1
|
Delfino D, Prandi B, Calcinai L, Ridolo E, Dellafiora L, Pedroni L, Nicoletta F, Cavazzini D, Tedeschi T, Folli C. Molecular Characterization of the Allergenic Arginine Kinase from the Edible Insect Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly). Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300911. [PMID: 38629315 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Arginine kinase (AK) is an important enzyme for energy metabolism of invertebrate cells by participating in the maintenance of constant levels of ATP. However, AK is also recognized as a major allergen in insects and crustaceans capable of cross-reactivity with sera of patients sensitized to orthologous proteins. In the perspective of introducing insects or their derivatives in the human diet in Western world, it is of primary importance to evaluate possible risks for allergic consumers. METHODS AND RESULTS This work reports the identification and characterization of AK from Hermetia illucens commonly known as the black soldier fly, a promising insect for human consumption. To evaluate allergenicity of AK from H. illucens, putative linear and conformational epitopes are identified by bioinformatics analyses, and Dot-Blot assays are carried out by using sera of patients allergic to shrimp or mites to validate the cross-reactivity. Gastrointestinal digestion reduces significantly the linear epitopes resulting in lower allergenicity, while the secondary structure is altered at increasing temperatures supporting the possible loss or reduction of conformational epitopes. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the possible allergenicity of AK should be taken in consideration when dealing with novel foods containing H. illucens or its derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danila Delfino
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Luisa Calcinai
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Erminia Ridolo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pedroni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Francesca Nicoletta
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Davide Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Tullia Tedeschi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Claudia Folli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Estêvão J, Osorio H, Costas B, Cruz A, Fernández-Boo S. Search for new biomarkers of tolerance to Perkinsus olseni parasite infection in Ruditapes decussatus clams. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108566. [PMID: 36736640 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The grooved carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus) is a clam species with high economic and social importance in several European and Mediterranean countries. Production of this species suffered a decline caused by biotic (parasite infection) and abiotic factors (environmental factors, stress, poor management methods and intensive culture of the introduced species Ruditapes philippinarum). The protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni is also responsible for the decline of production, being nowadays one of the major issues for clam culture. Molecular biomarkers that might represent tolerance of R. decussatus to P. olseni have already been uncovered, shedding light in a possible production improvement by selecting those clams with a strongest immune response. In the present study, new tolerance biomarkers to P. olseni infection in R. decussatus were identified. The haemolymph proteomic profiles of naturally non/low-infected (tolerant) and highly-infected (susceptible) clams by the parasite across several heavy affected areas of Europe were characterized through a shotgun proteomics approach. Also, the mechanisms that might be involved in the responses against the disease in chronic infections were explored. Proteins related to energy restoration and balance, metabolic regulation, energy accumulation, ROS production, lysosomal activity, amino acid synthesis, proteolytic activity, iron regulation, iron withholding, and immune response modulation were significantly regulated in susceptible clams. In the tolerant group, proteins related to phagocytosis regulation, control of cell growth and proliferation, gonadal maturation, regulation of apoptosis, growth modulation, response to oxidative stress, iron regulation, shell development and metabolic regulation were significantly expressed. In summary, the protein expression profile of tolerant individuals suggests that an efficient pathogen elimination mechanism coupled to a better metabolic regulation leads to a tolerance to the parasite infection by limiting the spread through the tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Estêvão
- Animal Health and Aquaculture (A2S), CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osorio
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Animal Health and Aquaculture (A2S), CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Cruz
- Oceano Fresco S.A, Porto de Abrigo, 2450-075, Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Sergio Fernández-Boo
- Animal Health and Aquaculture (A2S), CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Arginine Kinase from the Tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus Is an Efficient Biocatalyst. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) is a reversible enzyme that regulates invertebrates’ phosphagen arginine phosphate levels. AK also elicits an immune response in humans, and it is a major food allergen in crustacea and may be a target for novel antiparasitic drugs. Although AK has been primarily described in the shrimp, it is also present in other invertebrates, such as the brown tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Rs), the vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Here we report the enzymatic activity and the crystal structure of AK from Rhipicephalus sanguineus (RsAK) in an open conformation without substrate or ligands and a theoretical structure of RsAK modeled bound with the substrate/product (Arg-ADP) in a closed conformation. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics confirmed that RsAK is an efficient biocatalyst due to its high kcat/Km parameter. The recombinant enzyme was expressed in bacteria and purified to a 20 mg/L culture yield. AK is an essential enzyme in invertebrates. Future work will be focused on the RsAK enzymatic inhibition that may lead to novel strategies to control this pest, a burden to animal and human health.
