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Shen Z, Saito H, Mita W, Fujihara T, Cho HB, Nakayama T. One-step formation of three-dimensional interconnected T-shaped microstructures inside composites by orthogonal bidirectional self-assembly method. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2313957. [PMID: 38444591 PMCID: PMC10913699 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2313957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The fillers inside a polymer matrix should typically be self-assembled in both the horizontal and vertical directions to obtain 3-dimentional (3D) percolation pathways, whereby the fields of application can be expanded and the properties of organic-inorganic composite films improved. Conventional dielectrophoresis techniques can typically only drive fillers to self-assemble in only one direction. We have devised a one-step dielectrophoresis-driven approach that effectively induces fillers self-assembly along two orthogonal axes, which results in the formation of 3D interconnected T-shaped iron microstructures (3D-T CIP) inside a polymer matrix. This approach to carbonyl iron powder (CIP) embedded in a polymer matrix results in a linear structure along the thickness direction and a network structure on the top surface of the film. The fillers in the polymer were controlled to achieve orthogonal bidirectional self-assembly using an external alternating current (AC) electric field and a non-contact technique that did not lead to electrical breakdown. The process of 3D-T CIP formation was observed in real time using in situ observation methods with optical microscopy, and the quantity and quality of self-assembly were characterized using statistical and fractal analysis. The process of fillers self-assembly along the direction perpendicular to the electric field was explained by finite element analogue simulations, and the results indicated that the insulating polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film between the electrode and the CIP/prepolymer suspension was the key to the formation of the 3D-T CIP. In contrast to the traditional two-step method of fabricating sandwich-structured film, the fabricated 3D-T CIP film with 3D electrically conductive pathways can be applied as magnetic field sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Shen
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wataru Mita
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujihara
- National Institute of Technology, Anan College, Anan, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hong-Baek Cho
- Department of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tadachika Nakayama
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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2
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Jenkins D, Salhadar K, Ashby G, Mishra A, Cheshire J, Beltran F, Grunlan M, Andrieux S, Stubenrauch C, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. PoreScript: Semi-automated pore size algorithm for scaffold characterization. Bioact Mater 2022; 13:1-8. [PMID: 35224287 PMCID: PMC8843970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold pore size influences many critical physical aspects of tissue engineering, including tissue infiltration, biodegradation rate, and mechanical properties. Manual measurements of pore sizes from scanning electron micrographs using ImageJ/FIJI are commonly used to characterize scaffolds, but these methods are both time-consuming and subject to user bias. Current semi-automated analysis tools are limited by a lack of accessibility or limited sample size in their verification process. The work here describes the development of a new MATLAB algorithm, PoreScript, to address these limitations. The algorithm was verified using three common scaffold fabrication methods (e.g., salt leaching, gas foaming, emulsion templating) with varying pore sizes and shapes to demonstrate the versatility of this new tool. Our results demonstrate that the pore size characterization using PoreScript is comparable to manual pore size measurements. The PoreScript algorithm was further evaluated to determine the effect of user-input and image parameters (relative image magnification, pixel intensity threshold, and pore structure). Overall, this work validates the accuracy of the PoreScript algorithm across several fabrication methods and provides user-guidance for semi-automated image analysis and increased throughput of scaffold characterization. PoreScript is a semi-automated MATLAB algorithm to rapidly and accurately characterize scaffold pore size distribution. PoreScript was validated with multiple polymeric scaffolds of different fabrication methods and pore architectures. Guidance of key input variables provides users with a tool for rapid characterization to accelerate scaffold development.
