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Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Bulk Cu Material under Various Factors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the molecular dynamics (MD) method was used to study the influence of factors of bulk Cu material, such as the effect of the number of atoms (N) at temperature (T), T = 300 K, temperature T, and annealing time (t) with Cu5324 on the structure properties, phase transition, and glass temperature Tg of the bulk Cu material. The obtained results showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the bulk Cu material was Tg = 652 K; the length of the link for Cu-Cu had a negligible change; r = 2.475 Å; and four types of structures, FCC, HCP, BCC, Amor, always existed. With increasing the temperature the FCC, HCP, and BCC decrease, and Amorphous (Amor) increases. With an increasing number of atoms and annealing time, the FCC, HCP, and BCC increased, and Amor decreased. The simulated results showed that there was a great influence of factors on the structure found the gradient change, phase transition, and successful determination of the glass temperature point above Tg of the bulk Cu material. On the basis of these results, essential support will be provided for future studies on mechanical, optical, and electronic properties.
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Maity G, Yadav RP, Ojha S, Singhal R, Kanjilal D, Patel SP. Micro‐morphological investigations on wettability of Al‐incorporated
c
‐Si thin films using statistical surface roughness parameters. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurupada Maity
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur India
| | - Ram Pratap Yadav
- Department of Physics Deen Dayal Upadhyay Govt. PG College Allahabad India
| | - Sunil Ojha
- Inter University Accelerator Centre New Delhi India
| | - Rahul Singhal
- Department of Physics Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India
| | | | - Shiv Poojan Patel
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur India
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JAHANGIRI ALIREZA, RAJABI KALVANI PAYAM, SHAPOURI SAMANEH, SARI AMIRHOSSEIN, ŢĂLU ŞTEFAN, JALILI YOUSEFSEYED. Quantitative SEM characterisation of ceramic target prior and after magnetron sputtering: a case study of aluminium zinc oxide. J Microsc 2021; 281:190-201. [PMID: 32926411 PMCID: PMC7891359 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Till now electron microscopy techniques have not been used to evaluate the plasma-target interactions undergone during the magnetron sputtering process. The destructive nature of this interaction severely alters the target microstructure. Utilising quantitative microscopy techniques can shed light on the complex plasma and solid-state processes involved which can ultimately lead to improved functional thin film deposition. As a representative functional material, aluminium-doped-zinc oxide (AZO) is an upcoming alternative to conventional transparent electrode wherein the process optimisation is of great importance. In this paper, we evaluate the pre- and post-sputter field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) data for ceramic AZO target fabricated at three final sintering temperatures (1100°C, 1200°C and 1300°C). In all cases, grain boundaries are merged in addition to a visible reduction in the secondary phases which makes segmentation-based image analysis challenging. Through surface statistics (i.e. fractal dimension, autocorrelation length, texture aspect ratio and entropy) as a function of magnification we can quantify the electron microscopy image of the microstructure. We show that the plasma-microstructure interaction leads to an increase in autocorrelation length, texture aspect ratio and entropy for the optimum AZO ceramic sputtering target sintered at 1200°C. Furthermore, a maximum reduction in fractal dimension span (as determined by exponential regression) is also observed for 1200°C. In addition to the evaluation of plasma effects on sintering, our approach can provide a window towards understanding the underlying thin film growth mechanisms. We believe that this technique can be applied to the defect characterisation of a wide range of polycrystalline ceramic sputtering targets (e.g. ITO, CZTS, GAZO and so on) with the ultimate goal of improving the magnetron sputtering process and the resulting functional thin film. LAY DESCRIPTION: Magnetron sputtering allows scientists to make functional thin films on the order of the nanoscale. In this technique, atoms are plucked from a 'target' then placed onto a substrate forming a thin nanometric film: all thanks to magnets, a special power supply and the fourth state of matter (plasma). Understanding what is going on and how to make a 'good' thin film is important for making better light emitting diodes, solar cells and light sensors. Scientists use electron microscopy to see what is going on in the microstructure of the sputtered thin films to fine tune the sputtering recipe. Here, for the first time, we have applied electron microscopy to see the surface of the microstructure before and after magnetron sputtering. This will help us understanding the plasma-microstructure interaction allowing us to make more informed decisions when fine-tuning the sputtering process to get improved thin films. This is a case study of aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) target that could potentially replace indium tin oxide (ITO), which is widely used as a transparent electrode in devices involving light and electricity. In this case, improved characteristics would be lower electrical resistivity and higher transmission of light. We show that it is possible to use a mathematical description (e.g. the fractal dimension) of the scanning electron microscopy picture to show a link between the target surface and the functional properties. Simple explanation of fractal dimensions by Sixty Symbols ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmBljeC79Ls Experimental demonstration of magnetron sputtering by The Thought Emporium ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cyu7etM-0Ko Introductory video on magnetron sputtering by Applied Science ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OEz_e9C4KM Demonstration of AZO target fabrication and sputtering by Pradhyut Rajjkumar ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTLaTJfNX3c Simple explanation of a DIY SEM by Applied Science ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdjYVF4a6iU.