Collapse
|
4
|
Brassea-Estardante HA, Martínez-Cruz O, Cárdenas-López JL, García-Orozco KD, Ochoa-Leyva A, López-Zavala AA. Identification of arginine kinase as an allergen of brown crab, Callinectes bellicosus, and in silico analysis of IgE-binding epitopes. Mol Immunol 2022; 143:147-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
5
|
Kim DS, Jang K, Kim WS, Ryu M, Park JH, Kim YJ. Crystal Structure of H227A Mutant of Arginine Kinase in Daphnia magna Suggests the Importance of Its Stability. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030884. [PMID: 35164149 PMCID: PMC8839106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) plays a crucial role in the survival of Daphnia magna, a water flea and a common planktonic invertebrate sensitive to water pollution, owing to the production of bioenergy. AK from D. magna (DmAK) has four highly conserved histidine residues, namely, H90, H227, H284, and H315 in the amino acid sequence. In contrast to DmAK WT (wild type), the enzyme activity of the H227A mutant decreases by 18%. To identify the structure-function relationship of this H227A mutant enzyme, the crystal 3D X-ray structure has been determined and an unfolding assay using anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence has been undertaken. The results revealed that when compared to the DmAK WT, the hydrogen bonding between H227 and A135 was broken in the H227A crystal structure. This suggests that H227 residue, closed to the arginine binding site, plays an important role in maintaining the structural stability and maximizing the enzyme activity through hydrogen bonding with the backbone oxygen of A135.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (D.S.K.); (W.S.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Kiyoung Jang
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Wan Seo Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (D.S.K.); (W.S.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Moonhee Ryu
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (D.S.K.); (W.S.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Jung Hee Park
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (D.S.K.); (W.S.K.); (M.R.)
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.P.); (Y.J.K.)
| | - Yong Ju Kim
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.P.); (Y.J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Novel Glutathione S-Transferase Gtt2 Class (VpGSTT2) Is Found in the Genome of the AHPND/EMS Vibrio parahaemolyticus Shrimp Pathogen. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090664. [PMID: 34564668 PMCID: PMC8472993 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are a family of detoxifying enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with different xenobiotic compounds using either Ser, Tyr, or Cys as a primary catalytic residue. We identified a novel GST in the genome of the shrimp pathogen V. parahaemolyticus FIM- S1708+, a bacterial strain associated with Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)/Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) in cultured shrimp. This new GST class was named Gtt2. It has an atypical catalytic mechanism in which a water molecule instead of Ser, Tyr, or Cys activates the sulfhydryl group of GSH. The biochemical properties of Gtt2 from Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpGSTT2) were characterized using kinetic and crystallographic methods. Recombinant VpGSTT2 was enzymatically active using GSH and CDNB as substrates, with a specific activity of 5.7 units/mg. Low affinity for substrates was demonstrated using both Michaelis–Menten kinetics and isothermal titration calorimetry. The crystal structure showed a canonical two-domain structure comprising a glutathione binding G-domain and a hydrophobic ligand H domain. A water molecule was hydrogen-bonded to residues Thr9 and Ser 11, as reported for the yeast Gtt2, suggesting a primary role in the reaction. Molecular docking showed that GSH could bind at the G-site in the vicinity of Ser11. G-site mutationsT9A and S11A were analyzed. S11A retained 30% activity, while T9A/S11A showed no detectable activity. VpGSTT2 was the first bacterial Gtt2 characterized, in which residues Ser11 and Thr9 coordinated a water molecule as part of a catalytic mechanism that was characteristic of yeast GTT2. The GTT2 family has been shown to provide protection against metal toxicity; in some cases, excess heavy metals appear in shrimp ponds presenting AHPND/EMS. Further studies may address whether GTT2 in V. parahaemolyticus pathogenic strains may provide a competitive advantage as a novel detoxification mechanism.