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Cuylear D, Elghazali NA, Kapila SD, Desai TA. Calcium Phosphate Delivery Systems for Regeneration and Biomineralization of Mineralized Tissues of the Craniofacial Complex. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:810-828. [PMID: 36652561 PMCID: PMC9906782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based materials have been extensively used for mineralized tissues in the craniofacial complex. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and inherent osteoconductive nature, their use as delivery systems for drugs and bioactive factors has several advantages. Of the three mineralized tissues in the craniofacial complex (bone, dentin, and enamel), only bone and dentin have some regenerative properties that can diminish due to disease and severe injuries. Therefore, targeting these regenerative tissues with CaP delivery systems carrying relevant drugs, morphogenic factors, and ions is imperative to improve tissue health in the mineralized tissue engineering field. In this review, the use of CaP-based microparticles, nanoparticles, and polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILPs) amorphous CaP nanodroplets for delivery to craniofacial bone and dentin are discussed. The use of these various form factors to obtain either a high local concentration of cargo at the macroscale and/or to deliver cargos precisely to nanoscale structures is also described. Finally, perspectives on the field using these CaP materials and next steps for the future delivery to the craniofacial complex are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnell
L. Cuylear
- Graduate
Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States,Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States
| | - Nafisa A. Elghazali
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States,UC
Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Sunil D. Kapila
- Section
of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1668, United States
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Graduate
Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States,Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States,UC
Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California 94143, United States,Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94143-2520, United States,School
of
Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States,
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2
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Pan P, Yue Q, Li J, Gao M, Yang X, Ren Y, Cheng X, Cui P, Deng Y. Smart Cargo Delivery System based on Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Bone Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004586. [PMID: 34165902 PMCID: PMC8224433 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone diseases constitute a major issue for modern societies as a consequence of progressive aging. Advantages such as open mesoporous channel, high specific surface area, ease of surface modification, and multifunctional integration are the driving forces for the application of mesoporous nanoparticles (MNs) in bone disease diagnosis and treatment. To achieve better therapeutic effects, it is necessary to understand the properties of MNs and cargo delivery mechanisms, which are the foundation and key in the design of MNs. The main types and characteristics of MNs for bone regeneration, such as mesoporous silica (mSiO2 ), mesoporous hydroxyapatite (mHAP), mesoporous calcium phosphates (mCaPs) are introduced. Additionally, the relationship between the cargo release mechanisms and bone regeneration of MNs-based nanocarriers is elucidated in detail. Particularly, MNs-based smart cargo transport strategies such as sustained cargo release, stimuli-responsive (e.g., pH, photo, ultrasound, and multi-stimuli) controllable delivery, and specific bone-targeted therapy for bone disease diagnosis and treatment are analyzed and discussed in depth. Lastly, the conclusions and outlook about the design and development of MNs-based cargo delivery systems in diagnosis and treatment for bone tissue engineering are provided to inspire new ideas and attract researchers' attention from multidisciplinary areas spanning chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qin Yue
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Meiqi Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuanyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Penglei Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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3
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Yang X, Tian Z, Guo K, Lu T, Ji J, Hao S, Xiao S. Preparation and mechanism of hydroxyapatite hollow microspheres with different surface charge by biomimetic method. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:47. [PMID: 32390082 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To meet the different application requirements in various fields, hydroxyapatite (HA) hollow microspheres with different surface charge were synthesized successfully by biomimetic method using Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High-resolution TEM (HRTEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Zeta PALS were used to characterize the obtained samples. The results indicated that the concentration of PEG and temperature significantly affect the morphology of the obtained samples. After incubation for 5 d, the HA hollow microspheres with positive surface charge, HA spherical nanoparticles with surface charge close to zero and calcium deficiency HA (d-HA) hollow microspheres with negative surface charge were obtained respectively in the presence of 5% PEG, 6% PEG and 7% PEG at 15 °C. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) revealed that the specific surface area of HA hollow microspheres reached 98.50 m2/g, while that of HA spherical nanoparticles were only 4.12 m2/g, hollow microspheres show a better application prospect. The possible formation mechanism was also discussed. Ca/P molar ratio >1.67, the surface charge of HA hollow microspheres inclines to be positive. Ca/P molar ratio <1.67, the surface charge of d-HA hollow microspheres tends to be negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Medical College, Yunnan University of Bussiness Management, Yunnan, 650106, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Kebing Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Chongqing Research Academy of Environmental Science, Chongqing, 401320, China