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Mousavi S, Filipová L, Ebert J, Heiligtag F, Daumke R, Loser W, Ledergerber B, Frank B, Adlhart C. Clarification of yeast cell suspensions by a highly porous polyamide nanofiber sponge. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Guida P, Piscitelli E, Marrese M, Martino V, Cirillo V, Guarino V, Angeli E, Cocola C, Pelucchi P, Repetto L, Firpo G, Karnavas T, Gotte M, Gritzapis A, D'Albore M, Repetto D, Pezzuoli D, Missitzis I, Porta G, Bertalot G, Bellipanni G, Zucchi I, Ambrosio L, Valbusa U, Reinbold RA. Integrating Microstructured Electrospun Scaffolds in an Open Microfluidic System for in Vitro Studies of Human Patient-Derived Primary Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3649-3663. [PMID: 33463182 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that microenvironmental stimuli play a significant role in regulating cellular proliferation and migration, as well as in modulating self-renewal and differentiation processes of mammary cells with stem cell (SCs) properties. Recent advances in micro/nanotechnology and biomaterial synthesis/engineering currently enable the fabrication of innovative tissue culture platforms suitable for maintenance and differentiation of SCs in vitro. Here, we report the design and fabrication of an open microfluidic device (OMD) integrating removable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based electrospun scaffolds, and we demonstrate that the OMD allows investigation of the behavior of human cells during in vitro culture in real time. Electrospun scaffolds with modified surface topography and chemistry can influence attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of mammary SCs and epigenetic mechanisms that maintain luminal cell identity as a function of specific morphological or biochemical cues imparted by tailor-made fiber post-treatments. Meanwhile, the OMD architecture allows control of cell seeding and culture conditions to collect more accurate and informative in vitro assays. In perspective, integrated systems could be tailor-made to mimic specific physiological conditions of the local microenvironment and then analyze the response from screening specific drugs for more effective diagnostics, long-term prognostics, and disease intervention in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Guida
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Marrese
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra D'Oltremare, Pad. 20, viale Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Martino
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Cirillo
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra D'Oltremare, Pad. 20, viale Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites & Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad. 20, viale Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Angeli
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cocola
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotech, via Fantoli 15/16, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Paride Pelucchi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Repetto
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Firpo
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Theodoros Karnavas
- Columbia University, Department of Genetics & Development, New York, 10032 United States
| | - Martin Gotte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Angelos Gritzapis
- Department of Breast Cancer Surgery, Hospital "Agios Savvas", Leoforos Alexandras Avenue, 171, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Marietta D'Albore
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra D'Oltremare, Pad. 20, viale Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Repetto
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Denise Pezzuoli
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ioannis Missitzis
- Department of Breast Cancer Surgery, Hospital "Agios Savvas", Leoforos Alexandras Avenue, 171, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via G Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia 19122, United States
| | - Ileana Zucchi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites & Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad. 20, viale Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Valbusa
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rolland A Reinbold
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
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5
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Zuppolini S, Maya IC, Diodato L, Guarino V, Borriello A, Ambrosio L. Self-associating cellulose-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone) to design nanoparticles for drug release. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110385. [PMID: 31923967 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in the use of polysaccharides nanoparticles for biomedical applications is related to the recent progresses on the synthesis of cellulose-based polymers with the specific functionalities. In particular, cellulose graft copolymers are emerging as amphiphilic materials suitable to fabricate smart nanoparticles for drug delivery applications. In this work, a cellulose-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone) (cell-g-PCL) was synthetized and characterized by FTIR, TGA and DSC in order to validate the synthesis process. We demonstrated that fast evaporation processes promoted cell-g-PCL self-assembly to form nanomicellar structures with hydrodynamic radius ranged from 30 to 60 nm as confirmed by TEM analysis. Moreover, the application of controlled electrostatic forces on solvent evaporation - namely electrospraying - allowed generating round-like nanoscaled particles, as confirmed by SEM supported via image analysis. We demonstrated also that sodium diclofenac (DS) drastically influenced the mechanism of particle formation, favoring the deposition of erythrocyte-like particles with highly concave surfaces, not penalizing the encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles (>80%). The release profile showed a fast delivery of DS - about 60% during the first 24 h - followed by a sustained release - about 20% during the next 6 days - strictly related to the peculiar weak interactions among amphiphilic polymer segments and water molecules, thus suggesting a successful use of electrosprayed cell-g-PCL nanoparticles for therapeutic treatments in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Zuppolini
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Iriczalli Cruz Maya
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Diodato
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Borriello
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy
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6