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rao Z, Kim SY, Li X, Kim DS, Kim YJ, Park JH. Insight into Structural Aspects of Histidine 284 of Daphnia magna Arginine Kinase. Mol Cells 2020; 43:784-792. [PMID: 32863281 PMCID: PMC7528679 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK), a bioenergy-related enzyme, is distributed widely in invertebrates. The role of highly conserved histidines in AKs is still unascertained. In this study, the highly conserved histidine 284 (H284) in AK of Daphnia magna (DmAK) was replaced with alanine to elucidate the role of H284. We examined the alteration of catalytic activity and structural changes of H284A in DmAK. The catalytic activity of H284A was reduced dramatically compared to that in wild type (WT). Thus the crystal structure of H284A displayed several structural changes, including the alteration of D324, a hydrogen-bonding network around H284, and the disruption of π-stacking between the imidazole group of the H284 residue and the adenine ring of ATP. These findings suggest that such alterations might affect a conformational change of the specific loop consisting of G310-V322 at the antiparallel β-sheet region. Thus, we speculated that the H284 residue might play an important role in the conformational change of the specific loop when ATP binds to the substrate-binding site of DmAK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Rao
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - So Young Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Da Som Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Yong Ju Kim
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Park
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petkowski JJ, Bains W, Seager S. Natural Products Containing 'Rare' Organophosphorus Functional Groups. Molecules 2019; 24:E866. [PMID: 30823503 PMCID: PMC6429109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorous-containing molecules are essential constituents of all living cells. While the phosphate functional group is very common in small molecule natural products, nucleic acids, and as chemical modification in protein and peptides, phosphorous can form P⁻N (phosphoramidate), P⁻S (phosphorothioate), and P⁻C (e.g., phosphonate and phosphinate) linkages. While rare, these moieties play critical roles in many processes and in all forms of life. In this review we thoroughly categorize P⁻N, P⁻S, and P⁻C natural organophosphorus compounds. Information on biological source, biological activity, and biosynthesis is included, if known. This review also summarizes the role of phosphorylation on unusual amino acids in proteins (N- and S-phosphorylation) and reviews the natural phosphorothioate (P⁻S) and phosphoramidate (P⁻N) modifications of DNA and nucleotides with an emphasis on their role in the metabolism of the cell. We challenge the commonly held notion that nonphosphate organophosphorus functional groups are an oddity of biochemistry, with no central role in the metabolism of the cell. We postulate that the extent of utilization of some phosphorus groups by life, especially those containing P⁻N bonds, is likely severely underestimated and has been largely overlooked, mainly due to the technological limitations in their detection and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janusz J Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - William Bains
- Rufus Scientific, 37 The Moor, Melbourn, Royston, Herts SG8 6ED, UK.
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crystal structure determination of Scylla paramamosain arginine kinase, an allergen that may cause cross-reactivity among invertebrates. Food Chem 2019; 271:597-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
10
|
Seafood allergy: A comprehensive review of fish and shellfish allergens. Mol Immunol 2018; 100:28-57. [PMID: 29858102 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Seafood refers to several distinct groups of edible aquatic animals including fish, crustacean, and mollusc. The two invertebrate groups of crustacean and mollusc are, for culinary reasons, often combined as shellfish but belong to two very different phyla. The evolutionary and taxonomic diversity of the various consumed seafood species poses a challenge in the identification and characterisation of the major and minor allergens critical for reliable diagnostics and therapeutic treatments. Many allergenic proteins are very different between these groups; however, some pan-allergens, including parvalbumin, tropomyosin and arginine kinase, seem to induce immunological and clinical cross-reactivity. This extensive review details the advances in the bio-molecular characterisation of 20 allergenic proteins within the three distinct seafood groups; fish, crustacean and molluscs. Furthermore, the structural and biochemical properties of the major allergens are described to highlight the immunological and subsequent clinical cross-reactivities. A comprehensive list of purified and recombinant allergens is provided, and the applications of component-resolved diagnostics and current therapeutic developments are discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fu L, Wang J, Ni S, Wang C, Wang Y. Identification of Allergenic Epitopes and Critical Amino Acids of Major Allergens in Chinese Shrimp ( Penaeus chinensis) by Immunoinformatics Coupled with Competitive-Binding Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2944-2953. [PMID: 29481756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chinese shrimp ( Penaeus chinensis) is widely cultured and consumed in Asia but is also a major food allergen locally. Although they may be the foundation for preventing and treating allergies, the allergenic epitopes of the major allergens tropomyosin (TM) and arginine kinase (AK) in Penaeus chinensis have not been identified. Here, we