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Väisänen A, Hoikkala N, Härkönen V, Moritz N, Vallittu PK. Biomechanical considerations of semi-anatomic glass fiber-reinforced (GFRC) composite implant for mandibular segmental defects: A technical note. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 156:106604. [PMID: 38810543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the selected biomechanical properties of semi-anatomic implant plate made of biostable glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) for mandibular reconstruction. Two versions of GFRC plates were tested in vitro loading conditions of a mandible segmental defect model, for determining the level of mechanical stress at the location of fixation screws, and in the body of the plate. METHODS GFRC of bidirectional S3-glass fiber weaves with dimethacrylate resin matrix were used to fabricate semi-anatomic reconstruction plates of two GFRC laminate thicknesses. Lateral surface of the plate followed the contour of the resected part of the bone, and the medial surface was concave allowing for placement of a microvascular bone flap in the next stages of the research. Plates were fixed with screws to a plastic model of the mandible with a large segmental defect in the premolar-molar region. The mandible-plate system was loaded from incisal and molar locations with loads of 10, 50, and 100 N and stress (microstrain, με) at the location of fixation screws and the body of the plate was measured by strain gauges. In total the test set-up had four areas for measuring the stress of the plate. RESULTS No signs of fractures or buckling failures of the plates were found during loading. Strain values at the region of the fixation screws were higher with thick plate, whereas thin plates demonstrated higher strain at the body of the plate. Vertical displacement of the mandible-plate system was proportional to the loading force and was higher with incisal than molar loading locations but no difference was found between thin and thick plates. CONCLUSION GFRC plates withstood the loading conditions up to 100 N even when loaded incisally. Thick plates concentrated the stress to the ramus mandibulae region of the fixation screws whereas the thin plates showed stress concentration in the angulus mandibulae region of the fixation and the plate itself. In general, thin plates caused a lower magnitude of stress to the fixation screw areas than thick plates, suggesting absorption of the loading energy to the body of the plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Väisänen
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Niko Hoikkala
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Härkönen
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Niko Moritz
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland; Wellbeing Services, County of South-West Finland, Turku, Finland
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Safwat EM, Khater AGA, Abd-Elsatar AG, Khater GA. Glass fiber-reinforced composites in dentistry. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2021; 45:190. [DOI: 10.1186/s42269-021-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Enormous improvements in dental materials’ manufacturing for the aim of producing durable dental materials without compromising the aesthetic properties were developed. One of the approaches that fulfill this aim is the use of reinforcing glass fibers as fillers into dental materials, typically resin polymers, in order to obtain glass fiber-reinforced composites. Glass fiber-reinforced composite offered many advantages to the dental materials though some limitations were recorded in many literature.
Methods
In this review, a study of the glass fibers’ types, factors affecting the properties and the properties of glass fibers reinforced materials was carried out; in addition, research papers that experimentally studied their applications in dentistry were presented.
Conclusion
The success of glass fibers reinforced composites in dentistry depends on glass fibers’ composition, orientation, distribution, amount, length and adhesion; these factors once employed according to the required clinical situation would provide the essential reinforcement to the dental restorations and appliances.
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Wang T, Matinlinna JP, Burrow MF, Ahmed KE. The biocompatibility of glass-fibre reinforced composites (GFRCs) - a systematic review. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 65:273-283. [PMID: 34421062 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) have received considerable attention, owing to their potential use in dental prostheses or bone fracture fixation applications. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and report the biological properties of FRCs reported in the existing literature.Study selections A systematic search of four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library) was performed to identify all relevant studies published between 1962 and 2019. The search was limited to laboratory-based studies published in English. Citation mining was also performed through cross-referencing of included studies and hand searching of relevant journals.Results A total of 1283 potentially relevant articles were initially identified, and thirty-three articles were full-text screened. In the final ten studies included for review, four investigated bacterial adhesion and growth abilities on FRCs, four investigated the fibroblastic cytotoxicity of different surface-treated FRCs, and two investigated the osseointegration between bone and FRCs. Owing to the heterogeneity of fiber types, FRC-coating, and lack of standardized testing protocols, a meta-analysis was not feasible. The included studies indicated that glass fibers, and in particular E-glass fibers, are superior to ceramics and other FRCs in terms of bacterial adherence, fibroblast cytotoxicity, and cell viability.Conclusions Glass-fiber-reinforced composites are cytocompatible materials that possess satisfactory biological properties and can be used in dental prosthesis and craniofacial implants. Further research is necessary to regulate the matrix ion release/degradation of FRCs to prolong the initially demonstrated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Francis Burrow
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Khaled Elsayed Ahmed
