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Gu Y, Liu Y, Bühring J, Tian L, Koblenzer M, Schröder KU, Li F, Van Dessel J, Politis C, Jahr H, Sun Y. Biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of additively manufactured biodegradable porous WE43 scaffolds: An in vivo study in a canine model. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 164:213984. [PMID: 39153456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium is the most promising absorbable metallic implant material for bone regeneration and alloy WE43 is already FDA approved for cardiovascular applications. This study investigates the cyto- and biocompatibility of novel additively manufactured (AM) porous WE43 scaffolds as well as their osteogenic potential and degradation characteristics in an orthotopic canine bone defect model. The cytocompatibility was demonstrated using modified ISO 10993-conform extract-based indirect and direct assays, respectively. Additionally, degradation rates of WE43 scaffolds were quantified in vitro prior to absorption tests in vivo. Complete blood cell counts, blood biomarker analyses, blood trace element analyses as well as multi-organ histopathology demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of porous y WE43 scaffolds for bone defect repair. Micro-CT analyses further showed a relatively higher absorption rate during the initial four weeks upon implantation (i.e., 36 % ± 19 %) than between four and 12 weeks (41 % ± 14 %), respectively. Of note, the porous WE43 implants were surrounded by newly formed bony tissue as early as four weeks after implantation when unmineralized trabecular ingrowth was detected. After 12 weeks, a substantial amount of mineralized bone was detected inside and around the gradually disappearing implants. This first study on AM porous WE43 implants in canine bone defects demonstrates the potential of this alloy for in vivo applications in humans. Our data further underscore the need to control initial bulk absorption kinetics through surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Gu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215000 Suzhou, China; OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yiwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Craniofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, School of Stomatology, FMMU, 710000 Xi'an, China
| | - Jannik Bühring
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Craniofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, School of Stomatology, FMMU, 710000 Xi'an, China.
| | - Maximilian Koblenzer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Schröder
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Feng Li
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Dessel
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Constantinus Politis
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Holger Jahr
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yi Sun
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Blašković M, Butorac Prpić I, Blašković D, Rider P, Tomas M, Čandrlić S, Botond Hangyasi D, Čandrlić M, Perić Kačarević Ž. Guided Bone Regeneration Using a Novel Magnesium Membrane: A Literature Review and a Report of Two Cases in Humans. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:307. [PMID: 37367271 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a common procedure used to rebuild dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge that occur after extraction. In GBR, membranes are used to separate the bone defect from the underlying soft tissue. To overcome the shortcomings of commonly used membranes in GBR, a new resorbable magnesium membrane has been developed. A literature search was performed via MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed in February 2023 for research on magnesium barrier membranes. Of the 78 records reviewed, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. In addition, this paper reports two cases where GBR was performed using a magnesium membrane and magnesium fixation system with immediate and delayed implant placement. No adverse reactions to the biomaterials were detected, and the membrane was completely resorbed after healing. The resorbable fixation screws used in both cases held the membranes in place during bone formation and were completely resorbed. Therefore, the pure magnesium membrane and magnesium fixation screws were found to be excellent biomaterials for GBR, which supports the findings of the literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Blašković
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Krešimirova 40/42, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Dental Clinic Blašković, Linićeva ulica 16, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Butorac Prpić
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | | | - Matej Tomas
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Slavko Čandrlić
- Department of Interdisciplinary Areas, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - David Botond Hangyasi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64-66, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marija Čandrlić
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Perić Kačarević
- Botiss Biomaterials GmbH, 15806 Zossen, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embriology, Pathology Anatomy and Pathology Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
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Research status of biodegradable metals designed for oral and maxillofacial applications: A review. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4186-4208. [PMID: 33997502 PMCID: PMC8099919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral and maxillofacial regions have complex anatomical structures and different tissue types, which have vital health and aesthetic functions. Biodegradable metals (BMs) is a promising bioactive materials to treat oral and maxillofacial diseases. This review summarizes the research status and future research directions of BMs for oral and maxillofacial applications. Mg-based BMs and Zn-based BMs for bone fracture fixation systems, and guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes, are discussed in detail. Zn-based BMs with a moderate degradation rate and superior mechanical properties for GBR membranes show great potential for clinical translation. Fe-based BMs have a relatively low degradation rate and insoluble degradation products, which greatly limit their application and clinical translation. Furthermore, we proposed potential future research directions for BMs in the oral and maxillofacial regions, including 3D printed BM bone scaffolds, surface modification for BMs GBR membranes, and BMs containing hydrogels for cartilage regeneration, soft tissue regeneration, and nerve regeneration. Taken together, the progress made in the development of BMs in oral and maxillofacial regions has laid a foundation for further clinical translation.