applied Immunoinfo-CB (immunoinformatics coupled with competitive-binding strategy) to address the point. Potential allergenic epitopes of TM and AK were predicted by multiple immunoinformatics tools, followed by validating with inhibitory dot-blot assay, indirect competition ELISA, and mast cell degranulation assay. Furthermore, critical amino acids in allergenic epitopes were also identified by Immunoinfo-CB. Our findings provide new insight into allergenic epitopes and critical amino acids of TM and AK responsible for the anaphylactic response. The Immunoinfo-CB therefore offers promises for characterization of IgE-binding epitopes that might be used as new targets for immunotherapy of food allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linglin Fu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
- Zhejiang Engineering Institute of Food Quality and Safety , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Jinbao Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Saiqiao Ni
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Chong Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
- Zhejiang Engineering Institute of Food Quality and Safety , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sakthivel S, Habeeb SKM, Raman C. Screening of broad spectrum natural pesticides against conserved target arginine kinase in cotton pests by molecular modeling. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:1022-1042. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1447514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seethalakshmi Sakthivel
- Entomoinformatics Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu 603203, India
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - S. K. M. Habeeb
- Entomoinformatics Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu 603203, India
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Chandrasekar Raman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laino A, Lopez-Zavala AA, Garcia-Orozco KD, Carrasco-Miranda JS, Santana M, Stojanoff V, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Garcia CF. Biochemical and structural characterization of a novel arginine kinase from the spider Polybetes pythagoricus. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3787. [PMID: 28924503 PMCID: PMC5598448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy buffering systems are key for homeostasis during variations in energy supply. Spiders are the most important predators for insects and therefore key in terrestrial ecosystems. From biomedical interest, spiders are important for their venoms and as a source of potent allergens, such as arginine kinase (AK, EC 2.7.3.3). AK is an enzyme crucial for energy metabolism, keeping the pool of phosphagens in invertebrates, and also an allergen for humans. In this work, we studied AK from the Argentininan spider Polybetes pythagoricus (PpAK), from its complementary DNA to the crystal structure. The PpAK cDNA from muscle was cloned, and it is comprised of 1068 nucleotides that encode a 384-amino acids protein, similar to other invertebrate AKs. The apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetic constant (Km) was 1.7 mM with a kcat of 75 s−1. Two crystal structures are presented, the apoPvAK and PpAK bound to arginine, both in the open conformation with the active site lid (residues 310–320) completely disordered. The guanidino group binding site in the apo structure appears to be organized to accept the arginine substrate. Finally, these results contribute to knowledge of mechanistic details of the function of arginine kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldana Laino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Dr. Prof. Rodolfo R. Brenner", Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alonso A Lopez-Zavala
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Karina D Garcia-Orozco
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jesus S Carrasco-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Marianela Santana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Dr. Prof. Rodolfo R. Brenner", Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vivian Stojanoff
- Photon Science Directorate, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Rogerio R Sotelo-Mundo
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Carlos Fernando Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Dr. Prof. Rodolfo R. Brenner", Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang S, Jia Z, Chen H, Wang L, Song L. The modulation of haemolymph arginine kinase on the extracellular ATP induced bactericidal immune responses in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:282-293. [PMID: 27033465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase is an important phosphagen kinase (PK) which plays an essential role in ATP buffering systems in invertebrates. In the present study, an arginine kinase (designated CgAK) was isolated by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affinity chromatography from the haemolymph of Crassostrea gigas. CgAK could directly bind to LPS in a concentration-dependent manner with the dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.46 × 10(-6) M. The interaction with LPS