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Fallah Z, Christi JK. Development of a ReaxFF reactive force field for ternary phosphate-based bioactive glasses. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:184505. [PMID: 38738608 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) in the CaO-Na2O-P2O5 system have diverse applications as biomaterials due to their unique dissolution properties. A reactive force field (ReaxFF) has been developed to simulate these materials at the atomic level. The ReaxFF parameters of PBGs, including the interaction between phosphorus and calcium atoms, have been developed using a published code based on genetic algorithms. The training data, including the atomic charges, atomic forces, bond and angle parameters, and different differential energies, are chosen and measured from static quantum-mechanical calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics of PBGs. We did different short- and medium-range structural analyses on the bulk simulated PBGs with different compositions to validate the developed potential. Radial and angular distribution functions and coordination numbers of network formers and modifiers, as well as the network connectivity of the glass, are in agreement with experimental and previous simulations using both shell-model classical force fields and ab initio simulated data; for example, the coordination number of phosphorus is 4.0. This successful development of ReaxFF parameters being able to describe the bulk PBGs enables us to work on the dissolution behavior of the glasses, including the interaction of water molecules with PBGs, in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Fallah
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Jamieson K Christi
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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2
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Cannillo V, Salvatori R, Bergamini S, Bellucci D, Bertoldi C. Bioactive Glasses in Periodontal Regeneration: Existing Strategies and Future Prospects-A Literature Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062194. [PMID: 35329645 PMCID: PMC8954447 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review deals with bioactive glasses (BGs), a class of biomaterials renowned for their osteoinductive and osteoconductive capabilities, and thus widely used in tissue engineering, i.e., for the repair and replacement of damaged or missing bone. In particular, the paper deals with applications in periodontal regeneration, with a special focus on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The study reviewed eligible publications, identified on the basis of inclusion/exclusion criteria, over a ranged time of fifteen years (from 1 January 2006 to 31 March 2021). While there are many papers dealing with in vitro tests, only a few have reported in vivo (in animal) research, or even clinical trials. Regardless, BGs seem to be an adequate choice as grafts in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cannillo
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Salvatori
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Stefania Bergamini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Devis Bellucci
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (C.B.)
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3
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Lee S, Nagata F, Kato K, Kasuga T, Nakano T. Development of orthophosphosilicate glass/poly(lactic acid) composite anisotropic scaffolds for simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:788-803. [PMID: 32720351 PMCID: PMC7984230 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of organ-specific architecture is necessary to recover the original organ function. The anisotropic structure of bone tissue is strongly related to the collagen fibril alignment and bone apatite crystal direction. Bone regeneration indicates following two main process; first, restoration of bone mineral density (BMD; bone quantity), and second, restoring bone apatite c-axis orientation (bone quality). In addition to BMD, bone quality is the most important factor among bone mechanical properties. Recovery of the original bone function requires development of novel scaffolds with simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity. Herein, novel orthophosphosilicate glass (PSG)/poly(lactic acid) composite anisotropic scaffolds were developed to control cell alignment and enhance bone formation, which are important for the simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity. The strategy to control cell alignment and bone formation involved designing anisotropic scaffolds in combination with the release of therapeutic ions by PSGs. The morphology of fibrous scaffolds containing PSGs was quantitatively designed using electrospinning. This successfully modulated cell alignment and subsequent bone apatite c-axis orientation along the fiber-oriented direction. The released silicate and Mg2+ ions from PSGs in scaffolds improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and calcification. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the anisotropic scaffolds containing bioactive glasses regenerate bone tissues with simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity via stimulating osteoblasts by inorganic ions and designing morphology of scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Lee
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)NagoyaJapan
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Fukue Nagata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)NagoyaJapan
| | - Katsuya Kato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)NagoyaJapan
| | - Toshihiro Kasuga
- Division of Advanced Ceramics, Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya Institute of TechnologyNagoyaJapan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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4
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Study of the Effect of Calcium Substitution by Magnesium in the Vitreous System 3P 2O 5-2K 2O-(1 - x) CaO-x MgO. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112637. [PMID: 32527051 PMCID: PMC7321585 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate glasses have potentially interesting properties that can be used in various applications. Recently, different studies are focusing on their dissolution behaviours that can be modified to suit some environmental applications, such as controlled-release fertilisers. In this work, magnesium had been suggested to improve the glass durability of 3P2O5-2K2O-(1 − x)CaO-xMgO glasses (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). Indeed, its effect on glass structure, thermal properties and most important dissolution behaviours were studied, in order to evaluate their suitability of being used as controlled-release fertilisers. Various compositions in which calcium was partially replaced by magnesium were prepared by melting at 800 °C. The samples were characterised by differential scanning calorimetry, density measurements, X-Ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The dissolution behaviours were investigated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ICP-OES, pH measurements and SEM. Substitution of calcium by magnesium reduced the glass density, owing to the lower atomic weight of magnesium compared to calcium, and caused an increase in glass transition and crystallisation temperatures. Magnesium substitution significantly improved the chemical durability of the glasses due to more covalent Mg–O bond than the Ca–O bond. This study demonstrated that 3P2O5-2K2O-0.3CaO-0.7MgO (x = 0.7) had a dissolution profile adequate to the criteria of controlled-release fertilisers and could be used to nourish the plants with phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium.