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Zhang W, Li P, Shen G, Mo X, Zhou C, Alexander D, Rupp F, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Zhang H, Wan G. Appropriately adapted properties of hot-extruded Zn-0.5Cu-xFe alloys aimed for biodegradable guided bone regeneration membrane application. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:975-989. [PMID: 33102940 PMCID: PMC7560602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriately adapted comprehensive mechanical properties, degradation behavior and biocompatibility are prerequisites for the application of Zn-based biodegradable implants. In this study, hot-extruded Zn-0.5Cu-xFe (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt%) alloys were fabricated as candidates for biodegradable materials for guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes. The hot-extrusion process and Cu alloying were expected mostly to enhance the mechanical properties, and the Fe alloying was added mainly for regulating the degradation. The microstructure, mechanical properties and in vitro degradation behavior were systematically investigated. The ZnCuFe alloys were composed of a Zn matrix and FeZn13 phase. With increasing Fe content, a higher FeZn13 phase precipitation with larger particles was observed. Since elongation declined significantly until fracture with increasing Fe content up to 0.4 wt%, the ZnCuFe (0.2 wt%) alloy achieved a good balance between mechanical strength and ductility, with an ultimate tensile strength of 202.3 MPa and elongation at fracture of 41.2%. Moreover, the addition of Fe successfully accelerated the degradation of ZnCuFe alloys. The ZnCuFe (0.2 wt%) alloy showed relatively uniform corrosion in the long-term degradation test. Furthermore, extracts of the ZnCuFe (0.2 wt%) alloy showed no apparent cytotoxic effects against L929 fibroblasts, Saos-2 osteoblasts or TAg periosteal cells. The ZnCuFe (0.2 wt%) alloy exhibited the potential to inhibit bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus gordonii and mixed oral bacteria. Our study provides evidence that the ZnCuFe (0.2 wt%) alloy can represent a promising material for the application as a suitable GBR membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ping Li
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Gang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaoshan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Frank Rupp
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.,National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou, Shandong, 251100, China
| | - Guojiang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
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Wu J, Chen L, Wang R, Song Z, Shen Z, Zhao Y, Huang S, Lin Z. Exosomes Secreted by Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Promote Alveolar Bone Defect Repair through the Regulation of Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3561-3571. [PMID: 33405738 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Runfu Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zongshan Shen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Shuheng Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
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Biocompatibility and osteogenic activity of guided bone regeneration membrane based on chitosan-coated magnesium alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:226-235. [PMID: 30948056 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ideally, a guided bone regeneration membrane (GBRM) should possess high strength, as for titanium membranes, along with excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, as for natural absorbable collagen membranes. Besides titanium, magnesium (Mg) is another metal widely used in the biomedical field, which also exhibits biodegradability. In this study, a composite chitosan‑magnesium (CS-Mg) membrane was fabricated by dip-coating Mg alloy into chitosan solution. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed to investigate whether this membrane could be used as biodegradable GBRM, and the test results were compared with those obtained for a commercial GBRM (Heal-All). The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersive spectroscopy. The degradation behavior was investigated by immersing the membranes into Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM). The in vitro biocompatibility was evaluated by cell adhesion, cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays using MG63 cells. The cytotoxicity and ALP assays were performed with diluted extracts of Mg, CS-Mg and Heal-All. The results show that CS-Mg has a suitable degradation rate, as well as similar cell adhesion and cytocompatibility to Heal-All. However, the 10% CS-Mg extracts exhibited higher ALP activity at 3 and 5 days (p < 0.05) compared with the medium control and the Heal-All extracts, but no differences with 10% Mg extracts (p > 0.05). Rabbit calvarial defects were used for testing the osteogenic activity in vivo. Three groups of samples were examined: CS-Mg, Heal-All, and a blank control. Higher amounts of new bone were formed for the CS-Mg and Heal-All groups (p < 0.05) compared with the blank control, whereas no significant differences between the CS-Mg and Heal-All groups were observed (p > 0.1). In conclusion, the CS-Mg membrane shows great potential for application as a biodegradable metallic GBRM with excellent osteogenic activity.
