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De Giorgi S, Raddadi N, Fabbri A, Gallina Toschi T, Fava F. Potential use of ricotta cheese whey for the production of lactobionic acid by Pseudomonas taetrolens strains. N Biotechnol 2018; 42:71-76. [PMID: 29476816 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a fine chemical largely applied in the food, chemical, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Here, its production from ricotta cheese whey (RCW), or scotta, the main by-product obtained from ricotta cheese production process and currently employed mainly for cattle feed, was evaluated. Among seven bacterial species tested, only two Pseudomonas taetrolens strains were selected after preliminary screening in shake-flasks. When autoclaved RCW was used, a lactobionic acid titer of 34.25 ± 2.86 g/l, with a conversion yield (defined as mol LBA/mol of consumed lactose%) of up to 85 ± 7.0%, was obtained after 48 h of batch fermentation in 3 L stirred tank bioreactor. This study is a preliminary investigation on the potential industrial use of scotta as a substrate for bacterial growth and lactobionic acid production that details the possible biotechnological valorization pathways and feasibility of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Giorgi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Italy; Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DiSTAL), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Noura Raddadi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fabbri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DiSTAL), University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Italy
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Iacobazzi RM, Porcelli L, Lopedota AA, Laquintana V, Lopalco A, Cutrignelli A, Altamura E, Di Fonte R, Azzariti A, Franco M, Denora N. Targeting human liver cancer cells with lactobionic acid-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC sorafenib loaded dendrimers. Int J Pharm 2017. [PMID: 28624661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reported here is the synthesis and biological evaluation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) targeted fourth generation poliamidoamine dendrimer (G(4)-PAMAM) loaded with sorafenib. The ASGP-R targeted dendrimer was obtained by conjugation of Lactobionic acid (La) to the G(4)-PAMAM dendrimer, followed by acetylation (Ac) of the free amino groups in order to reduce the non-specific interactions with the cell membrane. Moreover, by additionally grafting fluorescein (FITC), it was easy to characterize the internalization pathway and the intracellular fate of the targeted dendrimer Ac-La-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC. In vitro experiments performed on HepG-2 and HLE cell lines, allowed to study the ability of the dendrimers to affect the cell vitality. Confocal microscopy and cytofluorimetric analysis confirmed higher binding and uptake ability of the Ac-La-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC dendrimer in well differentiated and ASGP-R expressing human liver cancer cell line HepG-2 compared non-expressing HLE cells. Ac-La-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC dendrimer loaded with sorafenib was stable and showed sustained sorafenib release. As evidenced by the cytotoxicity studies, sorafenib included in the dendrimer maintained its effectiveness, and was able to produce a longer lasting effect over the time compared to molar equivalent doses of free sorafenib. This new targeted dendrimer appears to be a suitable carrier for the delivery of sorafenib to liver cancer cells expressing ASGP-R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Istituto Tumori IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Emiliano Altamura
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Istituto Tumori IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Istituto Tumori IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Franco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Oh E, Liu R, Nel A, Gemill KB, Bilal M, Cohen Y, Medintz IL. Meta-analysis of cellular toxicity for cadmium-containing quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:479-86. [PMID: 26925827 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationships between the physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials and their toxicity is critical for environmental and health risk analysis. However, this task is confounded by material diversity, heterogeneity of published data and limited sampling within individual studies. Here, we present an approach for analysing and extracting pertinent knowledge from published studies focusing on the cellular toxicity of cadmium-containing semiconductor quantum dots. From 307 publications, we obtain 1,741 cell viability-related data samples, each with 24 qualitative and quantitative attributes describing the material properties and experimental conditions. Using random forest regression models to analyse the data, we show that toxicity is closely correlated with quantum dot surface properties (including shell, ligand and surface modifications), diameter, assay type and exposure time. Our approach of integrating quantitative and categorical data provides a roadmap for interrogating the wide-ranging toxicity data in the literature and suggests that meta-analysis can help develop methods for predicting the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, Washington DC 20375, USA
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Columbia, Maryland 21046, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1496, USA
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
| | - Andre Nel
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Kelly Boeneman Gemill
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, SW Washington, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
| | - Yoram Cohen
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1496, USA
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1592, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, SW Washington, Washington DC 20375, USA
