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Dos Santos Jorge Sousa K, de Souza A, de Almeida Cruz M, de Lima LE, do Espirito Santo G, Amaral GO, Granito RN, Renno AC. 3D printed scaffolds of biosilica and spongin from marine sponges: analysis of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for bone tissue repair. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03042-z. [PMID: 38869621 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Biosilica (BS) and spongin (SPG) from marine sponges are highlighted for their potential to promote bone regeneration. Moreover, 3D printing is introduced as a technology for producing bone grafts with optimized porous structures, allowing for better cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the BS and BS/SPG 3D printed scaffolds and to evaluate the biological effects in vitro. The scaffolds were printed using an ink containing 4 wt.% of sodium alginate. The physicochemical characteristics of BS and BS/SPG 3D printed scaffolds were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, porosity, evaluation of mass loss, and pH measurement. For in vitro analysis, the cellular viability of the MC3T3-E1 cell lineage was assessed using the AlamarBlue® assay and confocal microscopy, while genotoxicity and mineralization potential were evaluated through the micronucleus assay and Alizarin Red S, respectively. SEM analysis revealed spicules in BS, the fibrillar structure of SPG, and material degradation over the immersion period. FTIR indicated peaks corresponding to silicon oxide in BS samples and carbon oxide and amine in SPG samples. BS-SPG scaffolds exhibited higher porosity, while BS scaffolds displayed greater mass loss. pH measurements indicated a significant decrease induced by BS, which was mitigated by SPG over the experimental periods. In vitro studies demonstrated the biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity of scaffold extracts. .Also, the scaffolds promoted cellular differentiation. The micronucleus test further confirmed the absence of genotoxicity. These findings suggest that 3D printed BS and BS/SPG scaffolds may possess desirable morphological and physicochemical properties, indicating in vitro biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyne Dos Santos Jorge Sousa
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Almeida Cruz
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Lindiane Eloisa de Lima
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Giovanna do Espirito Santo
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Oliva Amaral
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Renata Neves Granito
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
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Dos Santos Jorge Sousa K, de Souza A, de Lima LE, Erbereli R, de Araújo Silva J, de Almeida Cruz M, Martignago CCS, Ribeiro DA, Barcellos GRM, Granito RN, Renno ACM. Flounder fish (Paralichthys sp.) collagen a new tissue regeneration: genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and physical-chemistry characterization. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02884-3. [PMID: 37199771 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Collagen dressings have been widely used as effective treatments for chronic wounds acting as barrier, protecting the area from infections and participating in the healing process. Collagen from fish skin is biocompatible, presents low immunogenicity and is able of stimulating wound healing. In this scenario, skin of flounder fish (Paralichthys sp.) may constitute a promising source for collagen. Then, our hypothesis is that fish collagen is able of increasing cell proliferation, with no cytotoxicity. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical and morphological properties of collagen using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), mass loss and pH. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of collagen were studied using in vitro studies (cell viability, comet assay and micronucleus assay). Fish collagen showed no variation of pH and mass weight, with characteristic peaks of collagen in FTIR. Furthermore, all the extracts presented cell viability at least over 50% and no cytotoxicity was observed. Regarding genotoxicity data, the results showed that only the extract of 100% showed higher values in comparison with negative control group for CHO-K1 cell line as depicted by comet and micronucleus assays. Based on the results, it is suggested that fish collagen is biocompatible and present non-cytotoxicity in the in vitro studies, being considered a suitable material for tissue engineering proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyne Dos Santos Jorge Sousa
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Lindiane Eloisa de Lima
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Rogério Erbereli
- Department of Mechanic Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 400 Trabalhador São-Carlense Avenue, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Jonas de Araújo Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Almeida Cruz
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Cintia Cristina Santi Martignago
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcellos
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Renata Neves Granito
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Lab 342, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP, 11015020, Brazil
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Dos Santos Jorge Sousa K, Parisi JR, de Souza A, Cruz MDA, Erbereli R, de Araújo Silva J, do Espirito Santo G, do Amaral GO, Martignago CCS, Fortulan CA, Granito RN, Renno ACM. 3D Printed Scaffolds Manufactured with Biosilica from Marine Sponges for Bone Healing in a Cranial Defect in Rats. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:259-271. [PMID: 36892731 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The inorganic part of marine sponges, called Biosilica (BS), presents an osteogenic potential and the ability of consolidating fractures. Moreover, 3D printing technique is highly effective for manufacturing scaffolds for tissue engineering proposals. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize the 3D rinted scaffolds, to evaluate the biological effects in vitro and to investigate the in vivo response using an experimental model of cranial defects in rats. The physicochemical characteristics of 3D printed BS scaffolds were analyzed by FTIR, EDS, calcium assay, evaluation of mass loss and pH measurement. For in vitro analysis, the MC3T3-E1 and L929 cells viability was evaluated. For the in vivo evaluation, histopathology, morphometrical and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed in a cranial defect in rats. After the incubation, the 3D printed BS scaffolds presented lower values in pH and mass loss over time. Furthermore, the calcium assay showed an increased Ca uptake. The FTIR analysis indicated the characteristic peaks for materials with silica and the EDS analysis demonstrated the main presence of silica. Moreover, 3D printed BS demonstrated an increase in MC3T3-E1 and L929 cell viability in all periods analyzed. In addition, the histological analysis demonstrated no inflammation in days 15 and 45 post-surgery, and regions of newly formed bone were also observed. The immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated increased Runx-2 and OPG immunostaining. Those findings support that 3D printed BS scaffolds may improve the process of bone repair in a critical bone defect as a result of stimulation of the newly formed bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyne Dos Santos Jorge Sousa