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5
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Chang JS, Strunk J, Chong MN, Poh PE, Ocon JD. Multi-dimensional zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoarchitectures as efficient photocatalysts: What is the fundamental factor that determines photoactivity in ZnO? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 381:120958. [PMID: 31416043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While bulk zinc oxide (ZnO) is of non-toxic in nature, ZnO nanoarchitectures could potentially induce the macroscopic characteristics of oxidative, lethality and toxicity in the water environment. Here we report a systematic study through state-of-the-art controllable synthesis of multi-dimensional ZnO nanoarchitectures (i.e. 0D-nanoparticle, 1D-nanorod, 2D-nanosheet, and 3D-nanoflowers), and subsequent in-depth understanding on the fundamental factor that determines their photoactivities. The photoactivities of resultant ZnO nanoarchitectures were interpreted in terms of the photodegradation of salicylic acid as well as inactivation of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli under UV-A irradiation. Photodegradation results showed that 1D-ZnO nanorods demonstrated the highest salicylic acid photodegradation efficiency (99.4%) with a rate constant of 0.0364 min-1. 1D-ZnO nanorods also exhibited the highest log reductions of B. subtilis and E. coli of 3.5 and 4.2, respectively. Through physicochemical properties standardisation, an intermittent higher k value for pore diameter (0.00097 min-1 per mm), the highest k values for crystallite size (0.00171 min-1 per nm) and specific surface area (0.00339 min-1 per m2/g) contributed to the exceptional photodegradation performance of nanorods. Whereas, the average normalised log reduction against the physicochemical properties of nanorods (i.e. low crystallite size, high specific surface area and pore diameter) caused the strongest bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Sen Chang
- School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Strunk
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Meng Nan Chong
- School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Phaik Eong Poh
- School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE 47500, Malaysia
| | - Joey D Ocon
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Engineering (LEE), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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6
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Abou Neel EA, Kiani A, Valappil SP, Mordan NM, Baek S, Zakir Hossain KM, Felfel RM, Ahmed I, Divakarl K, Chrzanowski W, Knowles JC. Glass microparticle‐ versus microsphere‐filled experimental dental adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya A. Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Restorative Dentistry DepartmentKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of DentistryTanta University Tanta Egypt
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering DivisionUCL, Eastman Dental Institute 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD United Kingdom
| | - Azadeh Kiani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering DivisionUCL, Eastman Dental Institute 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD United Kingdom
| | - Sabeel P. Valappil
- Department of Health Services Research and School of DentistryUniversity of Liverpool Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN United Kingdom
| | - Nicky M. Mordan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering DivisionUCL, Eastman Dental Institute 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD United Kingdom
| | - Song‐Yi Baek
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering DivisionUCL, Eastman Dental Institute 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD United Kingdom
| | - Kazi M. Zakir Hossain
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | - Reda M. Felfel
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham United Kingdom
- Physics Department, Faculty of ScienceMansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Kamini Divakarl
- The Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyThe University of Sydney NSW 2006 Sydney Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- The Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyThe University of Sydney NSW 2006 Sydney Australia
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering DivisionUCL, Eastman Dental Institute 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD United Kingdom
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUCL Campus London United Kingdom
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative MedicineDankook University Cheonan 31114 Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman‐Korea Dental Medicine Innovation CentreDankook University Cheonan 31114 Republic of Korea
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7
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Islam MT, Sharmin N, Rance GA, Titman JJ, Parsons AJ, Hossain KMZ, Ahmed I. The effect of MgO/TiO
2