| | - Jingou Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Shangyou Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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4
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Injamuri S, Rahaman MN, Shen Y, Huang Y. Relaxin enhances bone regeneration with BMP‐2‐loaded hydroxyapatite microspheres. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1231-1242. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahitya Injamuri
- Department of Biological SciencesMissouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri
| | - Mohamed N. Rahaman
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMissouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri
| | - Youqu Shen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMissouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri
| | - Yue‐Wern Huang
- Department of Biological SciencesMissouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri
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5
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Jun Y, Oh H, Karpoormath R, Jha A, Patel R. Role of microsphere as drug carrier for osteogenic differentiation. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1713783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuju Jun
- Department of Nano Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Oh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Canada
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Department of Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
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6
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Li J, Xiong S, Ding L, Zeng J, Qiu P, Zhou J, Liao X, Xiong L. The mechanism research of non-Smad dependent TAK1 signaling pathway in the treatment of bone defects by recombination BMP-2-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:130. [PMID: 31776786 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to evaluate whether the non-Smad dependent TAK1 signaling pathway (BMP-2-TAK1-p38-Osx signaling pathway) played an important role in bone repair mediated by hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres/chitosan (CS) composite. METHODS Firstly, the biological activity of rhBMP-2 released from the complex was investigated. Then, differentiation test of osteoblasts including ALP activity and calcium deposition, X-ray scoring and three-point bending test were performed. Finally, the mRNAs expression of TAK1, p38, Osx and osteogenic markers was tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS RhBMP-2 could be loaded and released from the complex in bioactive form. Additionally, the complex provided a prolonged period of time compared with HA/CS scaffolds. Serum ALP activity was significantly decreased in the TAK1 inhibitor group and p38 inhibitor group. In the X-ray radiography, bone callus was observed in rhBMP-2-loaded hollow HA microspheres/CS composite group. In the three-point bending test, load values in p38 inhibitor group decreased. In the animal model, the mRNA expression of BSP on day 90 was significantly decreased in the p38 inhibitor group and TAK1 inhibitor group. In MC3T3-E1 cells, the mRNA expression of OSX was remarkably up-regulated in both rhBMP-2 group or rhBMP-2-loaded hollow HA microspheres/CS composite group; while the mRNA expression of OSX was significantly down-regulated in TAK1 inhibitor group and p38 inhibitor group. CONCLUSION The BMP-2-TAK1-p38-OSX signaling pathway may play an important role in bone formation and repair mediated by rhBMP-2-loaded hollow HA microspheres/CS composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shilang Xiong
- Department of Clinincal Medicine, He University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Linghua Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhua Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingen Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Long Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Study of bone repair mediated by recombination BMP-2/ recombination CXC chemokine Ligand-13-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite. Life Sci 2019; 234:116743. [PMID: 31408660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of bone repair mediated by recombination BMP-2 (rhBMP-2)/recombination CXC chemokine ligand-13 (rhCXCL13)-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres/chitosan (CS) composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the biological activity of rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 released from the complex was investigated. Secondly, the effect of rhBMP-2 sustained release solution on ALP activity and rhCXCL13 sustained release solution on cell migration of rat bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells was tested. Thirdly, osteoblasts differentiation test, X-ray scoring and three-point bending test were performed. Finally, the mRNAs expression of osteogenic marker genes and the protein expression of Runx2 was tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting (WB), respectively. KEY FINDINGS RhBMP-2 could significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation, and RhCXCL13 could promote the migration of rat bone marrow MSCs. Detection of ALP activity and calcium salt deposition showed that rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 could significantly improve the biological activity and promote cell differentiation ability. X-ray scoring of radius and flexural strength test showed that rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 could promote bone healing and improve the bending resistance of bone tissue. The in vitro molecular experiments including RT-PCR and WB further demonstrated the roles of rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 in bone formation and bone repair. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that the hollow HA microspheres/CS composite could be effective as a delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 and rhCXCL13 in bone regeneration and bone repair. In this process, rhBMP-2 may promote bone regeneration by regulating bone marrow MSCs cells recruited by rhCXCL13.
