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Karafiludis S, Buzanich AG, Heinekamp C, Zimathies A, Smales GJ, Hodoroaba VD, Ten Elshof JE, Emmerling F, Stawski TM. Template-free synthesis of mesoporous and amorphous transition metal phosphate materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3952-3966. [PMID: 36723216 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present how mesoporosity can be engineered in transition metal phosphate (TMPs) materials in a template-free manner. The method involves the transformation of a precursor metal phosphate phase, called M-struvite (NH4MPO4·6H2O, M = Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, NixCo1-x2+). It relies on the thermal decomposition of crystalline M-struvite precursors to an amorphous and simultaneously mesoporous phase, which forms during degassing of NH3 and H2O. The temporal evolution of mesoporous frameworks and the response of the metal coordination environment were followed by in situ and ex situ scattering and diffraction, as well as X-ray spectroscopy. Despite sharing the same precursor struvite structure, different amorphous and mesoporous structures were obtained depending on the involved transition metal. We highlight the systematic differences in absolute surface area, pore shape, pore size, and phase transitions depending on the metal cation present in the analogous M-struvites. The amorphous structures of thermally decomposed Mg-, Ni- and NixCo1-x-struvites exhibit high surface areas and pore volumes (240 m2 g-1 and 0.32 cm-3 g-1 for Mg and 90 m2 g-1 and 0.13 cm-3 g-1 for Ni). We propose that the low-cost, environmentally friendly M-struvites could be obtained as recycling products from industrial and agricultural wastewaters. These waste products could be then upcycled into mesoporous TMPs through a simple thermal treatment for further application, for instance in (electro)catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanos Karafiludis
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Guilherme Buzanich
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Heinekamp
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Zimathies
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Glen J Smales
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johan E Ten Elshof
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz M Stawski
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
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Qin T, Ma M, Qin W, Xiao X, Zhang P, Nikolajeff F, Engqvist H. Rapid precipitation of Mg-doped fluoride-based submicron spheres and evolution study. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Qin T, Zhang P, Wani IH, Han Y, Leifer K, Nikolajeff F, Engqvist H. A general strategy for template-free and low-cost synthesis of inorganic hollow spheres. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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