on structural and crystallization behavior of near invert phosphate‐based glasses. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:674-686. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Towhidul Islam
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Nusrat Sharmin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China
| | - Graham A. Rance
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre (nmRC), Cripps SouthUniversity Park, University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Jeremy J. Titman
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew J. Parsons
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Kazi M. Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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8
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Ponnamma D, Cabibihan JJ, Rajan M, Pethaiah SS, Deshmukh K, Gogoi JP, Pasha SKK, Ahamed MB, Krishnegowda J, Chandrashekar BN, Polu AR, Cheng C. Synthesis, optimization and applications of ZnO/polymer nanocomposites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1210-1240. [PMID: 30813004 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer composites have established an excellent position among the technologically essential materials because of their wide range of applications. An enormous research interest has been devoted to zinc oxide (ZnO) based polymer nanocomposites, due to their exceptional electrical, optical, thermal, mechanical, catalytic, and biomedical properties. This article provides a review of various polymer composites consisting of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as reinforcements, exhibiting excellent properties for applications such as the dielectric, sensing, piezoelectric, electromagnetic shielding, thermal conductivity and energy storage. The preparation methods of such composites including solution blending, in situ polymerization, and melt intercalation are also explained. The current challenges and potential applications of these composites are provided in order to guide future progress on the development of more promising materials. Finally, a detailed summary of the current trends in the field is presented to progressively show the future prospects for the development of ZnO containing polymer nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John-John Cabibihan
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sundar Pethaiah
- Gashubin Engineering Pvt Ltd, 8 New Industrial Road, 536200, Singapore
| | - Kalim Deshmukh
- Department of Physics, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, TN, India.
| | - Jyoti Prasad Gogoi
- Department of Physics, The Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat 785006, India
| | - S K Khadheer Pasha
- Department of Physics, VIT-AP University, Amaravati Campus, Guntur 522501, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Basheer Ahamed
- Department of Physics, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, TN, India
| | - Jagadish Krishnegowda
- Centre for Materials Science and Technology, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - B N Chandrashekar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanoimprint Technology, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Anji Reddy Polu
- Department of Physics, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Kacharam, Shamshabad, 501218 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanoimprint Technology, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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9
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Wang Y, Zhu C, Parsons A, Rudd C, Ahmed I, Sharmin N. Effects of ZnO addition on thermal properties, degradation and biocompatibility of P45Mg24Ca16Na(15−x)Znx glasses. BIOMEDICAL GLASSES 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Four phosphate-based glass formulations in the system P45Mg24Ca16Na(15−x)Znx, referred to as P45Znx (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15 mol%), were prepared using a melt quenching process. The effect of ZnO addition on density, molar volume, thermal properties and degradation rates were studied. An increase in the glass transition, crystallisation, melting and liquidus temperatures were seen when replacing Na2O with ZnO. The molar volume of the bulk glasses was seen to decrease with increasing ZnO content. The dissolution rate of the zinc-free glass was 2.48 × 10−8 kg m−2 s−1 and addition of 5 mol% ZnO resulted in a reduction of the dissolution rate to 1.68 × 10−8 kg m−2 s−1. However, further addition of ZnO from 5 mol% to 15 mol% increased the dissolution rate of the glass system. The glasses were deliberately crystallised and XRD studies identified the Z n2P2O7 phase for glass code P45Zn5, and Zn(PO3)2 phase for P45Zn10 and P45Zn15 glasses. Cyto-compatibility studies were conducted using MG63 cells for 14 days. An overall increase in the metabolic activity and DNA concentration of cells was seen from day 1 to day 14 for all glass formulations investigated. However, increasing ZnO content from 0 to 15 mol% seemed to have a negative effect on the cellular activity. Interestingly, a remarkably higher ALP activity was seen at day 14 for glass codes P45Zn5 and P45Zn10 in comparison with the TCP control and the P45Zn0 glass.
