:111-122. [PMID: 34851566 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of childbearing, which is defined by the accumulation of multiple, small fluid-filled ovarian cysts without the selection of a single dominant follicle. Most PCOS phenotypes are characterized by the absence of spontaneous ovulation, resistance toward ovulation inductors, the production of a large immature oocytes number, and the high prevalence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, resulting in reduced assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs effectiveness. The review analyses current data about the relationship between polymorphism genotypes of KISS genes, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and their receptors genes, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), estrogen, and progesterone receptors genes, the PCOS risk and the features of ovarian response to stimulation during ART cycles. The use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as prognostic markers of ART programs outcomes would provide a personalized approach to the drugs and doses choice for ovarian stimulation and significantly increase the chance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Koloda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatric Faculty, FSBEI FPE "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V Denisova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatric Faculty, FSBEI FPE "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia M Podzolkova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatric Faculty, FSBEI FPE "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
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17
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Eiras MC, Pinheiro DP, Romcy KAM, Ferriani RA, Reis RMD, Furtado CLM. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: the Epigenetics Behind the Disease. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:680-694. [PMID: 33826098 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting approximately 5-20% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is a multifactorial, complex, and heterogeneous disease, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries, which may lead to impaired fertility. Besides the reproductive outcomes, multiple comorbidities, such as metabolic disturbances, insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are associated with PCOS. In addition to the clear genetic basis, epigenetic alterations may also play a central role in PCOS outcomes, as environmental and hormonal alterations directly affect clinical manifestations and PCOS development. Here, we highlighted the epigenetic modifications in the multiplicity of clinical manifestations, as well as environmental epigenetic disruptors, as intrauterine hormonal and metabolic alterations affecting embryo development and the adulthood lifestyle, which may contribute to PCOS development. Additionally, we also discussed the new approaches for future studies and potential epigenetic biomarkers for the treatment of associated comorbidities and improvement in quality of life of women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Credendio Eiras
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pascoalino Pinheiro
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Kalil Andrade Mubarac Romcy
- Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical and Surgical Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Maria Dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, SP, Brazil. .,Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical and Surgical Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil.
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18
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Castillo-Higuera T, Alarcón-Granados MC, Marin-Suarez J, Moreno-Ortiz H, Esteban-Pérez CI, Ferrebuz-Cardozo AJ, Forero-Castro M, Camargo-Vill Alba G. A Comprehensive Overview of Common Polymorphic Variants in Genes Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:2399-2412. [PMID: 33174186 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine-metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by an increase in the biosynthesis of androgens, anovulation, and infertility. PCOS has been reported as a polygenic entity in which multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the clinical features of the pathology. Herein, we describe the common polymorphic variants in genes related to PCOS, their role in its pathogenesis, and etiology. Whole-genome association studies have been focused on women from Asian and European populations. The most common genes associated with PCOS are DENND1A, THADA, FSHR, and LHCGR. However, other genes have been associated with PCOS such as AMH, AMHR2, ADIPOQ, FTO, HNF1A, CYP19, YAP1, HMGA2, RAB5B, SUOX, INSR, and TOX3. Nevertheless, the relationship between the biological functions of these genes and the development of the pathology is unclear. Studies in each gene in different populations do not always comply with a general pattern, so researching these variants is essential for better understanding of this polygenic syndrome. Future population studies should be carried out to evaluate biological processes, incidence rates, allelic and genotypic frequencies, and genetic susceptibility factors that predispose PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Castillo-Higuera
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas. Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - María Camila Alarcón-Granados
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas. Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Johana Marin-Suarez
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas. Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Maribel Forero-Castro
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas. Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, 150003, Colombia.