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Experimental study on the microscopic characteristics of foams stabilized by viscoelastic surfactant and nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Avraham ES, Fleker O, Benisvy L, Oakes L, Pint CL, Nessim GD. Inducing porosity and growing carbon nanofibers in ferroin perchlorate: An example of morphological transitions in coordination complexes. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Lalwani G, D'agati M, Gopalan A, Patel SC, Talukdar Y, Sitharaman B. Three-dimensional carbon nanotube scaffolds for long-term maintenance and expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1927-1939. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lalwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Michael D'agati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Anu Gopalan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Sunny C. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Yahfi Talukdar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
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9
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Avolio R, D'Albore M, Guarino V, Gentile G, Cocca MC, Zeppetelli S, Errico ME, Avella M, Ambrosio L. Pure titanium particle loaded nanocomposites: study on the polymer/filler interface and hMSC biocompatibility. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:153. [PMID: 27585912 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The integration of inorganic nanoparticles into polymer matrices allows for the modification of physical properties as well as the implementation of new features for unexplored application fields. Here, we propose the study of a new metal/polymer nanocomposite fabricated by dispersing pure Ti nanoparticles into a poly(methylmetacrilate) matrix via solvent casting process, to investigate its potential use as new biomaterial for biomedical applications. We demonstrated that Ti nanoparticles embedded in the poly(methylmetacrilate) matrix can act as reinforcing agent, not negatively influencing the biological response of human mesenchymal stem cell in terms of cytotoxicity and cell viability. As a function of relative amount and surface treatment, Ti nanoparticles may enhance mechanical strength of the composite-ranging from 31.1 ± 2.5 to 43.7 ± 0.7 MPa-also contributing to biological response in terms of adhesion and proliferation mechanisms. In particular, for 1 wt% Ti, treated Ti nanoparticles improve cell materials recognition, as confirmed by higher cell spreading-quantified in terms of cell area via image analysis-locally promoting stronger interactions at cell matrix interface. At this stage, these preliminary results suggest a promising use of pure Ti nanoparticles as filler in polymer composites for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Avolio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marietta D'Albore
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cocca
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Zeppetelli
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Errico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Avella
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Materials Technology, National Research Council of Italy, P.le A. Moro, 7, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Lalwani G, D'agati M, Gopalan A, Rao M, Schneller J, Sitharaman B. Three-dimensional macroporous graphene scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:73-83. [PMID: 27529473 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of carbon nanomaterials into three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds is critical to harness their unique physiochemical properties for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In this study, we report the fabrication, characterization, and in vitro cytocompatibility of true 3D (>1 mm in all three dimensions), macroscopic (3-8 mm in height and 4-6 mm in diameter), chemically cross-linked graphene scaffolds prepared via radical initiated thermal cross-linking of single- and multiwalled graphene oxide nanoribbons (SWGONRs and MWGONRs). SWGONR and MWGONR scaffolds possess tunable porosity (∼65-80%) and interconnected macro-, micro-, and nanoscale pores. Human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and murine MC3T3 preosteoblast cells show good cell viability on SWGONR and MWGONR scaffolds after 1, 3, and 5 days comparable to 3D poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. Confocal live-cell imaging showed that cells were metabolically active and could spread on SWGONR and MWGONR scaffolds. Immunofluorescence imaging showed the presence of focal adhesion protein vinculin and expression of cell proliferation marker Ki-67 suggesting that cells could attach and proliferate on SWGONR and MWGONR scaffolds. These results indicate that cross-linked SWGONR and MWGONR scaffolds are cytocompatible and opens-avenues toward the development of 3D multifunctional graphene scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 73-83, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lalwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-5281
| | - Michael D'agati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-5281
| | - Anu Gopalan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-5281
| | - Manisha Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-5281
| | - Jessica Schneller
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-5281
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Lalwani G, Gopalan A, D’Agati M, Sankaran JS, Judex S, Qin YX, Sitharaman B. Porous three-dimensional carbon nanotube scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3212-25. [PMID: 25788440 PMCID: PMC4552611 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of carbon nanomaterials into three-dimensional (3D) architectures is necessary to harness their unique physiochemical properties for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Herein, we report the fabrication and comprehensive cytocompatibility assessment of 3D chemically crosslinked macrosized (5-8 mm height and 4-6 mm diameter) porous carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffolds. Scaffolds prepared via radical initiated thermal crosslinking of single- or multiwalled CNTs (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) possess high porosity (>80%), and nano-, micro-, and macroscale interconnected pores. MC3T3 preosteoblast cells on MWCNT and SWCNT scaffolds showed good cell viability comparable to poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds after 5 days. Confocal live cell and immunofluorescence imaging showed that MC3T3 cells were metabolically active and could attach, proliferate, and infiltrate MWCNT and SWCNT scaffolds. SEM imaging corroborated cell attachment and spreading and suggested that cell morphology is governed by scaffold surface roughness. MC3T3 cells were elongated on scaffolds with high surface roughness (MWCNTs) and rounded on scaffolds with low surface roughness (SWCNTs). The surface roughness of scaffolds may be exploited to control cellular morphology and, in turn, govern cell fate. These results indicate that crosslinked MWCNTs and SWCNTs scaffolds are cytocompatible, and open avenues toward development of multifunctional all-carbon scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lalwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281