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10
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Gupta D, Hossain KMZ, Ahmed I, Sottile V, Grant DM. Flame-Spheroidized Phosphate-Based Glass Particles with Improved Characteristics for Applications in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Therapy and Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25972-25982. [PMID: 30011175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical formulation of phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) can be tailored to fit particular end applications such as bone tissue engineering. While most reports to date have evaluated the effect of PBG chemical formulation on bone cells, this study specifically explored the manufacturing process, the changes in physical and chemical properties of PBG particles after flame spheroidization, and subsequent effects on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a prime cell type for regenerative medicine applications. Flame spheroidization involves feeding irregular PBG particles (microparticles, MP) into a hot flame, causing them to melt and mold into solid spherical PBG particles (microspheres, MS). The laser diffraction analysis showed an increase in the volume-weighted mean diameter of particles from 48 to 139 μm after spheroidization and also revealed changes in the chemical composition of smaller MS (< 45 μm in size), whereas MS in other size ranges did not show significantly different chemical composition compared to MP. Additionally, some air bubbles were entrapped inside particles during spheroidization, causing a 2% drop in relative density of MS. However, the packing density of MS was 30% higher than that of MP. Culture of hMSCs on the particles showed significant improvement in cell spreading on MS compared to that on MP and nearly 2 times higher cell metabolic activity after 7 days of culture, suggesting that MS provided a more favorable support and geometry for hMSC attachment and growth for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanak Gupta
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - David M Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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11
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AlQaysi M, Aldaadaa A, Mordan N, Shah R, Knowles JC. Zinc and strontium based phosphate glass beads: a novel material for bone tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:065011. [PMID: 28762960 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa8346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Degradable phosphate-based glasses that contain strontium, zinc and calcium were investigated to examine their function as an osteoconductive material. Glass beads of the general formula of (P2O5)-(Na2O)-(TiO2)-(CaO)-(SrO) or (ZnO) were prepared by a melt quench technique followed by milling and spheroidisation. After performing x-ray diffraction on all the samples for glass structure evaluation, glass bead size distribution was initially measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then, some of these samples were immersed in deionised water to evaluate both the surface changes and measure the ion release rate, whereas other samples of glass beads were incubated in culture media to determine pH changes. Furthermore, human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells MG63 and human mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on the glass beads to determine their cytocompatibility via applying CCK assay, ALP assay and Ca assay. SEM images and fluorescence images of confocal microscopy were performed for the cellular studies. While mass degradation and ion release results displayed a significant increase with zinc and strontium incorporation within time, pH results showed an initial increase in pH followed by a decrease. Cellular studies emphasised that all formulations enhanced cellular proliferation. Phosphate glass beads with zinc content 5 mol% and strontium content of 17.5 mol%, (ZnO5) and (SrO17.5) respectively displayed more promising results although they were insignificantly different from that of control (p > 0.05). This may suggest their applicability in hard tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa AlQaysi
- Division of Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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12
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Islam MT, Felfel RM, Abou Neel EA, Grant DM, Ahmed I, Hossain KMZ. Bioactive calcium phosphate-based glasses and ceramics and their biomedical applications: A review. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417719170. [PMID: 28794848 PMCID: PMC5524250 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417719170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An overview of the formation of calcium phosphate under in vitro environment on the surface of a range of bioactive materials (e.g. from silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses, glass-ceramics, bioceramics to metals) based on recent literature is presented in this review. The mechanism of bone-like calcium phosphate (i.e. hydroxyapatite) formation and the test protocols that are either already in use or currently being investigated for the evaluation of the bioactivity of biomaterials are discussed. This review also highlights the effect of chemical composition and surface charge of materials, types of medium (e.g. simulated body fluid, phosphate-buffered saline and cell culture medium) and test parameters on their bioactivity performance. Finally, a brief summary of the biomedical applications of these newly formed calcium phosphate (either in the form of amorphous or apatite) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Towhidul Islam