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19
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Zhang X, Xiao H, Zhang X, E Q, Gong X, Li T, Han Y, Ying X, Cherrington BD, Xu B, Liu X, Zhang X. Decreased microRNA-125b-5p disrupts follicle steroidogenesis through targeting PAK3/ERK1/2 signalling in mouse preantral follicles. Metabolism 2020; 107:154241. [PMID: 32304754 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperandrogenism is one of the major characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Abnormal miR-125b-5p expression has been documented in multiple diseases, but whether miR-125b-5p is associated with aberrant steroidogenesis in preantral follicles remains unknown. METHODS Steriod hormone concentrations and miR-125b-5p expression were measured in clinical serum samples from PCOS patients. Using a mouse preantral follicle culture model and a letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model, we investigated the mechanism underlying miR-125b-5p regulation of androgen and oestrogen secretion. RESULTS The decreased miR-125b-5p expression was observed in the sera from hyperandrogenic PCOS (HA-PCOS) patients. In mouse preantral follicles, inhibiting miR-125b-5p increased the expression of androgen synthesis-related genes and stimulated the secretion of testosterone, while simultaneously downregulating oestrogen synthesis-related genes and decreasing oestradiol release. Ectopically expressed miR-125b-5p reversed the effects on steroidogenesis-related gene expression and hormone release. Mechanistic studies identified Pak3 as a direct target of miR-125b-5p. Furthermore, inhibiting miR-125b-5p facilitated the activation of ERK1/2 in mouse preantral follicles, while inhibiting Pak3 abrogated this activating effect. These results were recapitulated in letrozole-induced PCOS mouse ovaries. Of note, inhibiting PAK3 antagonised the positive effect of miR-125b-5p siRNA on the expressions of androgen synthesis-related enzymes and testosterone secretion. Luteinizing hormone (LH) inhibited miR-125b-5p expression, and stimulated Pak3 expression. CONCLUSION High serum LH concentrations in PCOS patients repress miR-125b-5p expression, which further increases Pak3 expression, leading to activation of ERK1/2 signalling, thus stimulating the expression of androgen synthesis-related enzymes and testosterone secretion in HA-PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiukai E
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Brian D Cherrington
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Boqun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Ezzidi I, Mtiraoui N, Mohmmed Ali ME, Al Masoudi A, Abu Duhier F. Adiponectin ( ADIPOQ) gene variants and haplotypes in Saudi Arabian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:66-71. [PMID: 31242787 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1632830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the association of nine SNPs on ADIPOQ on the PCOS risk among Saudi Arabian Women. A case-control study, including 162 cases and 162 controls in Saudi Arabia, was enrolled. Genotyping was carried out by the allelic discrimination method. Estimated haplotype frequencies were assessed using the maximum likelihood method. Results showed that ADIPOQ SNPs were not associated with PCOS for allelic and genotypic frequencies (p > .05). In haplotype estimation analysis, a significant positive association was detected between 21211 haplotype (rs2241766/rs1501299/rs2241767/rs3774261/rs17366743) in additive model with increased risk of PCOS (p = .009, OR = 2.16 [1.22-3.82] CI 95%). None of the nine SNPs illustrated significant association with the quantitative traits after multiple test corrections. These results support a significant association of 21211 haplotype (rs2241766/rs1501299/rs2241767/rs3774261/rs17366743) of ADIPOQ gene in Saudi women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intissar Ezzidi
- Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Using Advance Technology for Diseases Detection and Treatment, Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases, LR12ES07, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Mtiraoui
- Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Using Advance Technology for Diseases Detection and Treatment, Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases, LR12ES07, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Aqeel Al Masoudi
- King Abdulaziz Airbase Armed Forces Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisel Abu Duhier
- Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Using Advance Technology for Diseases Detection and Treatment, Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Kim JJ, Choi YM. Phenotype and genotype of polycystic ovary syndrome in Asia: Ethnic differences. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2330-2337. [PMID: 31588677 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, and ethnic diversity has been reported in its manifestation. This review addressed phenotype and genetic studies in Asian women with PCOS. Generally, East Asians are less hirsute, and the hirsutism score cutoff is lower than the Caucasian counterpart. It is not clear whether there are any significant differences in the prevalence or severity of irregular menstruation (IM) or characteristics of polycystic ovary (PCO) across ethnicities. Interestingly, the IM/PCO subgroup is a relatively common phenotype in East Asian patients but not in Caucasian patients. The prevalence of insulin resistance in PCOS patients varies depending on the index used and the cutoff, but women with PCOS showed a higher degree of insulin resistance than those of controls across ethnicities. Lower body mass index (BMI) and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome were reported in East Asian patients, but despite lower BMI, a comparative study reported that Asian women with PCOS were more likely to have diabetes compared with Caucasian patients, suggesting they also have metabolic complications. Unlike East Asian patients, South Asian patients showed an increased degree of hirsutism, early onset of symptoms, and severe insulin resistance and metabolic risks compared with Caucasians. Genetic components play important roles in the pathogenesis of PCOS, and genome-wide association studies of PCOS suggest that similar genetic risk factors exist between Asian and Caucasian patients. Continuous comparative studies are needed to standardize the diagnosis and management of PCOS across different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Alviggi C, Conforti A, Santi D, Esteves SC, Andersen CY, Humaidan P, Chiodini P, De Placido G, Simoni M. Clinical relevance of genetic variants of gonadotrophins and their receptors in controlled ovarian stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:599-614. [PMID: 29924306 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genotype has been implicated in the outcome of ovarian stimulation. The analysis of patient-specific genotypes might lead to an individualized pharmacogenomic approach to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). However, the validity of such an approach remains to be established. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE To define the impact of specific genotype profiles of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and their receptors (FSHR, LHR and LHCGR) on ovarian stimulation outcome. Specifically, our aim was to identify polymorphisms that could be useful in clinical practice, and those that need further clinical investigation. SEARCH METHODS A systematic review followed by a meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines without time restriction. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases to identify all relevant studies published before January 2017. Only clinical trials published as full-text articles in peer-reviewed journals were included. The primary outcome was the number of oocytes retrieved. OUTCOMES Fifty-seven studies were assessed for eligibility, 33 of which were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Data were independently extracted using quality indicators. COS outcomes related to seven polymorphisms (FSHR [rs6165], FSHR [rs6166], FSHR [rs1394205], LHB [rs1800447], LHB [rs1056917], LHCGR [rs2293275] and LHCGR [rs13405728]) were evaluated. More oocytes were retrieved from FSHR (rs6165) AA homozygotes (five studies, 677 patients, weighted mean difference [WMD]: 1.85, 95% CI: 0.85-2.85, P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) than from GG homozygotes and AG heterozygotes (four studies, 630 patients, WMD: 1.62, 95% CI: 0.28-2.95, P = 0.020; I2 = 56%). Moreover, stimulation duration was shorter in FSHR (rs6165) AA homozygotes than in AG carriers (three studies, 588 patients, WMD -0.48, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.10, P = 0.010, I2 = 44%). A higher number of oocytes (21 studies, 2632 patients WMD: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.49, P = 0.01, I2 = 76%) and metaphase II oocytes (five studies, 608 patients, WMD: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.01-2.05, P = 0.050, I2 = 0%) was observed in AA than in GG homozygote carriers. FSH consumption was significantly lower in FSHR (rs1394205) GG homozygotes (three studies, 411 patients, WMD: -1294.61 IU, 95% CI: -593.08 to -1996.14 IU, P = 0.0003, I2 = 99%) and AG heterozygotes (three studies, 367 patients, WMD: -1014.36 IU, 95% CI: -364.11 to -1664.61 IU, P = 0.002, I2 = 99%) than in AA homozygotes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS These results support the clinical relevance of specific genotype profiles on reproductive outcome. Further studies are required to determine their application in a pharmacogenomic approach to ovarian stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.,Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, and Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- Androfert, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, and Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Humaidan
- Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark, and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Placido
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, and Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
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23
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Nsrallah AA, Abd-El Fatah AH, Ahmed HS. Genetic polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is associated with insulin resistance in Egyptian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3076. [PMID: 30743312 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common polymorphism (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and elevation of homocysteine. The present study aimed to investigate the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MTHFR 677C>T gene and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Two-hundred patients with PCOS were included in this case-control study: 100 patients with insulin resistance and 100 patients without insulin resistance were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS The TT genotype for the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was significantly more frequent in PCOS patients with insulin resistance than in PCOS patients without insulin resistance (19% versus 6%, p = 0.002), whereas there was no significant difference between both groups for CT and there was a statistically significant increase in the T allele in PCOS patients with insulin resistance compared to PCOS patients without insulin resistance (p = 0.002, odds ratio = 1.95 and 95% confidence interval = 1. 29-2.93). Regarding the relationship between MTHFR 677C>T genotypes and the characteristics of insulin resistance in PCOS patients, we found that there was no significant difference in age, waist-hip ratio and total testosterone between the different genotypes of the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism. The mean values for body mass index and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance were significantly higher in the TT genotype of MTHFR 677C>T compared to the CC genotype in PCOS patients with insulin resistance (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated an association of the MTHFR 677C>T gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in Egyptian women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Am Nsrallah
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Azza H Abd-El Fatah
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Ahmed
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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24
