How does β-cyclodextrin affect the aggregation of sodium perfluoroheptanoate in aqueous solution: a 19F NMR study

Detailed NMR investigation of cyclodextrin-perfluorinated surfactant interactions in aqueous media

Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are contaminants of serious concern because of their toxicological properties, widespread presence in drinking water sources, and incredible stability in the environment. To assess the potential application of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins for PFC remediation, we investigated their complexation with linear fluorinated carboxylic acids, sulfonates, and a sulfonamide with carbon backbones ranging from C4-C9. ¹⁹F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies demonstrated β-CD formed the strongest complexes with these PFCs. The polar head group had a modest influence, but for PFCs with backbones longer than six carbons, strong association constants are observed for 1:1 (K_1:1∼10⁵M^-1) and 2:1 (K_2:1∼10³M^-1) β-CD:PFC complexes. Excess β-CD can be used to complex 99.5% of the longer chain PFCs. Competition studies with adamantane-carboxylic acid and phenol confirmed the nature and persistence of the β-CD:PFC complex. Detailed analyses of the individual NMR chemical shifts and Job plots indicate the favored positions of the β-CD along the PFC chain. Solution pH, ionic strength, and the presence of humic acid have modest influence on the β-CD:PFC complexes. The strong encapsulation of PFCs by β-CD under a variety of water quality conditions demonstrates the tremendous potential of CD-based materials for the environmental remediation of PFCs.

From simple amphiphilic to surfactant behavior: Analysis of 1H NMR chemical shift variations

Analysis of the (1)H NMR chemical shift variations for the methyl protons of sodium decanoate and decanoic acid in D(2)O solutions using reduced variables is consonant with a narrow distribution of sizes about the mean aggregation number for decanoate ion micelles, in contrast with decanoic acid polydisperse aggregates which increase their size with concentration, until phase separation is reached. At defined temperatures between 10 and 50 degrees C, the chemical shift coefficients for the methyl group protons exhibit a negative temperature slope (shielding) for decanoate ion micelles and a positive temperature slope (deshielding) for decanoic acid aggregates. These results suggest that an increase of temperature improves the mobility of the decanoate ion chains in the micelles, thus inducing the methyl groups of the decanoate ion micelles to spend more time near the micelle-water interfaces. In turn, the size of polydisperse decanoic acid aggregates increases with temperature.