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reda M Felfel
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ensanya A Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Qaysi MA, Petrie A, Shah R, Knowles JC. Degradation of zinc containing phosphate-based glass as a material for orthopedic tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:157. [PMID: 27620740 PMCID: PMC5020113 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate-based glasses have been examined in many studies as a potential biomaterial for bone repair because of its degradation properties, which can be controlled and allow the release of various elements to promote osteogenic tissue growth. However most of these experiments studied either tertiary or quaternary glass systems. This study investigated a qinternary system that included titanium dioxide for degradation rate control and zinc that is considered to have a role in bone formation. Zinc and titanium phosphate glass discs of different compositions were melt synthesized and samples of each composition was tested for different physical, chemical and biological characteristics via density measurement, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, mass loss, ion release, scanning electron microscopy, biocompatibility studies via live/dead assays at three time points (day 1, 4, and 7). The results showed that the glass was amorphous and that the all thermal variables decreased as zinc oxide amount raised, mass loss as well as ion release increased as zinc oxide increased, and the maximum rise was with ZnO15. The cellular studies showed that all the formulation showed similar cytocompatibility properties with MG63 except ZnO15, which displayed cytotoxic properties and this was confirmed also by the scanning electron microscope images. In conclusion, replacing calcium oxide with zinc oxide in proportion less than 10 % can have a positive effect on bone forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Al Qaysi
- Division of Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Aviva Petrie
- Department of Statistics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Rishma Shah
- Unit of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Abou Neel EA, Chrzanowski W, Knowles JC. Biological performance of titania containing phosphate-based glasses for bone tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 35:307-13. [PMID: 24411382 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between glass chemistry, structure, degradation kinetics, and biological activity provides flexibility for the development of scaffolds with highly specific cellular response. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the role of titania inclusion into the phosphate-based glass on its ability to stimulate osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells to adhere, proliferate and differentiate. In depth morphological and biochemical characterisation was performed on HOS cells cultured on the surface of glass discs. Cell proliferation was also studied in the presence of the glass extract. Cell differentiation, through osteoblast phenotype genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin production, was carried out using normal or osteogenic media. Both Thermanox® and titania free glass were used as controls. The data demonstrated that titania inclusion provides desired cytocompatible surface that supported initial cell attachment, sustained viability, and increased cell proliferation similar or significantly higher than Thermanox®. The modified glasses regulated osteoblastic cell differentiation as detected by osteoblast phenotype gene transcription and upregulated ALP and osteocalcin expression. Using osteogenic media had no significant effect on ALP activity and osteocalcin expression. Therefore, titania modified phosphate glasses may have future use as bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya Ali Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Conservative Dental Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Bank Building, NSW2006, Australia; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Reserch Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Reserch Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lakhkar NJ, Lee IH, Kim HW, Salih V, Wall IB, Knowles JC. Bone formation controlled by biologically relevant inorganic ions: role and controlled delivery from phosphate-based glasses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:405-20. [PMID: 22664230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of metal ions in the body and particularly in the formation, regulation and maintenance of bone is only just starting to be unravelled. The role of some ions, such as zinc, is more clearly understood due to its central importance in proteins. However, a whole spectrum of other ions is known to affect bone formation but the exact mechanism is unclear as the effects can be complex, multifactorial and also subtle. Furthermore, a significant number of studies utilise single doses in cell culture medium, whereas the continual, sustained release of an ion may initiate and mediate a completely different response. We have reviewed the role of the most significant ions that are known to play a role in bone formation, namely calcium, zinc, strontium, magnesium, boron, titanium and also phosphate anions as well as copper and its role in angiogenesis, an important process interlinked with osteogenesis. This review will also examine how delivery systems may offer an alternative way of providing sustained release of these ions which may effect and potentiate a more appropriate and rapid tissue response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay J Lakhkar