significantly decreased the ATP hydrolytic activity of CgAK, which in turn lead to the accumulation of ATP in vitro. The extracellular ATP stimulation could induce Ca(2+) influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the release of lysosomal enzyme in the cellular immune response. In addition, ATP stimulation provoked the bactericidal activity towards Escherichia coli, and the scavenging ROS with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) abrogated the bactericidal activity, indicating that ATP stimulation could induce ROS-dependent antimicrobial activity in haemocytes. Collectively, the results demonstrated that the haemolymph CgAK could serve as an important purinergic regulator to modulate extracellular ATP, which might further have an important effect on the purinergic signaling-activated innate immune response of oyster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lopez-Zavala AA, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Hernandez-Flores JM, Lugo-Sanchez ME, Sugich-Miranda R, Garcia-Orozco KD. Arginine kinase shows nucleoside diphosphate kinase-like activity toward deoxythymidine diphosphate. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:301-8. [PMID: 27072556 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) (ATP: L-arginine phosphotransferase, E.C. 2.7.3.3) catalyzes the reversible transfer of ATP γ-phosphate group to L-arginine to synthetize phospho-arginine as a high-energy storage. Previous studies suggest additional roles for AK in cellular processes. Since AK is found only in invertebrates and it is homologous to creatine kinase from vertebrates, the objective of this work was to demonstrate nucleoside diphosphate kinase-like activity for shrimp AK. For this, AK from marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (LvAK) was purified and its activity was assayed for phosphorylation of TDP using ATP as phosphate donor. Moreover, by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) the phosphate transfer reaction was followed. Also, LvAK tryptophan fluorescence emission changes were detected by dTDP titration, suggesting that the hydrophobic environment of Trp 221, which is located in the top of the active site, is perturbed upon dTDP binding. The kinetic constants for both substrates Arg and dTDP were calculated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Besides, docking calculations suggested that dTDP could bind LvAK in the same cavity where ATP bind, and LvAK basic residues (Arg124, 126 and 309) stabilize the dTDP phosphate groups and the pyrimidine base interact with His284 and Ser122. These results suggest that LvAK bind and phosphorylate dTDP being ATP the phosphate donor, thus describing a novel alternate nucleoside diphosphate kinase-like activity for this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alonso A Lopez-Zavala
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Calle Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, México
| | - Rogerio R Sotelo-Mundo
- Biomolecular Structure Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Jose M Hernandez-Flores
- Biomolecular Structure Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Maria E Lugo-Sanchez
- Biomolecular Structure Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Rocio Sugich-Miranda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Calle Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, México
| | - Karina D Garcia-Orozco
- Biomolecular Structure Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chouno K, Yano D, Uda K, Fujita T, Iwasaki N, Suzuki T. Arginine kinases from the marine feather star Tropiometra afra macrodiscus: The first finding of a prenylation signal sequence in metazoan phosphagen kinases. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 187:55-61. [PMID: 25964010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two arginine kinase cDNAs (AK1 and AK2) were isolated from the marine feather star Tropiometra afra macrodiscus, and the gene structure (exon/intron organization) of AK1 was determined. The cDNA-derived amino acid sequences and the exon/intron organization of the Tropiometra AK1 gene were homologous to those of a human creatine kinase (CK) as well as the AK of the sea cucumber Stichopus. Phylogenetic analysis also supports the close relationship between human CKs and echinoderm AKs, indicating that the latter AKs evolved from an ancestral CK gene. We observed that the Tropiometra AK1 gene has a novel C-terminal extension (approximately 50 amino acid residues) encoded by a unique exon. Moreover, a typical prenylation signal sequence (CSLL) was found at the C-terminal end of this extension, suggesting that AK1 is anchored to a membrane. AK2 had no such C-terminal extension. This is the first finding of a prenylation signal in metazoan phosphagen kinases. Recombinant Tropiometra AK1 and AK2 enzymes were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and their kinetic constants were determined. Both enzymes showed activity comparable to that of typical invertebrate AKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaai Chouno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Daichi Yano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Kouji Uda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujita