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8
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Elaboration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and chitosan/hydroxyapatite composites: a present status. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Facile synthesis of biphasic calcium phosphate microspheres with engineered surface topography for controlled delivery of drugs and proteins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:223-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Hydroxyapatite nanorod-assembled porous hollow polyhedra as drug/protein carriers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 496:416-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Mesoporous hydroxyapatite as a carrier of olanzapine for long-acting antidepression treatment in rats with induced depression. J Control Release 2017; 255:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Xiao G, Yin H, Xu W, Lu Y. Modification and cytocompatibility of biocomposited porous PLLA/HA-microspheres scaffolds. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:1462-75. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1211000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiyong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Ji’nan, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan, PR China
- Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Shandong University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Han Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Ji’nan, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan, PR China
- Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Shandong University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yupeng Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Ji’nan, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan, PR China
- Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Shandong University, Suzhou, PR China
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13
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Scaffolds for bone regeneration made of hydroxyapatite microspheres in a collagen matrix. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:499-505. [PMID: 27040244 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic scaffolds with a structural and chemical composition similar to native bone tissue may be promising for bone tissue regeneration. In the present work hydroxyapatite mesoporous microspheres (mHA) were incorporated into collagen scaffolds containing an ordered interconnected macroporosity. The mHA were obtained by spray drying of a nano hydroxyapatite slurry prepared by the precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the microspheres were composed only of hydroxyapatite (HA) phase, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed the Ca/P ratio to be 1.69 which is near the value for pure HA. The obtained microspheres had an average diameter of 6 μm, a specific surface area of 40 m(2)/g as measured by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analysis showed a mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter of 16 nm. Collagen/HA-microsphere (Col/mHA) composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying followed by dehydrothermal crosslinking. SEM observations of Col/mHA scaffolds revealed HA microspheres embedded within a porous collagen matrix with a pore size ranging from a few microns up to 200 μm, which was also confirmed by histological staining of sections of paraffin embedded scaffolds. The compressive modulus of the composite scaffold at low and high strain values was 1.7 and 2.8 times, respectively, that of pure collagen scaffolds. Cell proliferation measured by the MTT assay showed more than a 3-fold increase in cell number within the scaffolds after 15 days of culture for both pure collagen scaffolds and Col/mHA composite scaffolds. Attractive properties of this composite scaffold include the potential to load the microspheres for drug delivery and the controllability of the pore structure at various length scales.
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14
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Xiao W, Sonny Bal B, Rahaman MN. Preparation of resorbable carbonate-substituted hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres and their evaluation in osseous defects in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 60:324-332. [PMID: 26706537 PMCID: PMC4691531 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres, with a high-surface-area mesoporous shell, can provide a unique bioactive and osteoconductive carrier for proteins to stimulate bone regeneration. However, synthetic HA has a slow resorption rate and a limited ability to remodel into bone. In the present study, hollow HA microspheres with controllable amounts of carbonate substitution (0-12 wt.%) were created using a novel glass conversion route and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Hollow HA microspheres with ~12 wt.% of carbonate (designated CHA12) showed a higher surface area (236 m(2) g(-1)) than conventional hollow HA microspheres (179 m(2)g(-1)) and a faster degradation rate in a potassium acetate buffer solution. When implanted for 12 weeks in rat calvarial defects, the CHA12 and HA microspheres showed a limited capacity to regenerate bone but the CHA12 microspheres resorbed faster than the HA microspheres. Loading the microspheres with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) (1 μg per defect) stimulated bone regeneration and accelerated resorption of the CHA12 microspheres. At 12 weeks, the amount of new bone in the defects implanted with the CHA12 microspheres (73±8%) was significantly higher than the HA microspheres (59±2%) while the amount of residual CHA12 microspheres (7±2% of the total defect area) was significantly lower than the HA microspheres (21±3%). The combination of these carbonate-substituted HA microspheres with clinically safe doses of BMP2 could provide promising implants for healing non-loaded bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - B Sonny Bal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Mohamed N Rahaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States.