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Affiliation(s)
- ALI REZA JAHANGIRI
- NanoLundLund UniversityBox 118, 22100LundSweden
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Plasma Physics Research Centre, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Nano‐Optoelectronics Laboratory, Sheykh Bahaee Research Complex, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - PAYAM RAJABI KALVANI
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Plasma Physics Research Centre, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Nano‐Optoelectronics Laboratory, Sheykh Bahaee Research Complex, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - SAMANEH SHAPOURI
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Plasma Physics Research Centre, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Nano‐Optoelectronics Laboratory, Sheykh Bahaee Research Complex, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - AMIRHOSSEIN SARI
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Plasma Physics Research Centre, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - ŞTEFAN ŢĂLU
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI)Technical University of Cluj‐NapocaCluj‐NapocaClujRomania
| | - YOUSEF SEYED JALILI
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Plasma Physics Research Centre, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Nano‐Optoelectronics Laboratory, Sheykh Bahaee Research Complex, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
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Ţălu Ş, Abdolghaderi S, Pinto EP, Matos RS, Salerno M. Advanced fractal analysis of nanoscale topography of Ag/DLC composite synthesized by RF-PECVD. SURFACE ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2019.1710937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan Ţălu
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Cluj County, Romania
| | - Senour Abdolghaderi
- Physics Department, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Education, Kurdistan Province, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Erveton Pinheiro Pinto
- Physics Department, Federal University of Amapá, Amazonian Materials Group, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Robert Saraiva Matos
- Physics Department, Federal University of Amapá, Amazonian Materials Group, Amapá, Brazil
- Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marco Salerno
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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Stach S, Ţălu Ş, Dallaev R, Arman A, Sobola D, Salerno M. Evaluation of the Topographical Surface Changes of Silicon Wafers after Annealing and Plasma Cleaning. SILICON 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12633-019-00351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Țălu Ș, Ghaderi A, Stępień K, Mwema FM. Advanced Micromorphology Analysis of Cu/Fe NPs Thin Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/611/1/012016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Grayeli Korpi A, Ţălu Ş, Bramowicz M, Arman A, Kulesza S, Pszczolkowski B, Jurečka S, Mardani M, Luna C, Balashabadi P, Rezaee S, Gopikishan S. Minkowski functional characterization and fractal analysis of surfaces of titanium nitride films. MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab26be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ţălu Ş, Stach S, Abdolghaderi S. The effects of deposition time on the nanoscale patterns of Ag/DLC nanocomposite synthesized by RF-PECVD. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:572-579. [PMID: 30623505 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, a stereometric analysis of the three dimensional (3-D) surfaces of the Ag/DLC nanocomposite synthesized by RF-PECVD was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Atomic force microscopy in noncontact mode was used to study surface morphology in correlation with multi-parametric statistical analysis. The associated parameters of segmented motifs in conformity with ISO 25178-2:, 2012 have been extracted using MountainsMap® Premium software. The mathematical algorithm computes detached watersheds of hill or dale motifs and determines the maximum and minimum points of motifs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The stereometric analyses with MountainsMap® Premium software provided detailed information on the 3-D surface topography of samples. Fractal analyses revealed the fractal nature of the performed samples is in correlation with the deposition time of samples. Detailed information of manufactured Ag/diamond-like carbon (DLC) nanocomposite is given based on the information about the surface structure, properties, and performance characteristics. The performed analysis allows the high-resolution modeling of Ag/DLC nanocomposite surface microtexture with motif analysis (intrinsic characteristics disclosure and characterization of surfaces fractal), in order to be included in computer interactive simulation algorithms. CONCLUSION It was found the fractal dimension decreases with the increase of the deposition times on samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan Ţălu
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Stach
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Informatics, University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Rashid D, Stach S, Ţălu Ş, Sobola D, Méndez-Albores A, Córdova GT, Grmela L. Stereometric Analysis of Effects of Heat Stressing on Micromorphology of Si Single Crystals. SILICON 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12633-019-0085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Solaymani S, Kulesza S, Ţălu Ş, Bramowicz M, Nezafat NB, Dalouji V, Rezaee S, Karami H, Malekzadeh M, Dorbidi ES. The effect of different laser irradiation on rugometric and microtopographic features in zirconia ceramics: Study of surface statistical metrics. JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.06.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Correlation Between 3-D Surface Topography and Different Deposition Times of Engineered Ni@a-C:H Thin Films. SILICON 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12633-017-9743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Employing cold atmospheric plasma (Ar, He) on Ag thin film and their influences on surface morphology and anti-bacterial activity of silver films for water treatment. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-018-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ţălu Ş, Nikola P, Sobola D, Achour A, Solaymani S. Micromorphology investigation of GaAs solar cells: case study on statistical surface roughness parameters. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10854-017-7422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Influence of annealing process on surface micromorphology of carbon–nickel composite thin films. OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11082-017-1040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Solaymani S, Ghaderi A, Kulesza S, Bramowicz M. Comment on: ‘‘The effect of pressure on morphological features and quality of synthesized graphene’’ [Res Chem Intermed journal DOI 10.1007/s11164-016-2594-8]. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Naseri N, Solaymani S, Ghaderi A, Bramowicz M, Kulesza S, Ţălu Ş, Pourreza M, Ghasemi S. Microstructure, morphology and electrochemical properties of Co nanoflake water oxidation electrocatalyst at micro- and nanoscale. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, fossil fuel limitations and environmental concerns push researchers to find clean and renewable energy resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimeh Naseri
- Department of Physics
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran 11155-9161
- Iran
| | - Shahram Solaymani
- Department of Physics
- Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Atefeh Ghaderi
- Department of Physics
- West Tehran Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Miroslaw Bramowicz
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
- Faculty of Technical Sciences
- 10-719 Olsztyn
- Poland
| | - Slawomir Kulesza
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science
- 10-710 Olsztyn
- Poland
| | - Ştefan Ţălu
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Department of AET
- Discipline of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics
- Cluj-Napoca 400641
| | - Mohammad Pourreza
- Department of Physics
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran 11155-9161
- Iran
| | - Shahnaz Ghasemi
- Water and Energy Research Center
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran 11155-9161
- Iran
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