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Yun TH, Kim MJ, Lee JG, Bang KH, Kim KS. Enhanced Stability and Compatibility of Montelukast and Levocetirizine in a Fixed-Dose Combination Monolayer Tablet. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:963. [PMID: 39065660 PMCID: PMC11279677 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to enhance the stability of montelukast and levocetirizine for the development of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) monolayer tablet. To evaluate the compatibility of montelukast and levocetirizine, a mixture of the two drugs was prepared, and changes in the appearance characteristics and impurity content were observed in a dry oven at 60 °C. Excipients that contributed minimally to impurity increases were selected to minimize drug interactions. Mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, and sodium citrate were chosen as excipients, and montelukast-levocetirizine FDC monolayer tablets were prepared by wet granulating the two drugs separately. A separate granulation of montelukast and levocetirizine, along with the addition of sodium citrate as a pH stabilizer, minimized the changes in tablet appearance and impurity levels. The prepared tablets demonstrated release profiles equivalent to those of commercial products in comparative dissolution tests. Subsequent stability testing at 40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% RH for 6 months confirmed that the drug content, dissolution rate, and impurity content met the specified acceptance criteria. In conclusion, the montelukast-levocetirizine FDC monolayer tablet developed in this study offers a potential alternative to commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyeong Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea; (T.H.Y.); (M.J.K.); (J.G.L.); (K.H.B.)
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Zheng S, Fang X, Li F, Sun Q, Zhao M, Wei H, Xu W, Li H. Characterization of interactions of montelukast sodium with human serum albumin: multi-spectroscopic techniques and computer simulation studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00419d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction mechanism of montelukast sodium and HSA was characterized using spectroscopic and computer methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Zheng
- Medical College of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qiaomei Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mu Zhao
- Medical College of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, China
| | - Huiping Wei
- Medical College of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, China
| | - Wanyu Xu
- Medical College of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Xiong Y, Wang YB, Pei DS. A novel WH-flags method based on reducing the acidity of molybdenum blue (MB) reaction and stabilization by EDTA for quickly detecting phosphorus in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:735-744. [PMID: 33881089 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There are two popular methods to measure reactive phosphorus (P) and total P: the GB11893-89 method in China and the 4500-P E method of the APHA in the US. However, their drawbacks, including long reaction time and narrow linear range, cannot satisfy the demand for modern analytic techniques. Here, based on reducing the acidity of the molybdenum blue (MB) reaction, and then stabilizing with EDTA, we have developed a novel method (WH-flags) to quickly measure both reactive P and total P. In the WH-flags method, "W" stands for Wide linear ranges (0-1.4 mg L-1 for reactive P & 0-1.8 mg L-1 for total P), "H" stands for High tolerance of different matrices (it can be adapted to a wide spectrum of samples), "f" is fast reaction time (2 min), "l" is long stabilization (40 min), "a" stands for appropriate recovery rates (89.1-103.2%), "g" is good precision and accuracy (CVs < 5% & Res < 5%) and "s" is small volume of samples (5-10 mL). The WH-flags method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999). The WH-flags method should have broad application in monitoring P from different aqueous samples in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Yuan-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China. and College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China. and College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Kim JS, Lee SM, Kim DS, Kim DW, Kim KS, Cho KH, Li DX, Jin SG, Choi H. Enhanced Chemical Stability of D‐Cycloserine via Tablet Form Containing Magnesium Oxide as an Alkali Stabilizer. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyHanyang University Ansan 15588 South Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyHanyang University Ansan 15588 South Korea
| | - Dong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyHanyang University Ansan 15588 South Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
| | - Kyeong Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringGyeongnam National University of Science and Technology Jinju South Korea
| | - Kwan Hyung Cho
- College of PharmacyInje University Gimhae 621‐749 South Korea
| | - Dong Xun Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal MedicineJiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringDankook University Cheonan 31116 South Korea
| | - Han‐Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyHanyang University Ansan 15588 South Korea