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Zou J, Wu D, Liu Y, Tan S. Association of luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome risk: a meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:81-85. [PMID: 30182769 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1498834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) gene polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A systematic literature search and meta-analysis using STATA software for included studies. Fourteen case-control studies containing rs13405728, rs4539842, and rs2293275 of LHCGR gene were included, which was comprised of 11,738 PCOS cases and 35,329 controls. Results of the meta-analysis showed a significant association between PCOS and rs13405728 (for G vs. A: OR = 0.735, 95% CI = 0.699-0.773, p<.001; For GG vs. AG + AA: OR = 0.578, 95% CI = 0.436-0.767, p<.001; For GG + AG vs. AA: OR = 0.817, 95% CI = 0.741-0.901, p<.001) in Asian populations, and rs4539842 (for ins/ins vs. ins/non + non/non: OR = 0.686, 95% CI = 0.483-0.974, p=.035) and rs2293275 (for AA vs. AG + GG: OR = 4.115, 95% CI = 1.033-16.38, p=.045) in Caucasian populations, respectively. LHCGR gene variations are population specifically associated with PCOS, which indicated these SNPs in LHCGR may contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS and could be used as potential biomarkers to predict the risk of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zou
- a Department of Parasitology , School of Medicine, University of South China , Hengyang , PR China
| | - Daichao Wu
- b Department of Histology and Embryology , Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South China , Hengyang , PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- a Department of Parasitology , School of Medicine, University of South China , Hengyang , PR China
| | - Sijie Tan
- b Department of Histology and Embryology , Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South China , Hengyang , PR China
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25
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Shaaban Z, Khoradmehr A, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Tamadon A. Pathophysiological mechanisms of gonadotropins- and steroid hormones-related genes in etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:3-16. [PMID: 30944702 PMCID: PMC6437453 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.31776.7646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy in women, which, unlike its impact on fertility and health of women, there is no clear understanding about the causal mechanisms of this pathogenesis. The aim of this review paper is to investigate the pathophysiological pathways affecting the PCOS etiology, based on functions of gonadotropins- and steroid hormones-related genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Due to different hormonal and metabolic signs of this complex disorder, different hypotheses are mentioned about etiology of this syndrome. Because of the heterogeneity of the reasons given for this syndrome and the spread of the effective genes in its pathophysiology, most of genes affected by sex-related hormonal imbalances are examined for discriminative diagnosis. For this purpose, published articles and reviews dealing with genetic evaluation of PCOS in women in peer-reviewed journals in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. RESULTS In previous studies, it has been well demonstrated that PCOS in some individuals have a genetic origin. Pathophysiological functions of genes are primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that have role in PCOS before hyperandrogenism including GnRHR, FSHβ, FSHR, LHCGR, CYP19A1, HSD17B, AR and SHBG, and their effects in PCOS of human have been confirmed. CONCLUSION Hormonal imbalances are the first reason mentioned in PCOS etiology, and usually characterized with menstrual irregularities in PCOS women. Hyperandrogenism and gonadotropin secretion disorders are shown in PCOS condition, which are related to steroidogenesis pathways and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disturbances, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaaban
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Laven JSE. Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Polymorphisms and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:23. [PMID: 30809190 PMCID: PMC6379247 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine abnormality in women of reproductive age typically presenting with chronic oligo- or anovulation, clinical, or biochemical hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). Restoring mono-ovulation is the ultimate goal of ovulation induction and most women do respond to ovulation inducing agents causing their Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels to rise. Familial clustering and the results from twin studies strongly support an underlying genetic basis for PCOS. Recent Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic variants being genome wide significantly associated with PCOS. Amongst those are variants in or near the Luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH receptor genes as well as a variant in the FSH-β gene. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence as to whether single nucleotide polymorphisms are able to modify the PCOS phenotype or whether they constitute a risk factor for the syndrome. Data on the role of FSHR polymorphisms in PCOS are conflicting. It seems that in large Chinese studies FSHR polymorphisms are not associated with either PCOS risk or with PCOS treatment outcome. However, in large scale studies in Caucasians these polymorphisms seem to influence the risk of having PCOS. Moreover, these studies also showed that some polymorphisms might affect some clinical features of PCOS as well as treatment outcome. Although most research has focussed on the role of FSHR polymorphisms there seems to be also some evidence showing that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LHCG-Receptor as well as those in FSH-β gene might also alter the phenotype of PCOS. In conclusion most studies confirm that FSHR polymorphisms do alter the phenotype of PCOS in that they either alter the response to exogenous FSH or hat they increase the risk of having PCOS.