| | - Anu Gopalan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281
| | - Michael D’Agati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281
| | | | - Stefan Judex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281
| | - Yi-Xian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281
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12
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Lobo J, See EYS, Biggs M, Pandit A. An insight into morphometric descriptors of cell shape that pertain to regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 10:539-53. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lobo
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Eugene Yong-Shun See
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Manus Biggs
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
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13
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Veronesi F, Giavaresi G, Guarino V, Raucci MG, Sandri M, Tampieri A, Ambrosio L, Fini M. Bioactivity and bone healing properties of biomimetic porous composite scaffold: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2932-41. [PMID: 25689266 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) represents a valid alternative to traditional surgical therapies for the management of bone defects that do not regenerate spontaneously. Scaffolds, one of the most important component of TE strategy, should be biocompatible, bioactive, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological properties and bone regeneration ability of a porous poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold, incorporating MgCO3 -doped hydroxyapatite particles, uncoated (PCL_MgCHA) or coated by apatite-like crystals via biomimetic treatment (PCL_MgCHAB). It was observed that both scaffolds are not cytotoxic and, even if cell viability was similar on both scaffolds, PCL_MgCHAB showed higher alkaline phosphatase and collagen I (COLL I) production at day 7. PCL_MgCHA induced more tumor necrosis factor-α release than PCL_MgCHAB, while osteocalcin was produced less by both scaffolds up to 7 days and no significant differences were observed for transforming growth factor-β synthesis. The percentage of new bone trabeculae growth in wide defects carried out in rabbit femoral distal epiphyses was significantly higher in PCL_MgCHAB in comparison with PCL_MgCHA at 4 weeks and even more at 12 weeks after implantation. This study highlighted the role of a biomimetic composite scaffold in bone regeneration and lays the foundations for its future employment in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.,Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations, and Advanced Therapies (BITTA), RIT Department, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, Naples, 801025, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, Naples, 801025, Italy
| | - Monica Sandri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, Faenza (RA), Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, Faenza (RA), Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, Naples, 801025, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.,Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations, and Advanced Therapies (BITTA), RIT Department, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy
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14
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Chappard D, Stancu IC. Porosity imaged by a vector projection algorithm correlates with fractal dimension measured on 3D models obtained by microCT. J Microsc 2014; 258:24-30. [PMID: 25556606 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porosity is an important factor to consider in a large variety of materials. Porosity can be visualized in bone or 3D synthetic biomaterials by microcomputed tomography (microCT). Blocks of porous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were prepared with polystyrene beads of different diameter (500, 850, 1160 and 1560 μm) and analysed by microCT. On each 2D binarized microCT section, pixels of the pores which belong to the same image column received the same pseudo-colour according to a look up table. The same colour was applied on the same column of a frontal plane image which was constructed line by line from all images of the microCT stack. The fractal dimension Df of the frontal plane image was measured as well as the descriptors of the 3D models (porosity, 3D fractal dimension D3D, thickness, density and separation of material walls. Porosity, thickness Df and D3D increased with the size of the porogen beads. A linear correlation was observed between Df and D3D. This method provides quantitative and qualitative analysis of porosity on a single frontal plane image of a porous object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chappard
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 Angers, Cedex, France
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15
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Image tracking for the high similarity drug tablets based on light intensity reflective energy and artificial neural network. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2014; 2014:304685. [PMID: 25143781 PMCID: PMC4124843 DOI: 10.1155/2014/304685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is obvious that tablet image tracking exerts a notable influence on the efficiency and reliability of high-speed drug mass production, and, simultaneously, it also emerges as a big difficult problem and targeted focus during production monitoring in recent years, due to the high similarity shape and random position distribution of those objectives to be searched for. For the purpose of tracking tablets accurately in random distribution, through using surface fitting approach and transitional vector determination, the calibrated surface of light intensity reflective energy can be established, describing the shape topology and topography details of objective tablet. On this basis, the mathematical properties of these established surfaces have been proposed, and thereafter artificial neural network (ANN) has been employed for classifying those moving targeted tablets by recognizing their different surface properties; therefore, the instantaneous coordinate positions of those drug tablets on one image frame can then be determined. By repeating identical pattern recognition on the next image frame, the real-time movements of objective tablet templates were successfully tracked in sequence. This paper provides reliable references and new research ideas for the real-time objective tracking in the case of drug production practices.