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Barbosa JS, Nolasco MM, Ribeiro-Claro P, Almeida Paz FA, Braga SS. Preformulation Studies of the γ-Cyclodextrin and Montelukast Inclusion Compound Prepared by Comilling. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1837-1847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Park JH, Kim DS, Mustapha O, Yousaf AM, Kim JS, Kim DW, Yong CS, Youn YS, Oh KT, Lim SJ, Kim JO, Choi HG. Comparison of a revaprazan-loaded solid dispersion, solid SNEDDS and inclusion compound: Physicochemical characterisation and pharmacokinetics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 162:420-426. [PMID: 29248606 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to compare three strategies for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble revaprazan hydrochloride: solid dispersion, solid SNEDDS and inclusion compound. The influence of polymers, surfactants and oils on the drug solubility was assessed, and via the chosen carriers, the three types of formulations were prepared utilising spray drying technique. Their physicochemical properties, solubility, dissolution and pharmacokinetics in rats were performed compared with revaprazan powder. Among the liquid SNEDDS formulations assessed, the compositions of revaprazan, peceol, Tween 80 and Labrasol (10:15:55:30, weight ratio) provided the smallest emulsion size. Moreover, this liquid SNEDDS and dextran were suspended/dissolved in distilled water, and spray-dried, producing an optimal revaprazan-loaded solid SNEDDS. The appropriate solid dispersion and inclusion compound were composed of revaprazan, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and cremophor A25 (5:1.4:5.6) and drug and hydroxyl-β-cyclodextrin (2.5:8.77), respectively. The crystalline drug was converted to an amorphous state in all formulations. In the solid dispersion, the drug was attached to the hydrophilic carrier. The solid SNEDDS and inclusion compound contained aggregate microspheres and separate microspheres, respectively. All formulations significantly increased the drug solubility, dissolution, plasma concentration and AUC compared with revaprazan powder. These properties were ranked in the order solid dispersion ≥ solid SNEDDS > inclusion compound. Particularly, the solid dispersion improved about 9500-fold drug solubility and 10-fold oral bioavailability. Thus, the improved properties were considerably dependent upon these techniques, although all of the techniques employed similar mechanisms. Among the strategies checked, the solid dispersion system would be recommended as an oral revaprazan-loaded pharmaceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuck Park
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Dong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Omer Mustapha
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, 4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib, Clifton, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mehmood Yousaf
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, 1-Khayaban-e-Jinnah, Johar, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gunja-Dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan 712-749, South Korea.
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea.
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Kim JC, Kim KS, Kim DS, Jin SG, Kim DW, Kim YI, Park JH, Kim JO, Yong CS, Youn YS, Woo JS, Choi HG. Effect of HM30181 mesylate salt-loaded microcapsules on the oral absorption of paclitaxel as a novel P-glycoprotein inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2016; 506:93-101. [PMID: 27106527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop HM30181 mesylate salt (HM30181M)-loaded microcapsules as a novel P-glycoprotein inhibitor for enhancing the oral absorption of paclitaxel. The effect of various carriers including hydrophilic polymers and solvents on the solubility of HM30181M were evaluated. Among the hydrophilic polymers and solvents tested, HPMC and methylene chloride (and ethanol) provided the highest HM30181M solubility. Numerous HM30181M-loaded microcapsules were prepared with HPMC, silicon dioxide and acidifying agents using a spray-drying technique, and their solubility, dissolution and physicochemical properties were evaluated. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetic study was performed after oral administration of paclitaxel alone, simultaneously with HM30181M powder or HM30181M-loaded microcapsules to rats. Among the acidifying agents investigated, phosphoric acid provided the best improvement in the solubility and dissolution of HM30181M. Moreover, the microcapsule composed of HM30181M, HPMC, silicon dioxide and phosphoric acid at a weight ratio of 3:6:3:2 remarkably enhanced the solubility and dissolution of HM30181M compared with the HM30181M powder alone. The microcapsules were spherical in shape, had a reduced particle size of about 7μm, and contained HM30181M in an amorphous state. Furthermore, this microcapsule significantly enhanced HM30181M absorption, making it about 1.7-fold faster and 1.6-fold greater after simultaneous administration, leading to about 70- and 2-fold improved oral bioavailability of paclitaxel compared with paclitaxel alone and the simultaneous administration with HM30181M powder, respectively. Thus, this novel microcapsule could be a potential candidate for effective P-glycoprotein inhibition during oral administration of paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheul Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea; Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-myeon, 893-5 Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do 445-913, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea; Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-myeon, 893-5 Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do 445-913, South Korea
| | - Dong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Yong Il Kim
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-myeon, 893-5 Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do 445-913, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-myeon, 893-5 Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do 445-913, South Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jong Soo Woo
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-myeon, 893-5 Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do 445-913, South Korea.