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27
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Qiao J, Han B. Diseases caused by mutations in luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 161:69-89. [PMID: 30711030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence showed that the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is an essential regulator of sexual development and reproduction from zebrafish to human. Activating and inactivating mutations of LHCGR gene have been identified from patients of different phenotypes. Familial male-limited precocious puberty, Leydig cell hypoplasia, and empty follicle syndrome are caused by LHCGR mutations. More than 50 mutations have been reported from subjects of different ethnic backgrounds. Functional analyses of the mutant LHCGR revealed multiple defects, including cell surface expression, ligand binding, and signaling. The difference of the two native ligands and signaling pathway activated by LHCGR are illustrated. Potential therapeutic implications from the analyses of the naturally occurring LHCGR mutations, such as pharmacological chaperones, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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28
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Ryan GE, Malik S, Mellon PL. Antiandrogen Treatment Ameliorates Reproductive and Metabolic Phenotypes in the Letrozole-Induced Mouse Model of PCOS. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1734-1747. [PMID: 29471436 PMCID: PMC6097580 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, is characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Although its etiology is unknown, excess androgens are thought to be a critical factor driving the pathology of PCOS. We previously demonstrated that continuous exposure to the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (LET) in mice produces many hallmarks of PCOS, including elevated testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone, anovulation, and obesity. In the current study, we sought to determine whether androgen receptor (AR) actions are responsible for any of the phenotypes observed in LET mice. C57BL/6 female mice were subcutaneously implanted with LET or placebo control and subsequently treated with the nonsteroidal AR antagonist flutamide or vehicle control. Flutamide treatment in LET females reversed elevated T levels and restored ovarian expression of Cyp17a1 (critical for androgen synthesis) to normal levels. Pituitary expression of Lhb was decreased in LET females that received flutamide treatment, with no changes in expression of Fshb or Gnrhr. Flutamide treatment also restored estrous cycling and reduced the number of ovarian cyst-like follicles in LET females. Furthermore, body weight and adipocyte size were decreased in flutamide-treated LET females. Altogether, our findings provide strong evidence that AR signaling is responsible for many key reproductive and metabolic PCOS phenotypes and further establish the LET mouse model as an important tool for the study of androgen excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E Ryan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shaddy Malik
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pamela L Mellon
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Pamela L. Mellon, PhD, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
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Robeva R, Andonova S, Tomova A, Kumanov P, Savov A. LHCG receptor polymorphisms in PCOS patients. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1423246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa Robeva
- Medical Faculty, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Andonova
- Medical Faculty, National Genetic Laboratory, USHATOG “Maichin Dom”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Analia Tomova
- Medical Faculty, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Philip Kumanov
- Medical Faculty, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexey Savov
- Medical Faculty, National Genetic Laboratory, USHATOG “Maichin Dom”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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30
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Leutinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor and follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene variants and risk of recurrent pregnancy loss: A case control study. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Trofimova T, Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W, Chen YH, Azziz R, Layman LC. Genetic basis of eugonadal and hypogonadal female reproductive disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 44:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mykhalchenko K, Lizneva D, Trofimova T, Walker W, Suturina L, Diamond MP, Azziz R. Genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:723-733. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1340833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria Lizneva
- Department of OB/GYN, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Reproductive Health Protection, Scientific Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Trofimova
- Department of Reproductive Health Protection, Scientific Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Walidah Walker
- Department of OB/GYN, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Larisa Suturina
- Department of Reproductive Health Protection, Scientific Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Michael P. Diamond
