1
|
Ayhan F. The Association Between Witnessing Interparental Violence and Adolescents' Anger Expression Styles. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:1649-1675. [PMID: 37919952 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231209993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the association between witnessing interparental violence and anger expression styles in adolescents. Previous studies have generally focused on the attitudes to violence of individuals witnessing it. However, the present research specifically investigated the association between witnessing interparental violence and anger. The research was performed as a descriptive and correlational study. The research sample consisted of 1,000 adolescents aged 15 to 19 contacted via social media platforms using the convenience sample method. An online data collection form containing questions was prepared to determine adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics and contained questions from the Witnessing Interparental Violence Scale and Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS 21.0 software. In all, 446 (44.6%) adolescents had witnessed interparental violence. Trait, externalized, and internalized anger scores were higher among adolescents who had witnessed interparental violence compared to those who had not. This research shows that witnessing interparental violence has significant effects on the individual's trait anger and anger expression styles. We recommend that the effects of exposure to violence and witnessing interparental violence be compared and that witnessing violence in different cultural environments be evaluated in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ayhan
- Division of Psychiatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Batman University, Batman, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lamela D, Jongenelen I. Discrepancies in Mother-Child Reports of Child's Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: Associations With Externalizing Symptoms. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:11314-11331. [PMID: 37227025 PMCID: PMC10466951 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231173434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The type and frequency of children's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) are considered as key variables in understanding children's heightened risk of externalizing symptoms. Notably, children's exposure to IPV has been primarily measured using mothers' reports of their own victimization. However, mothers and children might differently perceive children's exposure to physical IPV. To date, no research has investigated multi-rater reporting discrepancies in child's exposure to physical IPV and whether such discrepancies would be linked to externalizing symptoms. This study aimed to identify patterns of mother-child discrepancies in child's exposure to physical IPV and examine whether those patterns would be associated with children's externalizing symptoms. Participants were mothers who have experienced police-reported male-perpetrated IPV and their children (n = 153; 4-10 years). Latent profile analysis identified three profiles of mother-child discrepancies: a concordant group reporting high IPV exposure; a discordant group with mothers and children reporting high and low child's IPV exposure, respectively; a second discordant group with mothers and children reporting low and moderate IPV exposure, respectively. Profiles of mother-child discrepancies were differentially associated with children's externalizing symptoms. Findings suggest that discrepancies among informants' ratings of children's IPV exposure might have important implications for measurement, assessment, and treatment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Miranda JK, Domedel C, Crockett MA, Azócar E, Thatcher K. Growing up in the context of intimate partner violence: Experiences and meanings for adolescents in Chile. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 120:105220. [PMID: 34332331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing up in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a range of mental health problems in childhood. A recent area of research in this field considers the perspectives of children and adolescents in understanding the phenomenon of IPV. OBJECTIVE To explore the lived experiences of adolescents growing up in the context of IPV and the meanings they construct about the phenomenon. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Ten adolescents (five females and five males), between 12 and 17 years old, who were attending psychosocial programs specialized in child maltreatment in Santiago, Chile. METHODS The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and thematic narrative analysis. RESULTS The results show that many of the adolescents narrate their lived experiences of severe and chronic episodes of IPV as part of their life story, and that they continue to do so even after their parents separate. It was also found that the adolescents suffered other forms of victimizations, such as physical and sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents growing up in the context of IPV are demonstrated to be not only direct victims of violence but also active agents capable of reflecting on it. The implications of children and adolescents participating in such investigations for the development of effective interventions in IPV are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenniffer K Miranda
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Capitán Ignacio Carrera Pinto, 1045 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Camila Domedel
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Capitán Ignacio Carrera Pinto, 1045 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo A Crockett
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Profesor Alberto Zañartu, 1030 Independencia, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Estrella Azócar
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Capitán Ignacio Carrera Pinto, 1045 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kitty Thatcher
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Capitán Ignacio Carrera Pinto, 1045 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aboagye RG, Seidu AA, Asare BYA, Peprah P, Addo IY, Ahinkorah BO. Exposure to interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:162. [PMID: 34503582 PMCID: PMC8428140 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Justification of intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the critical factors that account for the high prevalence of IPV among women. In this study, we examined the association between exposure to interparental violence and IPV justification among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods Data for this study were obtained from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 26 countries in SSA conducted between 2010 and 2020. A total of 112,953 women in sexual unions were included in this study. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. The results of the regression analysis were presented using crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The prevalence of interparental violence in the countries considered in this study was 23.8%, with the highest (40.8%) and lowest (4.9%) in Burundi and Comoros, respectively. IPV justification was 45.8%, with the highest and lowest prevalence in Mali (80.9%) and South Africa (4.6%) respectively. Women who were exposed to interparental violence were more likely to justify IPV compared to those who were not exposed [aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.47–1.59]. We found higher odds of justification of IPV among women who were exposed to interparental violence compared to those who were not exposed in all the countries, except Burkina Faso, Comoros, Gambia, and Rwanda. Conclusion The findings call for several strategies for addressing interparental violence. These may include empowerment services targeting both men and women, formation of stronger social networks to improve women’s self-confidence, and the provision of evidence-based information and resources at the community level. These interventions should pay critical attention to young people exposed to interparental violence. Public health education and messaging should emphasise on the negative health and social implications of interparental violence and IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. .,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. .,Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, P.O. Box, 257, Takoradi, Ghana.
| | - Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lünnemann MKM, Horst FCPVD, Prinzie P, Luijk MPCM, Steketee M. The intergenerational impact of trauma and family violence on parents and their children. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 96:104134. [PMID: 31415957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who experience Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) are at an increased risk of becoming a victim of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or a perpetrator of IPV or CAN. Moreover, maltreated children are at risk for developing long-lasting trauma symptoms, which can subsequently affect their own children's lives. Understanding the mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of violence and trauma is a prerequisite for the development of interventions. OBJECTIVE We examine whether the relation between historical CAN and current trauma symptoms of mothers is mediated by current IPV. Furthermore, we investigate whether current CAN mediates the relation between current maternal trauma symptoms and child Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. These mechanisms are compared for mothers and fathers. PARTICIPANTS We have recruited 101 fathers and 360 mothers (426 children, 50% boys, mean age 7 years) through child protection services. METHODS Respondents completed questionnaires about IPV, (historical) CAN and trauma symptoms. RESULTS Structural equation models revealed that historical CAN of father and mothers was related to trauma symptoms. Only for mothers, this association was mediated by IPV. Trauma symptoms of both fathers and mothers were related to child PTSD symptoms. This effect was not mediated by current CAN. CONCLUSION In violent families, maternal and paternal trauma can be transmitted over generations. However, intergenerational transmission of violence is found for mothers only. When family violence is reported, professionals should take the violence into account, as well as the history of parents and trauma symptoms of all family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K M Lünnemann
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Verwey-Jonker Institute, Kromme Nieuwegracht 6, 3512 HG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - F C P Van der Horst
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - P Prinzie
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M P C M Luijk
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M Steketee
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Verwey-Jonker Institute, Kromme Nieuwegracht 6, 3512 HG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Visser M, Schoemaker K, de Schipper C, Lamers-Winkelman F, Finkenauer C. Interparental Violence and the Mediating Role of Parental Availability in Children's Trauma Related Symptoms. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2015; 9:115-125. [PMID: 27257468 PMCID: PMC4866994 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-015-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined the hypothesis that parental psychopathology in Interparental Violence (IPV) families crosses over to children, because parental psychopathology spills over to parental functioning. In a high-risk sample of IPV exposed families, we tested whether parental psychopathology spills over to parental availability, which, in turn, shows a crossover effect to children's trauma-related symptoms. The study population consisted of 78 IPV exposed children (4-12 years), and their 65 custodial parents referred to outpatient Children's Trauma Centers in the Netherlands for intervention. Consistent with our hypotheses, parental psychopathology was negatively related to parental availability, suggesting a spillover effect. Although parental psychopathology was not associated with children's trauma-related symptoms directly, we found evidence for the predicted indirect, crossover effects. We found an indirect crossover effect from parental psychopathology to children's trauma-related anxiety, depression, and anger, through the spillover effect of parental availability. Clinical implications for treatment and study limitations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margreet Visser
- />Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- />EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />KJTC (Children’s Trauma Center Haarlem), Zuiderhoutlaan 12, 2012 PJ Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Schoemaker
- />Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- />EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clasien de Schipper
- />Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- />EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francien Lamers-Winkelman
- />Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- />EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- />Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- />EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pels T, van Rooij FB, Distelbrink M. The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) on Parenting by Mothers Within an Ethnically Diverse Population in the Netherlands. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2015; 30:1055-1067. [PMID: 26494942 PMCID: PMC4607711 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-015-9746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) profoundly affects multiple life domains for the people involved. We report on the experiences of Dutch mothers of various ethnic backgrounds regarding their parenting during and after IPV, their perceptions of the influence of IPV on their parenting, as well as their need for and experiences with support services. We conducted qualitative interviews with 100 mothers in the Netherlands who had experienced IPV. Most reported negative experiences with parenting (both during and after the IPV), a strong effect of the IPV on their parenting, as well as circumstances that aggravated this effect. The mothers had used multiple sources of formal and informal support. Although most evaluated the support that they had received positively, some also mentioned mixed or negative experiences. Many were still in need of support. Relationships with ethnic background and the severity of IPV are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trees Pels
- />Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Verwey Jonker Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|