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Gunasekaran BM, Srinivasan S, Ezhilan M, Nesakumar N. Nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119715. [PMID: 38735514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, breast cancer, oxidative DNA damage, and viral infections are all significant and major health threats to human health, presenting substantial challenges in early diagnosis. In this regard, a wide range of nucleic acid-based electrochemical platforms have been widely employed as point-of-care diagnostics in health care and biosensing technologies. This review focuses on biosensor design strategies, underlying principles involved in the development of advanced electrochemical genosensing devices, approaches for immobilizing DNA on electrode surfaces, as well as their utility in early disease diagnosis, with a particular emphasis on cancer, leukaemia, oxidative DNA damage, and viral pathogen detection. Notably, the role of biorecognition elements and nanointerfaces employed in the design and development of advanced electrochemical genosensors for recognizing biomarkers related to colorectal cancer, breast cancer, leukaemia, oxidative DNA damage, and viral pathogens has been extensively reviewed. Finally, challenges associated with the fabrication of nucleic acid-based biosensors to achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, a wide detection range, and a low detection limit have been addressed. We believe that this review will provide valuable information for scientists and bioengineers interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the fabrication and functionality of nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors for biomedical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Mahendran Gunasekaran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soorya Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 503, India
| | - Madeshwari Ezhilan
- Department of biomedical engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Vel Nagar, Avadi, Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Gholami A, Mousavi SM, Masoumzadeh R, Binazadeh M, Bagheri Lankarani K, Omidifar N, Arjmand O, Chiang WH, Moghadami M, Pynadathu Rumjit N. Advanced Theranostic Strategies for Viral Hepatitis Using Carbon Nanostructures. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1185. [PMID: 37374770 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
There are several treatment protocols for acute viral hepatitis, and it is critical to recognize acute hepatitis in its earliest stages. Public health measures to control these infections also rely on rapid and accurate diagnosis. The diagnosis of viral hepatitis remains expensive, and there is no adequate public health infrastructure, while the virus is not well-controlled. New methods for screening and detecting viral hepatitis through nanotechnology are being developed. Nanotechnology significantly reduces the cost of screening. In this review, the potential of three-dimensional-nanostructured carbon substances as promising materials due to fewer side effects, and the contribution of these particles to effective tissue transfer in the treatment and diagnosis of hepatitis due to the importance of rapid diagnosis for successful treatment, were extensively investigated. In recent years, three-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as graphene oxide and nanotubes with special chemical, electrical, and optical properties have been used for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis due to their high potential. We expect that the future position of nanoparticles in the rapid diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis can be better determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Reza Masoumzadeh
- Department of Medical, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Binazadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Health Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Omid Arjmand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14687-63785, Iran
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Mohsen Moghadami
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Nelson Pynadathu Rumjit
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3, Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Santos LKB, Mendonça PD, Assis LKS, Prudêncio CR, Guedes MIF, Marques ETA, Dutra RF. A Redox-Probe-Free Immunosensor Based on Electrocatalytic Prussian Blue Nanostructured Film One-Step-Prepared for Zika Virus Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:623. [PMID: 36005020 PMCID: PMC9406047 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a great concern for global health due to its high transmission, including disseminating through blood, saliva, urine, semen and vertical transmission. In some cases, ZIKV has been associated with microcephaly, neurological disorders, and Guillain−Barré syndrome. There is no vaccine, and controlling the disease is a challenge, especially with the co-circulation of the Dengue virus, which causes a severe cross-reaction due to the similarity between the two arboviruses. Considering that electrochemical immunosensors are well-established, sensitive, and practical tools for diagnosis, in this study we developed a sensor platform with intrinsic redox activity that facilitates measurement readouts. Prussian blue (PB) has a great ability to form electrocatalytic surfaces, dispensing redox probe solutions in voltammetric measurements. Herein, PB was incorporated into a chitosan−carbon nanotube hybrid, forming a nanocomposite that was drop-casted on a screen-printed electrode (SPE). The immunosensor detected the envelope protein of ZIKV in a linear range of 0.25 to 1.75 µg/mL (n = 8, p < 0.01), with a 0.20 µg/mL limit of detection. The developed immunosensor represents a new method for electrochemical measurements without additional redox probe solutions, and it is feasible for application in point-of-care diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenna K. B. Santos
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Recife 50670-90, Brazil
| | - Priscila D. Mendonça
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Recife 50670-90, Brazil
| | - LiLian K. S. Assis
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Recife 50670-90, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ernesto T. A. Marques
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rosa Fireman Dutra
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Recife 50670-90, Brazil
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Landim VPA, Foguel MV, Prado CM, Sotomayor MPT, Vieira IC, Silva BVM, Dutra RF. A Polypyrrole/Nanoclay Hybrid Film for Ultra-Sensitive Cardiac Troponin T Electrochemical Immunosensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070545. [PMID: 35884348 PMCID: PMC9313248 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical immunosensor based on a nanohybrid film of carboxylated polypyrrole and amine nanoclay was developed for label-free detection of the human cardiac troponin T (cTnT). The nanohybrid film was formed in situ on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode, followed by the covalent immobilization of anti-troponin T antibodies by glutaraldehyde. Morphological and chemical characterizations of the nanohybrid film were performed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Under the optimized conditions, a calibration curve for cTnT in spiked serum was obtained by square wave voltammetry, and a low limit of detection and quantification was achieved (0.35 and 1.05 pg mL−1, respectively). This was the first time that this type of nanohybrid film was used in the development of an immunosensor for cTnT that proved to be a simple and efficient strategy for the manufacture of a label-free electrochemical device that could be applied in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente P. A. Landim
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (V.P.A.L.); (M.V.F.); (C.M.P.); (B.V.M.S.)
| | - Marcos V. Foguel
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (V.P.A.L.); (M.V.F.); (C.M.P.); (B.V.M.S.)
| | - Cecília M. Prado
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (V.P.A.L.); (M.V.F.); (C.M.P.); (B.V.M.S.)
| | - Maria P. T. Sotomayor
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, Brazil;
| | - Iolanda C. Vieira
- Laboratory of Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Bárbara V. M. Silva
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (V.P.A.L.); (M.V.F.); (C.M.P.); (B.V.M.S.)
| | - Rosa F. Dutra
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (V.P.A.L.); (M.V.F.); (C.M.P.); (B.V.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+55-8121268205
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