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, South Korea.
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Barbosa JS, Almeida Paz FA, Braga SS. Montelukast medicines of today and tomorrow: from molecular pharmaceutics to technological formulations. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3257-3265. [PMID: 27011101 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1170247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Montelukast sodium is a leukotriene antagonist of growing interest as an alternative therapy for asthma across different age groups due to its bronchoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Currently, montelukast is commercialized only in oral solid dosage forms, which are the favorite of adult patients but may pose challenges in administration to children of young age or patients suffering from dysphagia. This review presents a comprehensive revision of scientific reports and patents on emerging strategies for the delivery of montelukast. A common ground to these reports is the pursue of an enhanced montelukast performance, by increasing its bioavailability and physico-chemical stability. A wide variety of strategies can be found, from the formation of supramolecular adducts with cyclodextrins to encapsulation in nanoparticles and liposomes. The new dosage forms for montelukast are designed for non-enteric absorption, some for absorption in the oral cavity and another two being for local action in the nasal mucosa or in the pulmonary epithelium. The review describes the emerging delivery strategies to circumvent the current limitations to the use of montelukast that are expected to ultimately lead to the development of more patient-compliant dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Silva Barbosa
- a Department of Chemistry , QOPNA Research Unit, University of de Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal and.,b Department of Chemistry , CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of de Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Filipe A Almeida Paz
- b Department of Chemistry , CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of de Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Susana Santos Braga
- a Department of Chemistry , QOPNA Research Unit, University of de Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal and
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Kim DW, Kim YH, Yousaf AM, Kim DS, Kwon TK, Park JH, Kim YI, Park JH, Jin SG, Kim KS, Cho KH, Li DX, Kim JO, Yong CS, Woo JS, Choi HG. Novel montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:539-546. [PMID: 26983932 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. Moreover, dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were examined in rats compared to commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules. Avicel RC-591 (Avicel), a suspending agent, prevented the sedimentation of these suspensions at >2.496 (w/v) per cent composition. Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics in rats provided by this suspension was comparable to that of the commercial granules, suggesting that they were bioequivalent. In addition, it was physically and chemically stable at 40 °C for at least 6 months. Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Young Hun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea.,Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-Myeon, 893-5, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 445-913, South Korea
| | - Abid Mehmood Yousaf
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Dong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Taek Kwan Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-Myeon, 893-5, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 445-913, South Korea
| | - Jung Hee Park
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-Myeon, 893-5, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 445-913, South Korea
| | - Yong Il Kim
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-Myeon, 893-5, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 445-913, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-Myeon, 893-5, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 445-913, South Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Kwan Hyung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan, 712-749, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Inje-ro 197, Gimhae, 621-749, South Korea
| | - Dong Xun Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan, 712-749, South Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan, 712-749, South Korea
| | - Jong Soo Woo
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Paltan-Myeon, 893-5, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 445-913, South Korea.
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea.
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