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Rohilla R, Garg T, Goyal AK, Rath G. Herbal and polymeric approaches for liver-targeting drug delivery: novel strategies and their significance. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:1645-61. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.945018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Kim DY, Han YH, Lee JH, Kang IK, Jang BK, Kim S. Characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites consolidated by spark plasma sintering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:768254. [PMID: 24724100 PMCID: PMC3960548 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pure HA and 1, 3, 5, and 10 vol% multiwalled carbon nanotube- (MWNT-) reinforced hydroxyapatite (HA) were consolidated using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The relative density of pure HA increased with increasing sintering temperature, but that of the MWNT/HA composite reached almost full density at 900°C, and then decreased with further increases in sintering temperature. The relative density of the MWNT/HA composites increased with increasing MWNT content due to the excellent thermal conductivity of MWNTs. The grain size of MWNT/HA composites decreased with increasing MWNT content and increased with increasing sintering temperature. Pull-out toughening of the MWNTs of the MWNT/HA composites was observed in the fractured surface, which can be used to predict the improvement of the mechanical properties. On the other hand, the existence of undispersed or agglomerate MWNTs in the MWNT/HA composites accompanied large pores. The formation of large pores increased with increasing sintering temperature and MWNT content. The addition of MWNT in HA increased the hardness and fracture toughness by approximately 3~4 times, despite the presence of large pores produced by un-dispersed MWNTs. This provides strong evidence as to why the MWNTs are good candidates as reinforcements for strengthening the ceramic matrix. The MWNT/HA composites did not decompose during SPS sintering. The MWNT-reinforced HA composites were non-toxic and showed a good cell affinity and morphology in vitro for 1 day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Yeon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Koog Jang
- Advanced Ceramics Group, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Sukyoung Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Study of Polycation-Capped Mn:ZnSe Quantum Dots as a Novel Fluorescent Probe for Living Cells. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:767-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Bio-production of lactobionic acid: Current status, applications and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1275-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Efficient hepatic delivery of drugs: novel strategies and their significance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:382184. [PMID: 24286077 PMCID: PMC3826320 DOI: 10.1155/2013/382184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver is a vital organ responsible for plethora of functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for the sustenance of life. Therefore, patients with chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma need immediate attention to sustain life and as a result are often exposed to the prolonged treatment with drugs/herbal medications. Lack of site-specific delivery of these medications to the hepatocytes/nonparenchymal cells and adverse effects associated with their off-target interactions limit their continuous use. This calls for the development and fabrication of targeted delivery systems which can deliver the drug payload at the desired site of action for defined period of time. The primary aim of drug targeting is to manipulate the whole body distribution of drugs, that is, to prevent distribution to non-target cells and concomitantly increase the drug concentration at the targeted site. Carrier molecules are designed for their selective cellular uptake, taking advantage of specific receptors or binding sites present on the surface membrane of the target cell. In this review, various aspects of liver targeting of drug molecules and herbal medications have been discussed which elucidate the importance of delivering the drugs/herbal medications at their desired site of action.
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Selim KMK, Xing ZC, Choi MJ, Chang Y, Guo H, Kang IK. Reduced cytotoxicity of insulin-immobilized CdS quantum dots using PEG as a spacer. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:528. [PMID: 21943314 PMCID: PMC3228607 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity is a severe problem for cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CSNPs) in biological systems. In this study, mercaptoacetic acid-coated CSNPs, typical semiconductor Q-dots, were synthesized in aqueous medium by the arrested precipitation method. Then, amino-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG) was conjugated to the surface of CSNPs (PCSNPs) in order to introduce amino groups to the surface. Finally, insulin was immobilized on the surface of PCSNPs (ICSNPs) to reduce cytotoxicity as well as to enhance cell compatibility. The presence of insulin on the surface of ICSNPs was confirmed by observing infrared absorptions of amide I and II. The mean diameter of ICSNPs as determined by dynamic light scattering was about 38 nm. Human fibroblasts were cultured in the absence and presence of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles to evaluate cytotoxicity and cell compatibility. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of insulin-immobilized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles was significantly suppressed by usage of PEG as a spacer. In addition, cell proliferation was highly facilitated by the addition of ICSNPs. The ICSNPs used in this study will be potentials to be used in bio-imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- KM Kamruzzaman Selim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Zhi-Cai Xing
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Moon-Jeong Choi
- Medical and Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyungpook National University, Dongin-dong, Daegu 700-422, South Korea
| | - Haiqing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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Guo BH, Cheng Y, Lin LP, Lin DH, Wu W. Preparation and characterization of galactose-modified liposomes by a nonaqueous enzymatic reaction. J Liposome Res 2011; 21:255-60. [PMID: 21545336 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.573795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, NOH (NOH = N-octadecyl-4-[(D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy hexanamide) was enzymatically synthesized as a targeting molecule and incorporated into liposomes to prepare a liposome surface modified with galactose. Glycyrrhetinic-acid-loaded liposome (GA-LP) and glycyrrhetinic-acid-loaded liposome surface modified with galactose (NOH-GA-LP) were prepared by the ethanol-injection method. NOH-GA-LP was characterized by morphology, particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release in vitro, and stability. The size of spherical particles was in the range of 179-211 nm. Spherical particles exhibit a positive electrical charge (38.7 mV) and possess high encapsulation efficiency (91.3%) and show sustained release (72% over 48 hours) in vitro. This novel approach for the liposome surface modified with galactose by enzymatic synthesis is expected to provide potential application as a drug carrier for active targeted delivery to hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-hong Guo
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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