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 136 Silva Jardim Street, 11015020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Risso Parisi
- Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), 8 Francisco Glycerio Avenue, 11045002, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 136 Silva Jardim Street, 11015020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Almeida Cruz
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 136 Silva Jardim Street, 11015020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Erbereli
- Department of Mechanic Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 400 Trabalhador São-Carlense Avenue, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas de Araújo Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 136 Silva Jardim Street, 11015020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna do Espirito Santo
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 136 Silva Jardim Street, 11015020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Oliva do Amaral
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 136 Silva Jardim Street, 11015020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Fortulan
- Department of Mechanic Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 400 Trabalhador São-Carlense Avenue, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Neves Granito
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 136 Silva Jardim Street, 11015020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 136 Silva Jardim Street, 11015020, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Potential Biomedical Applications of Collagen Filaments derived from the Marine Demosponges Ircinia oros (Schmidt, 1864) and Sarcotragus foetidus (Schmidt, 1862). Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100563. [PMID: 34677462 PMCID: PMC8540060 DOI: 10.3390/md19100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen filaments derived from the two marine demosponges Ircinia oros and Sarcotragus foetidus were for the first time isolated, biochemically characterised and tested for their potential use in regenerative medicine. SDS-PAGE of isolated filaments revealed a main collagen subunit band of 130 kDa in both of the samples under study. DSC analysis on 2D membranes produced with collagenous sponge filaments showed higher thermal stability than commercial mammalian-derived collagen membranes. Dynamic mechanical and thermal analysis attested that the membranes obtained from filaments of S. foetidus were more resistant and stable at the rising temperature, compared to the ones derived from filaments of I. oros. Moreover, the former has higher stability in saline and in collagenase solutions and evident antioxidant activity. Conversely, their water binding capacity results were lower than that of membranes obtained from I. oros. Adhesion and proliferation tests using L929 fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in a remarkable biocompatibility of both developed membrane models, and gene expression analysis showed an evident up-regulation of ECM-related genes. Finally, membranes from I. oros significantly increased type I collagen gene expression and its release in the culture medium. The findings here reported strongly suggest the biotechnological potential of these collagenous structures of poriferan origin as scaffolds for wound healing.
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Parisi JR, Fernandes KR, de Almeida Cruz M, Avanzi IR, de França Santana A, do Vale GCA, de Andrade ALM, de Góes CP, Fortulan CA, de Sousa Trichês E, Granito RN, Rennó ACM. Evaluation of the In Vivo Biological Effects of Marine Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Composite in a Tibial Bone Defect Model in Rats. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:357-366. [PMID: 32335738 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising strategies to improve the biological performance of bone grafts is the combination of different biomaterials. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of marine spongin (SPG) into Hydroxyapatite (HA) for bone tissue engineering proposals. The hypothesis of the current study is that SPG into HA would improve the biocompatibility of material and would have a positive stimulus into bone formation. Thus, HA and HA/SPG materials were produced and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to characterize the samples. Also, in order to evaluate the in vivo tissue response, samples were implanted into a tibial bone defect in rats. Histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical analyses were performed after 2 and 6 weeks of implantation to investigate the effects of the material on bone repair. The histological analysis demonstrated that composite presented an accelerated material degradation and enhanced newly bone formation. Additionally, histomorphometry analysis showed higher values of %BV/TV and N.Ob/T.Ar for HA/SPG. Runx-2 immunolabeling was higher for the composite group and no difference was found for VEGF. Moreover, the biomechanical analysis demonstrated similar values for all groups. These results indicated the potential of SPG to be used as an additive to HA to improve the biological performance for bone regeneration applications. However, further long-term studies should be carried out to provide additional information regarding the material degradation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Risso Parisi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luís, km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Rossetti Fernandes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luís, km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Regina Avanzi
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan de França Santana
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Laura Martins de Andrade
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luís, km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Pereira de Góes
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Fortulan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliandra de Sousa Trichês
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Neves Granito
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
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