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16
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Palamaro L, Guarino V, Scalia G, Antonini D, De Falco L, Bianchino G, Fusco A, Romano R, Grieco V, Missero C, Del Vecchio L, Ambrosio L, Pignata C. Human skin-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts co-cultured on 3D poly ε-caprolactone scaffold support in vitro HSC differentiation into T-lineage committed cells. Int Immunol 2013; 25:703-14. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxt035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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17
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Lalwani G, Kwaczala AT, Kanakia S, Patel SC, Judex S, Sitharaman B. Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Macroscopic All-Carbon Scaffolds. CARBON 2013; 53:90-100. [PMID: 23436939 PMCID: PMC3578711 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple method to fabricate macroscopic, 3-D, free standing, all-carbon scaffolds (porous structures) using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the starting materials. The scaffolds prepared by radical initiated thermal crosslinking, and annealing of MWCNTs possess macroscale interconnected pores, robust structural integrity, stability, and conductivity. The porosity of the three-dimensional structure can be controlled by varying the amount of radical initiator, thereby allowing the design of porous scaffolds tailored towards specific potential applications. This method also allows the fabrication of 3-D scaffolds using other carbon nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and graphene indicating that it could be used as a versatile method for 3-D assembly of carbon nanostructures with pi bond networks.
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18
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Ostwald MJ. The Fractal Analysis of Architecture: Calibrating the Box-Counting Method Using Scaling Coefficient and Grid Disposition Variables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1068/b38124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the mid-1990s architectural researchers have used the box-counting method to calculate the fractal dimension of a range of buildings and urban forms. While this approach has been widely adopted, there has been little consistency in how the multiple variables in the method have been applied. Furthermore, despite precedents in the sciences, no attempt has been made in architectural or urban analysis to use these parameters to calibrate or refine the method. In this paper the computational version of the box-counting approach is presented along with its methodological variables. Thereafter, nine mathematical fractals with known dimensions are tested using this method to identify the optimal approach to the scaling coefficient and grid disposition variables. Finally, using these new settings, two classic architectural test cases are reexamined: Robie House and the Villa Savoye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ostwald
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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19
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Chen Y, Zhao H, Wang R, Lan B, Deng L. CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TITANIUM SUBSTRATES COATED WITH GELATIN/HYDROXYAPATITE COMPOSITE FOR CULTURING RAT BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237212500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is widely used for making tissue engineering implants, due to its good corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, bare Ti does not integrate well with natural bone tissue and releases ions and particles that are harmful to the extracellular matrix. To overcome these problems, the Ti substrate could be coated with various biocompatible materials including a composite of gelatin and hydroxyapatite (HA). However, few have characterized and evaluated the coating of gelatin/HA on Ti substrate and its effect on bone related cells. In this study, samples of Ti substrate coated with gelatin/HA composite were fabricated with gelatin concentration ranging from 0 to 200 mg/L. The porous surface structure of gelatin/HA composite formed on the Ti substrate was then examined and characterized for its composition and topography by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and image processing and analysis software (ImageJ), respectively. Subsequently, rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSC) were cultured on the surface of gelatin/HA composite on Ti substrate, and evaluated for cell morphology, proliferation, and osteo-differentiation using SEM, MTT assay, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, respectively. It is shown that gelatin enhanced binding of HA onto Ti substrate, and the topography of the porous surface structures was influenced by gelatin concentration only for the large pore sizes. Furthermore, the results indicate that the porous surface structures of gelatin/HA on Ti substrate promoted proliferation and osteo–differentiation as compared to the naked pure Ti substrate, particularly on that with concentration of gelatin at 100 mg/L. These findings, taken together, suggest that Ti substrate can be coated with different porous surface structures of gelatin/HA composite with gelatin solution of different concentrations. Such coated Ti substrates can promote cytocompitibility and osteo-differentiation of BMMSC, and thus may be of potential in development of implants and devices for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingzhengjie Street Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingzhengjie Street Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingzhengjie Street Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Bo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingzhengjie Street Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingzhengjie Street Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
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20
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Quantifying optical microangiography images obtained from a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system. Int J Biomed Imaging 2012; 2012:509783. [PMID: 22792084 PMCID: PMC3389716 DOI: 10.1155/2012/509783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood vessel morphology is known to correlate with several diseases, such as cancer, and is important for describing several tissue physiological processes, like angiogenesis. Therefore, a quantitative method for characterizing the angiography obtained from medical images would have several clinical applications. Optical microangiography (OMAG) is a method for obtaining three-dimensional images of blood vessels within a volume of tissue. In this study we propose to quantify OMAG images obtained with a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system. A technique for determining three measureable parameters (the fractal dimension, the vessel length fraction, and the vessel area density) is proposed and validated. Finally, the repeatability for acquiring OMAG images is determined, and a new method for analyzing small areas from these images is proposed.