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Zhu DY, Lu B, Yin JH, Ke QF, Xu H, Zhang CQ, Guo YP, Gao YS. Gadolinium-doped bioglass scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMSC via the Akt/GSK3β pathway and facilitate bone repair in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1085-1100. [PMID: 30804672 PMCID: PMC6375113 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomaterial-induced osteogenesis is mainly related to hierarchically porous structures and bioactive components. Rare earth elements are well known to promote osteogenesis and stimulate bone repair; however, the underlying biological effects of gadolinium (Gd) element on bone regeneration are not yet known. METHODS In this study, we successfully fabricated gadolinium-doped bioglass (Gd-BG) scaffolds by combining hollow mesoporous Gd-BG microspheres with chitosan and evaluated in vitro effects and underlying mechanisms with Cell Counting Kit-8, scanning electron microscopy, alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin red staining, and polymerase chain reaction. Cranial defect model of rats was constructed to evaluate their in vivo effects. RESULTS The results indicated that Gd-BG scaffolds could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Mechanistically, the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway was activated by the Gd-BG scaffolds. The enhancing effect of Gd-BG scaffolds on the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was inhibited by the addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt. Moreover, the in vivo cranial defect model of rats indicated that the Gd-BG scaffolds could effectively promote bone regeneration. CONCLUSION Both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that Gd-BG scaffolds have promising applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Bin Lu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Jun-Hui Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Qin-Fei Ke
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - He Xu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Ya-Ping Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Lan C, Xiang X, He X, Pan Y, Sun D, Li J. Evaluating the Bone Regeneration of nHAp/PPC Membrane in Rabbit Calvarial Defect. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling (School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University)
| | - Xingchen Xiang
- Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Xi He
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Yongsheng Pan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Duo Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
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Bian D, Deng J, Li N, Chu X, Liu Y, Li W, Cai H, Xiu P, Zhang Y, Guan Z, Zheng Y, Kou Y, Jiang B, Chen R. In Vitro and in Vivo Studies on Biomedical Magnesium Low-Alloying with Elements Gadolinium and Zinc for Orthopedic Implant Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:4394-4408. [PMID: 29310434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ternary magnesium alloys with low combined addition of elements gadolinium and zinc were developed in the present work, with their microstructures, mechanical properties, in vitro degradation behaviors, and cytotoxicity being systematically studied. Furthermore, the Mg-1.8Zn-0.2Gd alloy, with the best in vitro performance, was implanted into Sprague Dawley rats to examine its in vivo degradation performance for up to 6 months. It was found that Mg-1.8Zn-0.2Gd, composed of a single α-Mg phase, owned excellent strength and toughness that were comparable to the CE marked MAGNEZIX, the mischmetal added Mg alloy. Owing to the uniform single-phased microstructure, the degradation rate of this alloy was around 0.12 mm/y measured by electrochemical testing, which was comparable to high purity magnesium. Moreover, the Mg-1.8Zn-0.2Gd alloy exhibited no cytotoxicity to L929, MG63, and VSMC cells. In vivo degradation characterized by micro-computed tomography revealed that the Mg-1.8Zn-0.2Gd implant could maintain structural integrity in the first 2 months, and serious degradation could be observed after 6 months. A remarkable 100% survival rate of experimental animals was observed with no negative effects on bone tissues. The implant and the surrounding bone were well integrated within 2 months, implying good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of the experimental alloy. On the basis of the above findings, the feasibility of Mg-Zn-Gd alloys for use as orthopedic implants was systematically discussed. This study provides a new strategy for development of high-performance Mg-rare earth (RE)-based alloys with superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance while effectively avoiding the possible standing toxic effect of RE elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Bian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | | | - Nan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Guangzhou 510010, China
| | | | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | | | | | - Rongshi Chen
- The Group of Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016, China
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Naujokat H, Gülses A, Wiltfang J, Açil Y. Effects of degradable osteosynthesis plates of MgYREZr alloy on cell function of human osteoblasts, fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:126. [PMID: 28711997 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the biocompatibility of osteosynthesis plates of the MgYREZr/WE43 alloy by using human cells in vitro. Eluates of degradable magnesium osteosynthesis plates as well as halved plates were used for incubation with human osteoblasts, fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells. The cell viability was evaluated by using FDA/PI-Staining and LDH analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT, WST-Test and BrdU-ELISA. Scanning electron microscope was used for investigation of the cell adhesion. The number of devitalized cells in all treatment groups did not significantly deviate from the control group. According to MTT results, the number of metabolically active cells was not significantly affected by the addition of the eluates. The number of metabolically active cells was reduced by 24 to 38% compared to the control on incubation in direct contact with the osteosynthesis plates. The proliferation of the cells was inhibited by the addition of the eluates. While the eluate of the half-hour elution has only a very small effect, the 24 h eluate significantly inhibits proliferation by 23-25% compared to the control. The roughened surface of the magnesium osteosynthesis plate after incubation showed adherent cells. However, some areas of the plates were also free of adherent cells. WE43 based magnesium alloys showed favorable biocompatibility considering the viability of the cells evaluated; however, proliferation rates were reduced in a time dependent manner, especially in fibroblast group. This might be a potential clinical benefit of magnesium osteosynthesis plates and their superiority to titanium, thus the fibroblastic ingrowth might negatively influence the bone-plate contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Naujokat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aydin Gülses
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
- Public Hospital Association, Ministry of Health of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Jörg Wiltfang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yahya Açil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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