Anion-selective receptors based on dinuclear copper(II) and nickel(II) cage complexes of bis-salicylaldimines

Synthesis and Characterization of Symmetrically versus Unsymmetrically Proton-Bridged Hexa-Iron Clusters

Syntheses and magnetic and structural characterization of hexa-iron complexes of derivatized salicylaldoximes are discussed. Complexation of Fe(BF₄)₂·6H₂O with each ligand (H₂ L1 and H₄ L2) in a methanolic-pyridine solution resulted in hexa-iron compounds (C1 and C2, respectively), which each contain two near-parallel metal triangles of [Fe₃-μ₃-O], linked by six fluoride bridges and stabilized by a hydrogen-bonded proton between the μ₃-O groups. Within each metal triangle of C2, Fe(III) ions are connected via the amine "straps" of (H₄ L2-2H). Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer data of C1 and C2 indicate the presence of dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between the high-spin (S = 5/2) Fe(III) centers. For C1, two quadrupole doublets are observed at room temperature and 5 K, consistent with structural data from which discrete but disordered [Fe₃-μ₃-O] and [Fe₃-μ₃-OH] species were inferred. For C2, a single sharp quadrupole doublet with splitting intermediate between those determined for C1 was observed, consistent with the symmetric [Fe₃-μ₃-O···H···μ₃-O-Fe₃] species inferred crystallographically from the very short μ₃-O···μ₃-O separation. The differences in the physical properties of the complexes, as seen in the Mössbauer, X-ray, and magnetic data, are attributed to the conformational flexibility imparted by the nature of the linkages between the closely related ligands.

Ion pair binding by an l-tyrosine-based polymerizable molecular receptor

A polymerizable molecular receptor able to bind ion pairs and new functional polymers containing the receptor units were synthesized and characterized.

Cooperative anion recognition in copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with a ditopic tripodal ligand containing a urea group

The ability of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of the ditopic receptor H2L [1-(2-((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)urea] for anion recognition is reported. In the presence of weakly coordinating anions such as ClO4(-), the urea group binds to the metal ion (Cu(II) or Zn(II)) through one of its nitrogen atoms. The study of the interaction of the metal complexes with a variety of anions in DMSO shows that SO4(2-) and Cl(-) bind to the complexes through a cooperative binding involving simultaneous coordination to the metal ion and different hydrogen-bonding interactions with the urea moiety, depending on the shape and size of the anion. On the contrary, single crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that anions such as NO3(-) and PhCO2(-) form 1:2 complexes (metal/anion) where one of the anions coordinates to the metal center and the second one is involved in hydrogen-bonding interaction with the urea group, which is projected away from the metal ion. Spectrophotometric titrations performed for the Cu(II) complex indicate that this system is able to bind a wide range of anions with an affinity sequence: MeCO2(-) ∼ Cl(-) (log K11 > 7) > NO2(-) > H2PO4(-) ∼ Br(-) > HSO4(-) > NO3(-) (log K11 < 2). In contrast to this, the free ligand gives much weaker interactions with these anions. In the presence of basic anions such as MeCO2(-) or F(-), competitive processes associated with the deprotonation of the coordinated N-H group of the urea moiety take place. Thus, N-coordination of the urea unit to the metal ion increases the acidity of one of its N-H groups. DFT calculations performed in DMSO solution are in agreement with both an anion-hydrogen bonding interaction and an anion-metal ion coordination collaborating in the stabilization of the metal salt complexes with tetrahedral anions.

Ion-Pair Recognition by Metal - Salophen and Metal - Salen Complexes

The development of heteroditopic receptor systems that can simultaneously bind cationic and anionic species is one of the most challenging research topics in supramolecular chemistry, attracting the attention of a large number of research groups worldwide. Such an interest is due especially to the fact that the overall receptor–ion-pair complex is neutral and this can be advantageous in many situations, such as salt solubilization and extraction, and membrane-transport applications. Receptors designed for ion-pair complexation are molecules comprising well-known anion-binding motifs and familiar cation-binding sites. An important family of compounds that can use metal Lewis-acidic centres for anion recognition and that can be easily derivatized to introduce an additional binding site for the cation is metal–salophen and metal–salen complexes. This short review shows that the high versatility of salen and salophen ligands and of the corresponding metal complexes allows, through simple modifications of the basic skeleton, the obtention of highly efficient receptors for ion pairs.