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15
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Ozhukil Kollath V, Van den Broeck F, Fehér K, Martins JC, Luyten J, Traina K, Mullens S, Cloots R. A Modular Approach To Study Protein Adsorption on Surface Modified Hydroxyapatite. Chemistry 2015; 21:10497-505. [PMID: 26096378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible inorganic nano- and microcarriers can be suitable candidates for protein delivery. This study demonstrates facile methods of functionalization by using nanoscale linker molecules to change the protein adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite (HA) powder. The adsorption capacity of bovine serum albumin as a model protein has been studied with respect to the surface modifications. The selected linker molecules (lysine, arginine, and phosphoserine) can influence the adsorption capacity by changing the electrostatic nature of the HA surface. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of linker-molecule interactions with the HA surface have been performed by using NMR spectroscopy, zeta-potential measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. Additionally, correlations to theoretical isotherm models have been calculated with respect to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Lysine and arginine increased the protein adsorption, whereas phosphoserine reduced the protein adsorption. The results show that the adsorption capacity can be controlled with different functionalization, depending on the protein-carrier selections under consideration. The scientific knowledge acquired from this study can be applied in various biotechnological applications that involve biomolecule-inorganic material interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayaraj Ozhukil Kollath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, B6a, Allée de la Chimie 3, Liège 4000 (Belgium).,Sustainable Materials Management, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400 (Belgium).,Present address: Department of Physics, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, 17033-360, Bauru, SP (Brazil)
| | - Freya Van den Broeck
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000 (Belgium)
| | - Krisztina Fehér
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000 (Belgium)
| | - José C Martins
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000 (Belgium)
| | - Jan Luyten
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee (Belgium)
| | - Karl Traina
- APTIS, University of Liège, B5a, Allée de la Chimie 3, Liège 4000 (Belgium).,Present address: Galephar MF, 6900 Marche en Famenne (Belgium)
| | - Steven Mullens
- Sustainable Materials Management, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400 (Belgium).
| | - Rudi Cloots
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, B6a, Allée de la Chimie 3, Liège 4000 (Belgium).
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16
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Xiong L, Zeng J, Yao A, Tu Q, Li J, Yan L, Tang Z. BMP2-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres exhibit enhanced osteoinduction and osteogenicity in large bone defects. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:517-26. [PMID: 25609957 PMCID: PMC4298340 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s74677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of large bone defects is an osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic process that often requires a bone graft for support. Limitations associated with naturally autogenic or allogenic bone grafts have demonstrated the need for synthetic substitutes. The present study investigates the feasibility of using novel hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres as an osteoconductive matrix and a carrier for controlled local delivery of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), a potent osteogenic inducer of bone regeneration. Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres (100±25 μm) with a core (60±18 μm) and a mesoporous shell (180±42 m2/g surface area) were prepared by a glass conversion technique and loaded with recombinant human BMP2 (1 μg/mg). There was a gentle burst release of BMP2 from microspheres into the surrounding phosphate-buffered saline in vitro within the initial 48 hours, and continued at a low rate for over 40 days. In comparison with hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres without BMP2 or soluble BMP2 without a carrier, BMP2-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres had a significantly enhanced capacity to reconstitute radial bone defects in rabbit, as shown by increased serum alkaline phosphatase; quick and complete new bone formation within 12 weeks; and great biomechanical flexural strength. These results indicate that BMP2-loaded hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres could be a potential new option for bone graft substitutes in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xiong
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zeng
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiquan Tu
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiujiang County, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtang Li
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Osteology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Tang
- Department of Osteology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Yao AH, Li XD, Xiong L, Zeng JH, Xu J, Wang DP. Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres/chitosan composite as a sustained delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2 in the treatment of bone defects. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:5336. [PMID: 25578692 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Composite scaffold comprised of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (designated hHA/CS) was prepared as a delivery vehicle for recombinating human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of rhBMP2 released from the composite scaffold were then investigated. The rhBMP-2 was firstly loaded into the hollow HA microspheres, and then the rhBMP2-loaded HA microspheres were further incorporated into the chitosan matrix. The chitosan not only served to bind the HA microspheres together and kept them at the implant site, but also effectively modified the release behavior of rhBMP-2. The in vitro release and bioactivity analysis confirmed that the rhBMP2 could be loaded and released from the composite scaffolds in bioactive form. In addition, the composite scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of rhBMP2, and thus providing prolonged period of time (as long as 60 days) compared with CS scaffolds. In vivo bone regenerative potential of the rhBMP2-loaded composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rabbit radius defect model. The results revealed that the rate of new bone formation in the rhBMP2-loaded hHA/CS group was higher than that in both negative control and rhBMP2-loaded CS group. These observations suggest that the hHA/CS composite scaffold would be effective and feasible as a delivery vehicle for growth factors in bone regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China,