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Rd, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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16
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Aravindan S, Rajendran V, Rajendran N. Investigations on the Thermal and Elastic Properties of ZnO-Incorporated Phosphate Glasses and Glass Ceramics. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2011.649502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Kiani A, Lakhkar NJ, Salih V, Smith ME, Hanna JV, Newport RJ, Pickup DM, Knowles JC. Titanium-containing bioactive phosphate glasses. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:1352-1375. [PMID: 22349246 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomaterials has revolutionized the biomedical field and has received substantial attention in the last two decades. Among the various types of biomaterials, phosphate glasses have generated great interest on account of their remarkable bioactivity and favourable physical properties for various biomedical applications relating to both hard and soft tissue regeneration. This review paper focuses mainly on the development of titanium-containing phosphate-based glasses and presents an overview of the structural and physical properties. The effect of titanium incorporation on the glassy network is to introduce favourable properties. The biocompatibility of these glasses is described along with recent developments in processing methodologies, and the potential of Ti-containing phosphate-based glasses as a bone substitute material is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kiani
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
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18
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Kiani A, Hanna JV, King SP, Rees GJ, Smith ME, Roohpour N, Salih V, Knowles JC. Structural characterization and physical properties of P2O5-CaO-Na2O-TiO2 glasses by Fourier transform infrared, Raman and solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:333-40. [PMID: 21930253 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate-based glasses have been investigated for tissue engineering applications. This study details the properties and structural characterization of titanium ultra-phosphate glasses in the 55(P(2)O(5))-30(CaO)-(25-x)(Na(2)O)-x(TiO(2)) (0≤x≤5) system, which have been prepared via melt-quenching techniques. Structural characterization was achieved by a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. Physical properties were also investigated using density, degradation and ion release studies; additionally, differential thermal analysis was used for thermal analysis of these glasses. The results show that with the addition of TiO(2) the density and glass transition temperature increased whereas the degradation and ion release properties are decreased. From XRD data, TiP(2)O(7) and CaP(2)O(6) were detected in 3 and 5 mol.% TiO(2)-containing glasses. Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance results confirmed that as TiO(2) is incorporated into the glass; the amount of Q(3) increases as the amount of Q(2) consequently decreases, indicating increasing polymerization of the phosphate network. Spectroscopy results also showed that the local structure of glasses changes with increasing TiO(2) content. As TiO(2) is incorporated into the glass, the phosphate connectivity increases, indicating that the addition of TiO(2) content correlates unequivocally with an increase in glass stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Kiani
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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19
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Lakhkar N, Abou Neel EA, Salih V, Knowles JC. Titanium and strontium-doped phosphate glasses as vehicles for strontium ion delivery to cells. J Biomater Appl 2010; 25:877-93. [PMID: 20219848 DOI: 10.1177/0885328210362125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of a Ti-containing quaternary phosphate glass system P(2)O(5)-Na(2)O-CaO-TiO(2) as a vehicle for strontium ion delivery to cells. Four glass compositions were manufactured: 0.5P(2)O(5)-0.15Na(2)O-0.05TiO(2)-(0.3 - x)CaO-xSrO (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05). Structural characterization revealed that sodium calcium phosphate is the dominant phase in all the glasses. Degradation studies demonstrated highly linear glass degradation, with Sr-containing glasses degrading at higher rates than the Sr-free glass. Biocompatibility studies using MG63 cells showed that the Sr-containing glasses possess excellent cell attachment and growth, particularly over short periods (~4 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Lakhkar
- University College London, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
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20