- Department of OB/GYN, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Chief Officer of Academic Health and Hospital Affairs, State University Plaza, The State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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FSH receptor gene p. Thr307Ala and p. Asn680Ser polymorphisms are associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:1087-1093. [PMID: 28547204 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene p. Thr307Ala (c.919A>G, rs6165) and p. Asn680Ser (c.2039A>G, rs6166) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Genotyping was performed in 377 women with PCOS and 388 age-matched controls. Difference in the genotype distribution was assessed using a Fisher's exact or chi-square test, and continuous variables were compared using a Student's t test. To evaluate the association between the presence of PCOS status and SNP, logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Linkage disequilibrium between the two polymorphisms was approximately complete (r 2 = 99%). The genotype distributions of the PCOS group significantly differed from those of the control group (Thr/Thr, Thr/Ala, and Ala/Ala frequencies were 38.5, 46.7, and 14.9% for the PCOS group and 46.6, 45.4, and 8.0% for the controls, respectively, P = .005; Asn/Asn, Asn/Ser, and Ser/Ser frequencies were 39.5, 47.2, and 13.3% for the PCOS group and 46.4, 45.4, and 8.2% for the controls, respectively, P = .035). Using the wild-type genotypes as the references, the odds ratios that a woman has PCOS were 2.23 (95% confidence intervals 1.38-3.68) for the Ala/Ala genotype, 1.87 (95% confidence intervals 1.14-3.06) for the Ser/Ser genotype, and 1.96 (95% confidence intervals 1.19-3.24) for the homozygous variant combination (Ser/Ser-Ala/Ala). However, there were no significant differences in serum hormonal, ovarian, and metabolic markers according to each genotype. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study suggest a significant association between FSHR gene p. Thr307Ala or p. Asn680Ser coding sequence change and PCOS. The variant homozygote genotype results in a higher risk of PCOS.
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Effect of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Cervical Cancer Risk. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:565-572. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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35
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Genetic determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome: progress and future directions. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:25-32. [PMID: 27179787 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of the genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has relatively recently moved into the era of genome-wide association studies. This has led to the discovery of 16 robust loci for PCOS. Some loci contain genes with clear roles in reproductive (LHCGR, FSHR, and FSHB) and metabolic (INSR and HMGA2) dysfunction in the syndrome. The next challenge facing the field is the identification of causal variants and genes and the role they play in PCOS pathophysiology. The potential for gene discovery to improve diagnosis and treatment of PCOS is promising, though there is much to be done in the field before the current findings can be translated to the clinic.
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36
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El-Shal AS, Zidan HE, Rashad NM, Abdelaziz AM, Harira MM. Association between genes encoding components of the Leutinizing hormone/Luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotrophin receptor pathway and polycystic ovary syndrome in Egyptian women. IUBMB Life 2015; 68:23-36. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal S. El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Haidy E. Zidan
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Nearmeen M. Rashad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelaziz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Benha University; Egypt
| | - Mervat M. Harira
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
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Zhao S, Tian Y, Gao X, Zhang X, Liu H, You L, Cao Y, Su S, Chan WY, Sun Y, Zhao H, Chen ZJ. Family-based analysis of eight susceptibility loci in polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26220222 PMCID: PMC4518258 DOI: 10.1038/srep12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that is proposed to have a genetic basis. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified eight new risk loci that are independently associated with PCOS. To further validate the findings, a total of 321 case-parent trios (963 participants) who had a proband affected with PCOS were recruited for the family-based study. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to analyze associations between PCOS and ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapped to eight new susceptibility loci. Significant differences in transmission were observed for the SNPs rs2349415 (located in the FSHR gene, P = 0.0001) and rs3802457 (located in the C9orf3 gene, P = 0.0001), even after correction for multiple testing bias. The present data provides further evidence for an association between two susceptibility loci, 2p16.3 and 9q22.32, and PCOS. Follow-up functional studies on the FSHR and C9orf3 genes are required to understand their roles in PCOS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Zhao
- 1] Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China [2] Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- 1] Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China [2] The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li You
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shizhen Su
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- 1] Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China [2] Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
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