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Xiao W, Fu H, Rahaman MN, Liu Y, Bal BS. Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres: a novel bioactive and osteoconductive carrier for controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8374-83. [PMID: 23747325 PMCID: PMC3732511 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of large bone defects is a common and significant clinical problem. Limitations associated with existing treatments such as autologous bone grafts and allografts have increased the need for synthetic bone graft substitutes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of novel hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres to serve as a carrier for controlled release of bone morphogenetic-2 (BMP2) in bone regeneration. Hollow HA microspheres (106-150 μm) with a high surface area (>100 m2 g(-1)) and a mesoporous shell wall (pore size 10-20 nm) were created using a glass conversion technique. The release of BMP2 from the microspheres into a medium composed of diluted fetal bovine serum in vitro was slow, but it occurred continuously for over 2 weeks. When implanted in rat calvarial defects for 3 or 6 weeks, the microspheres loaded with BMP2 (1 μg per defect) showed a significantly better capacity to regenerate bone than those without BMP2. The amount of new bone in the defects implanted with the BMP2-loaded microspheres was 40% and 43%, respectively, at 3 and 6 weeks, compared to 13% and 17%, respectively, for the microspheres without BMP2. Coating the BMP2-loaded microspheres with a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), reduced the amount of BMP2 released in vitro and, above a certain coating thickness, significantly reduced bone regeneration in vivo. The results indicate that these hollow HA microspheres could provide a bioactive and osteoconductive carrier for growth factors in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Hailuo Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Rahaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Yonxing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - B. Sonny Bal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri – Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
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Liu X, Rahaman MN, Liu Y, Bal BS, Bonewald LF. Enhanced bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects implanted with surface-modified and BMP-loaded bioactive glass (13-93) scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7506-17. [PMID: 23567939 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The repair of large bone defects, such as segmental defects in the long bones of the limbs, is a challenging clinical problem. Our recent work has shown the ability to create porous scaffolds of silicate 13-93 bioactive glass by robocasting which have compressive strengths comparable to human cortical bone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of those strong porous scaffolds with a grid-like microstructure (porosity=50%; filament width=330μm; pore width=300μm) to regenerate bone in a rat calvarial defect model. Six weeks post-implantation, the amount of new bone formed within the implants was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis. The amount of new bone formed in implants composed of the as-fabricated scaffolds was 32% of the available pore space (area). Pretreating the as-fabricated scaffolds in an aqueous phosphate solution for 1, 3 and 6days to convert a surface layer to hydroxyapatite prior to implantation enhanced new bone formation to 46%, 57% and 45%, respectively. New bone formation in scaffolds pretreated for 1, 3 and 6days and loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) (1μg per defect) was 65%, 61% and 64%, respectively. The results show that converting a surface layer of the glass to hydroxyapatite or loading the surface-treated scaffolds with BMP-2 can significantly improve the capacity of 13-93 bioactive glass scaffolds to regenerate bone in an osseous defect. Based on their mechanical properties evaluated previously and their capacity to regenerate bone found in this study, these 13-93 bioactive glass scaffolds, pretreated or loaded with BMP-2, are promising in structural bone repair.
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ZHAO K, QIAO B, ZHANG Y, WANG J. The roles of hydroxyapatite and FeOx in a Au/FeOx hydroxyapatite catalyst for CO oxidation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(12)60590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rajesh P, Mohan N, Yokogawa Y, Varma H. Pulsed laser deposition of hydroxyapatite on nanostructured titanium towards drug eluting implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2899-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fu H, Rahaman MN, Brown RF, Day DE. Evaluation of BSA protein release from hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres into PEG hydrogel. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2245-50. [PMID: 23498254 PMCID: PMC3603289 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Implants that simultaneously function as an osteoconductive matrix and as a device for local drug or growth factor delivery could provide an attractive system for bone regeneration. In our previous work, we prepared hollow hydroxyapatite (abbreviated HA) microspheres with a high surface area and mesoporous shell wall and studied the release of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), from the microspheres into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The present work is an extension of our previous work to study the release of BSA from similar HA microspheres into a biocompatible hydrogel, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). BSA-loaded HA microspheres were placed in a PEG solution which was rapidly gelled using ultraviolet radiation. The BSA release rate into the PEG hydrogel, measured using a spectrophotometric method, was slower than into PBS, and it was dependent on the initial BSA loading and on the microstructure of the microsphere shell wall. A total of 35-40% of the BSA initially loaded into the microspheres was released into PEG over ~14 days. The results indicate that these hollow HA microspheres have promising potential as an osteoconductive device for local drug or growth factor delivery in bone regeneration and in the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailuo Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Rahaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Roger F. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Delbert E. Day