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Neel EAA, O'Dell LA, Chrzanowski W, Smith ME, Knowles JC. Control of surface free energy in titanium doped phosphate based glasses by co-doping with zinc. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 89:392-407. [PMID: 18837445 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To significantly improve the biocompatibility of titanium doped phosphate based glasses, codoping with zinc has been attempted. This study investigated the effect of doping a quaternary 15Na(2)O:30CaO:5TiO(2):50P(2)O(5) glass with zinc oxide (1, 3, and 5 mol %) on bulk, structural, surface, and biological properties; the results were compared with glasses free from ZnO and/or TiO(2). ZnO as adjunct to TiO(2) was effective in changing density, interchain bond forces, degradation behavior, and ions released from the degrading glasses. Incorporation of both TiO(2) and ZnO in T5Z1, T5Z3, and T5Z5 glasses reduced the level of Zn(2+) release by two to three orders of magnitude compared with glasses containing ZnO only (Z5). (31)P NMR results for T5Z1, T5Z3, and T5Z5 glasses showed the presence of Q(3) species suggesting that the TiO(2) is acting as a network former, and the phosphate network becomes slightly more connected with increasing ZnO incorporation. Regardless of their relative lower hydrophilicity and surface reactivity compared with the control glass free from TiO(2) and ZnO (T0Z0), these glasses have significantly higher surface reactivity compared with Thermanox. This has been also reflected in the maintenance of >98% viable Osteoblasts, proliferation rate, and expression level of osteoblastic marker genes in a comparable manner to Thermanox and T5 glasses, particularly T5Z1 and T5Z3 glasses. However, T0Z0 and Z5 glasses showed significantly reduced viability compared to Thermanox. Therefore, it can be concluded that ZnO doped titanium phosphate glasses, T5Z1 and T5Z3 in particular, can be promising substrates for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya Ali Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Austin O'Dell
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Edmund Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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Valappil S, Ready D, Abou Neel E, Pickup D, O’Dell L, Chrzanowski W, Pratten J, Newport R, Smith M, Wilson M, Knowles J. Controlled delivery of antimicrobial gallium ions from phosphate-based glasses. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1198-210. [PMID: 18974026 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gallium-doped phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) have been recently shown to have antibacterial activity. However, the delivery of gallium ions from these glasses can be improved by altering the calcium ion concentration to control the degradation rate of the glasses. In the present study, the effect of increasing calcium content in novel gallium (Ga2O3)-doped PBGs on the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is examined. The lack of new antibiotics in development makes gallium-doped PBG potentially a highly promising new therapeutic agent. The results show that an increase in calcium content (14, 15 and 16 mol.% CaO) cause a decrease in degradation rate (17.6, 13.5 and 7.3 microg mm(-2) h(-1)), gallium ion release and antimicrobial activity against planktonic P. aeruginosa. The most potent glass composition (containing 14 mol.% CaO) was then evaluated for its ability to prevent the growth of biofilms of P. aeruginosa. Gallium release was found to reduce biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa with a maximum effect (0.86 log(10) CFU reduction compared to Ga2O3-free glasses) after 48 h. Analysis of the biofilms by confocal microscopy confirmed the anti-biofilm effect of these glasses as it showed both viable and non-viable bacteria on the glass surface. Results of the solubility and ion release studies show that this glass system is suitable for controlled delivery of Ga3+. 71Ga NMR and Ga K-edge XANES measurements indicate that the gallium is octahedrally coordinated by oxygen atoms in all samples. The results presented here suggest that PBGs may be useful in controlled drug delivery applications, to deliver gallium ions in order to prevent infections due to P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Abou Neel EA, Chrzanowski W, Pickup DM, O'Dell LA, Mordan NJ, Newport RJ, Smith ME, Knowles JC. Structure and properties of strontium-doped phosphate-based glasses. J R Soc Interface 2008; 6:435-46. [PMID: 18826914 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to similarity in both ionic size and polarity, strontium (Sr2+) is known to behave in a comparable way to calcium (Ca2+), and its role in bone metabolism has been well documented as both anti-resorptive and bone forming. In this study, novel quaternary strontium-doped phosphate-based glasses, containing 1, 3 and 5 mol% SrO, were synthesized and characterized. (31)P magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that, as the Sr2+ content is increased in the glasses, there is a slight increase in disproportionation of Q2 phosphorus environments into Q(1) and Q3 environments. Moreover, shortening and strengthening of the phosphorus to bridging oxygen distance occurred as obtained from FTIR. The general broadening of the spectral features with Sr2+ content is most probably due to the increased variation of the phosphate-cation bonding interactions caused by the introduction of the third cation. This increased disorder may be the cause of the increased degradation of the Sr-containing glasses relative to the Sr-free glass. As confirmed from elemental analysis, all Sr-containing glasses showed higher Na2O than expected and this also could be accounted for by the higher degradation of these glasses compared with Sr-free glasses. Measurements of surface free energy (SFE) showed that incorporation of strontium had no effect on SFE, and samples had relatively higher fractional polarity, which is not expected to promote high cell activity. From viability studies, however, the incorporation of Sr2+ showed better cellular response than Sr(2+)-free glasses, but still lower than the positive control. This unfavourable cellular response could be due to the high degradation nature of these glasses and not due to the presence of Sr2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya A Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
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