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Zizzi A, Berri IM, Berri A, Occhipinti M, Escelsior A, Guglielmo R, Pereira Da Silva B, Amore M, Serafini G. Psychological dimensions in alcohol use disorder: comparing active drinkers and abstinent patients. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1420508. [PMID: 38993382 PMCID: PMC11236675 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1420508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health concern due to its various physical, psychological, and social consequences. Despite regulatory differences, abstinence remains the primary treatment objective. Addressing the multifaceted nature of alcohol use disorder requires a comprehensive approach. Methods 150 AUD patients (66%male) with a mean age of 54.10 ± 11.3 years were recruited for the study. Depression, impulsivity, alexithymia, and hopelessness were assessed to determine if there were significant differences in these dimensions between abstinent (N=72) and active drinkers (N=78). Results The study found significant differences in the psychological dimensions scores, active drinkers exhibited higher levels of depression, impulsivity, alexithymia, and hopelessness compared to abstinent patients. Conclusion Treatment outcomes for patients with AUD vary between regulatory agencies, but abstinence remains the safest and most preferred objective in managing AUD. Prioritizing abstinence-oriented interventions is crucial for achieving long term recovery and minimizing relapse risk. These results emphasize the intricate relationship between AUD and mental health issues, highlighting the need for comprehensive interventions addressing both alcohol consumption and associated psychological distress. Promoting abstinence (or at least reducing alcohol consumption) not only preserves mental health but also prevents life-threatening consequences such as suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Zizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Escelsior
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- San Martino Hospital (IRCCS), Genova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Guglielmo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- San Martino Hospital (IRCCS), Genova, Italy
| | - Beatriz Pereira Da Silva
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- San Martino Hospital (IRCCS), Genova, Italy
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Knapp KS, Bradizza CM, Zhao J, Linn BK, Wilding GE, LaBarre C, Stasiewicz PR. Emotion differentiation among individuals in a randomized clinical trial for alcohol use disorder: Within- and between-person associations with affect, craving, and alcohol use in daily life. Behav Res Ther 2024; 173:104474. [PMID: 38237447 PMCID: PMC10947467 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Emotion differentiation refers to cognitively distinguishing among discrete, same-valenced emotions. Negative emotion differentiation (NED) is a transdiagnostic indicator of emotional functioning. The role of positive emotion differentiation (PED) in clinical disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD), is less understood. Further, despite consensus that emotions are highly variable, little is known about within-person fluctuations in NED/PED. The current study leveraged 84 consecutive daily smartphone surveys from participants (N = 181) in a clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for AUD to investigate whether between-person differences in overall NED/PED, or within-person variability in daily NED/PED, were associated with affect intensity, craving, drinking, and heavy drinking in daily life. Subsequent analyses explored whether associations were moderated by baseline alexithymia. At the between-persons level, greater average PED, but not NED, was associated with lower heavy drinking odds. At the within-persons level, higher-than-usual PED was associated with lower negative affect and odds of any drinking. Individuals with baseline alexithymia had stronger negative within-person associations between daily NED and both any and heavy drinking. PED is a skill linked to less alcohol use between- and within-persons irrespective of baseline alexithymia, whereas greater daily NED appears especially important for reduced alcohol use among individuals with co-morbid AUD and alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler S Knapp
- School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, United States.
| | - Clara M Bradizza
- School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, United States
| | - Junru Zhao
- School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, United States
| | - Braden K Linn
- School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, United States
| | - Gregory E Wilding
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, United States
| | - Charles LaBarre
- School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, United States
| | - Paul R Stasiewicz
- School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, United States
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