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21
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Tran RT, Naseri E, Kolasnikov A, Bai X, Yang J. A new generation of sodium chloride porogen for tissue engineering. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2011; 58:335-44. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Luciani A, Guarino V, Ambrosio L, Netti PA. Solvent and melting induced microspheres sintering techniques: a comparative study of morphology and mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2019-2028. [PMID: 21786134 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work we propose a bottom up approach founded on the assembly of building blocks by solvent induced microparticle sintering to realize multifunctional polymer scaffolds with predefined pore dimension and fully percolative pathway, able to include interspersing microdepot for the release of bioactive molecules. The aim of this study was to develop a versatile method of microspheres sintering based on the partial dissolution of the surface of adjacent microparticles and to compare it with melting induced microspheres sintering, just developed in a previous work. The two techniques were compared in terms of morphology, porosity and mechanical properties. The high potential of customizing the sintering process by the proper selection of the sintering techniques as well as microparticles with different features (e.g., material, size, shape, inner porosity) allows obtaining a wide pattern of micro/nanostructures with bio-inspired mechanical response so satisfying all basic requirements of a "smart" scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luciani
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,
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Guarino V, Guaccio A, Guarnieri D, Netti PA, Ambrosio L. Binary system thermodynamics to control pore architecture of PCL scaffold via temperature-driven phase separation process. J Biomater Appl 2011; 27:241-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211401056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of scaffold-aided strategies for the regeneration of biological tissues requires the fulfilment of an accurate architectural design, that is, micro and macrostructure, with the final goal of realizing architectures to adopt as guidance for those cell activities specific to the formation of novel tissues. Here, highly porous scaffolds made up of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) have been realized by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Two different polymer/solvent systems, derived by the dissolution of PCL in dioxane and DMSO respectively, were investigated. The aim was to demonstrate the high potential of TIPS technique, in imprinting specific pore features to the polymer matrices, by a conscious selection of polymer/solvent systems. The investigation of pore architecture by SEM/mercury intrusion porosimetry/image analyses, firstly allow to detect remarkable variations in porosity (from 92% to 78%,) and pore sizes, ranging from micro-scale ( ca 10 µm) to macro-scale (greater than 100 µm) as a function of the used polymer/solvent systems. Moreover, experimental and theoretical evidences referred to scaffold shaped in custom-made molds – a thin Teflon ring between two copper plates – allow exploring how the sensitivity of polymer solution features (i.e., crystallinity, thermal inertia) to the cooling temperature can affect the alignment of polymer phases and, ultimately, scaffold pore anisotropy. Analytical results supported by preliminary biological studies demonstrate the higher ability of PCL/dioxane solution to promote the formation of aligned pores which provide a morphological guidance to cell advance during the preliminary stage of culture. These findings, taken as a whole, put the basis for a better informed regeneration of structurally complex tissues based on the modeling of scaffold micro and macro-architecture by thermodynamic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council of Italy (IMCB/CNR), Piazzale Tecchio 80 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Guaccio
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Guarnieri
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council of Italy (IMCB/CNR), Piazzale Tecchio 80 Napoli, Italy
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