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Bohner M, Tadier S, van Garderen N, de Gasparo A, Döbelin N, Baroud G. Synthesis of spherical calcium phosphate particles for dental and orthopedic applications. BIOMATTER 2013; 3:e25103. [PMID: 23719177 PMCID: PMC3749799 DOI: 10.4161/biom.25103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate materials have been used increasingly in the past 40 years as bone graft substitutes in the dental and orthopedic fields. Accordingly, numerous fabrication methods have been proposed and used. However, the controlled production of spherical calcium phosphate particles remains a challenge. Since such particles are essential for the synthesis of pastes and cements delivered into the host bone by minimally-invasive approaches, the aim of the present document is to review their synthesis and applications. For that purpose, production methods were classified according to the used reagents (solutions, slurries, pastes, powders), dispersion media (gas, liquid, solid), dispersion tools (nozzle, propeller, sieve, mold), particle diameters of the end product (from 10 nm to 10 mm), and calcium phosphate phases. Low-temperature calcium phosphates such as monetite, brushite or octacalcium phosphate, as well as high-temperature calcium phosphates, such as hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate or tetracalcium phosphate, were considered. More than a dozen production methods and over hundred scientific publications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gamal Baroud
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique; Département de Génie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
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Fu H, Rahaman MN, Brown RF, Day DE. Evaluation of bone regeneration in implants composed of hollow HA microspheres loaded with transforming growth factor β1 in a rat calvarial defect model. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5718-27. [PMID: 23168225 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Implants that serve simultaneously as an osteoconductive matrix and as a device for local growth factor delivery may be required for optimal bone regeneration in some applications. In the present study, hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres (106-150μm) in the form of three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds or individual (loose) microspheres were created using a glass conversion process. The capacity of the implants, with or without transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), to regenerate bone in a rat calvarial defect model was compared. The 3-D scaffolds supported the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteogenic MLO-A5 cells in vitro, showing their cytocompatibility. Release of TGF-β1 from the 3-D scaffolds into phosphate-buffered saline ceased after 2-3 days when ∼30% of the growth factor was released. Bone regeneration in the 3-D scaffolds and the individual microspheres increased with time from 6 to 12 weeks, but it was significantly higher (23%) in the individual microspheres than in the 3-D scaffolds (15%) after 12 weeks. Loading with TGF-β1 (5μg per defect) enhanced bone regeneration in the 3-D scaffolds and individual microspheres after 6 weeks, but had little effect after 12 weeks. 3-D scaffolds and individual microspheres with larger HA diameter (150-250μm) showed better ability to regenerate bone. Based on these results, implants composed of hollow HA microspheres show promising potential as an osteoconductive matrix for local growth factor delivery in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailuo Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Park JH, Pérez RA, Jin GZ, Choi SJ, Kim HW, Wall IB. Microcarriers designed for cell culture and tissue engineering of bone. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:172-90. [PMID: 23126371 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microspherical particulates have been an attractive form of biomaterials that find usefulness in cell delivery and tissue engineering. A variety of compositions, including bioactive ceramics, degradable polymers, and their composites, have been developed into a microsphere form and have demonstrated the potential to fill defective bone and to populate tissue cells on curved matrices. To enhance the capacity of cell delivery, the conventional solid form of spheres is engineered to have either a porous structure to hold cells or a thin shell to in-situ encapsulate cells within the structure. Microcarriers can also be a potential reservoir system of bioactive molecules that have therapeutic effects in regulating cell behaviors. Due to their specific form, advanced technologies to culture cell-loaded microcarriers are required, such as simple agitation or shaking, spinner flask, and rotating chamber system. Here, we review systematically, from material design to culture technology, the microspherical carriers used for the delivery of cells and tissue engineering, particularly of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Feng D, Shi J, Wang X, Zhang L, Cao S. Hollow hybrid hydroxyapatite microparticles with sustained and pH-responsive drug delivery properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Okada M, Furuzono T. Hydroxylapatite nanoparticles: fabrication methods and medical applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2012; 13:064103. [PMID: 27877527 PMCID: PMC5099760 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/13/6/064103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylapatite (or hydroxyapatite, HAp) exhibits excellent biocompatibility with various kinds of cells and tissues, making it an ideal candidate for tissue engineering, orthopedic and dental applications. Nanosized materials offer improved performances compared with conventional materials due to their large surface-to-volume ratios. This review summarizes existing knowledge and recent progress in fabrication methods of nanosized (or nanostructured) HAp particles, as well as their recent applications in medical and dental fields. In section 1, we provide a brief overview of HAp and nanoparticles. In section 2, fabrication methods of HAp nanoparticles are described based on the particle formation mechanisms. Recent applications of HAp nanoparticles are summarized in section 3. The future perspectives in this active research area are given in section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Furuzono
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, 930 Nishi-Mitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
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