- Prosthodontics Discipline, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Wang T, Matinlinna JP, Burrow MF, Ahmed KE. The biocompatibility of glass-fibre reinforced composites (GFRCs) - a systematic review. J Prosthodont Res 2021. [PMID: 33612662 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d20_00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) have received considerable attention, owing to their potential use in dental prostheses or bone fracture fixation applications. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and report the biological properties of FRCs reported in the existing literature. STUDY SELECTIONS A systematic search of four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library) was performed to identify all relevant studies published between 1962 and 2019. The search was limited to laboratory-based studies published in English. Citation mining was also performed through cross-referencing of included studies and hand searching of relevant journals. RESULTS A total of 1283 potentially relevant articles were initially identified, and thirty-three articles were full-text screened. In the final ten studies included for review, four investigated bacterial adhesion and growth abilities on FRCs, four investigated the fibroblastic cytotoxicity of different surface-treated FRCs, and two investigated the osseointegration between bone and FRCs. Owing to the heterogeneity of fiber types, FRC-coating, and lack of standardized testing protocols, a meta-analysis was not feasible. The included studies indicated that glass fibers, and in particular E-glass fibers, are superior to ceramics and other FRCs in terms of bacterial adherence, fibroblast cytotoxicity, and cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Glass-fiber-reinforced composites are cytocompatible materials that possess satisfactory biological properties and can be used in dental prosthesis and craniofacial implants. Further research is necessary to regulate the matrix ion release/degradation of FRCs to prolong the initially demonstrated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael Francis Burrow
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Khaled Elsayed Ahmed
- Prosthodontics Discipline, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast
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Wang T, Matinlinna JP, He J, Ahmed KE, Burrow MF. Biomechanical and biological evaluations of novel BPA-free fibre-reinforced composites for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111309. [PMID: 32919670 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This aim was to assess the biomechanical and biocompatibility properties of novel glass fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) with a fluorinated urethane dimethacrylate (FUDMA) resin. Three ratios of FUDMA/TEGDMA (30/70 wt%, 50/50 wt%, 70/30 wt%) and two ratios of control FRCs with bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50/50 wt% and 70/30 wt%) containing long silanized E-glass fibres were prepared. Despite 70 wt% bis-GMA-FRC showed a significantly higher flexural strength (p < 0.05), 50 wt% FUDMA- and bis-GMA-FRCs were not differ from each other. The greatest surface hardness and weight increase after water storage were found in 70 wt% and 30 wt% FUDMA-FRCs, respectively. No significant difference was found in water sorption and solubility among all groups. Average surface roughness was 1.80 ± 0.05 μm, while 70 wt% FUDMA-FRC exhibited the greatest contact angle (p > 0.05). Viabilities and ALP activities of MC3TC-E1 cells in all FUDMA-FRCs were higher than bis-GMA-FRCs after 5 days. To conclude, the novel FUDMA-FRCs are potential substitutes that exhibited superior cytocompatibility properties but comparable biomechanical properties to bis-GMA-FRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Khaled E Ahmed
- Prosthodontics Discipline, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Kuusisto N, Huumonen S, Kotiaho A, Haapea M, Rekola J, Vallittu P. Intensity of artefacts in cone beam CT examinations caused by titanium and glass fibre-reinforced composite implants. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 48:20170471. [PMID: 30084258 PMCID: PMC6476382 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20170471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to compare titanium and glass fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) orbital floor implants using cone beam CT (CBCT). FRC implants are nonmetallic and these implants have not been analysed in CBCT images before. The purpose of this study is to compare the artefact formation of the titanium and the FRC orbital floor implants in CBCT images. METHODS: One commercially pure titanium and one S-glass FRC with bioactive glass particles implant were imaged with CBCT using the same imaging values (80 kV, 1 mA, FOV 60 × 60 mm). CBCT images were analysed in axial slices from three areas to determine the magnitude of the artefacts in the vicinity of the implants. Quantified results based on the gray values of images were analysed using analysis-of-variance. RESULTS: Compared to the reference the gray values of the titanium implant are more negative in every region of interest in all slices (p < 0.05) whereas the gray values of the FRC implant differ statistically significantly in less than half of the examined areas. CONCLUSIONS: The titanium implant caused artefacts in all of the analysed CBCT slices. Compared to the reference the gray values of the FRC implant changed only slightly and this feature enables to use wider imaging options postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jami Rekola
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre – TCBC, Institute of Dentistry and BioCity, University of Turku and City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
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Load-bearing capacity and fracture behavior of glass fiber-reinforced composite cranioplasty implants. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e356-e361. [PMID: 28862733 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glass fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) have been adapted for routine clinical use in various dental restorations and are presently also used in cranial implants. The aim of this study was to measure the load-bearing capacity and failure type of glass FRC implants during static loading with and without interconnective bars and with different fixation modes. METHODS Load-bearing capacities of 2 types of FRC implants with 4 different fixation modes were experimentally tested. The sandwich-like FRC implants were made of 2 sheets of woven FRC fabric, which consisted of silanized, woven E-glass fiber fabrics impregnated in BisGMA-TEGDMA monomer resin matrix. The space between the outer and inner surfaces was filled with glass particles. All FRC implants were tested up to a 10-mm deflection with load-bearing capacity determined at 6-mm deflection. The experimental groups were compared using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis with Steel-Dwass post hoc test. RESULTS FRC implants underwent elastic and plastic deformation until 6-mm deflection. The loading test did not demonstrate any protrusions of glass fibers or cut fiber even at 10-mm deflection. An elastic and plastic deformation of the implant occurred until the FRC sheets were separated from each other. In the cases of the free-standing setup (no fixation) and the fixation with 6 screws, the FRC implants with 2 interconnective bars showed a significantly higher load-bearing capacity compared with the implant without interconnective bars. CONCLUSIONS FRC implants used in this study showed a load-bearing capacity which may provide protection for the brain after cranial bone defect reconstruction.
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Khan AS, Azam MT, Khan M, Mian SA, Rehman IU. An update on glass fiber dental restorative composites: A systematic review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 47:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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