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | - Nozomu Iwasaki
- Faculty of Geo-environment Science, Rissho University, Magechi 1700, Kumagaya 360-0194, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Inhibitory Effects of Cu(2+) on Exopalaemon carinicauda Arginine Kinase via Inhibition Kinetics and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1217-36. [PMID: 25935224 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the Cu(2+)-mediated inhibition and aggregation of Exopalaemon carinicauda arginine kinase (ECAK). We found that Cu(2+) significantly inactivated ECAK activity and double-reciprocal kinetics demonstrated that Cu(2+) induced noncompetitive inhibition of arginine and ATP (IC50 = 2.27 ± 0.16 μM; K i for arginine = 13.53 ± 3.76; K i for ATP = 4.02 ± 0.56). Spectrofluorometry results showed that Cu(2+) induced ECAK tertiary structural changes including the exposure of hydrophobic surfaces that directly induced ECAK aggregation. The addition of osmolytes such as glycine and proline successfully blocked ECAK aggregation induced by Cu(2+) and recovered ECAK activity. We built a 3D structure for ECAK using the ECAK ORF gene sequence. Molecular dynamics (MD) and docking simulations between ECAK and Cu(2+) were conducted to elucidate the binding mechanisms. The results showed that Cu(2+) blocked the entrance to the ATP active site; these results are consistent with the experimental result that Cu(2+) induced ECAK inactivation. Since arginine kinase (AK) plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism in invertebrates, our study can provide new information about the effect of Cu(2+) on ECAK enzymatic function and unfolding, including aggregation, and the protective effects of osmolytes on ECAK folding to better understand the role of the invertebrate ECAK metabolic enzyme in marine environments.
Collapse
|
18
|
Merceron R, Awama AM, Montserret R, Marcillat O, Gouet P. The substrate-free and -bound crystal structures of the duplicated taurocyamine kinase from the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12951-63. [PMID: 25837252 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The taurocyamine kinase from the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni (SmTK) belongs to the phosphagen kinase (PK) family and catalyzes the reversible Mg(2+)-dependent transfer of a phosphoryl group between ATP and taurocyamine. SmTK is derived from gene duplication, as are all known trematode TKs. Our crystallographic study of SmTK reveals the first atomic structure of both a TK and a PK with a bilobal structure. The two unliganded lobes present a canonical open conformation and interact via their respective C- and N-terminal domains at a helix-mediated interface. This spatial arrangement differs from that observed in true dimeric PKs, in which both N-terminal domains make contact. Our structures of SmTK complexed with taurocyamine or l-arginine compounds explain the mechanism by which an arginine residue of the phosphagen specificity loop is crucial for substrate specificity. An SmTK crystal was soaked with the dead end transition state analog (TSA) components taurocyamine-NO3 (2-)-MgADP. One SmTK monomer was observed with two bound TSAs and an asymmetric conformation, with the first lobe semiclosed and the second closed. However, isothermal titration calorimetry and enzyme kinetics experiments showed that the two lobes function independently. A small angle x-ray scattering model of SmTK-TSA in solution with two closed active sites was generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Merceron
- From the Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, BMSSI-IBCP, UMR 5086 CNRS Université Lyon 1, 7, Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France and
| | - Ayman M Awama
- the Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaire et Supramoléculaire, UMR 5246 CNRS Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Roland Montserret
- From the Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, BMSSI-IBCP, UMR 5086 CNRS Université Lyon 1, 7, Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France and
| | - Olivier Marcillat
- the Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaire et Supramoléculaire, UMR 5246 CNRS Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patrice Gouet
- From the Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, BMSSI-IBCP, UMR 5086 CNRS Université Lyon 1, 7, Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Z, Qiao Z, Ye S, Zhang R. Structure of a double-domain phosphagen kinase reveals an asymmetric arrangement of the tandem domains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:779-89. [PMID: 25849389 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tandem duplications and fusions of single genes have led to magnificent expansions in the divergence of protein structures and functions over evolutionary timescales. One of the possible results is polydomain enzymes with interdomain cooperativities, few examples of which have been structurally characterized at the full-length level to explore their innate synergistic mechanisms. This work reports the crystal structures of a double-domain phosphagen kinase in both apo and ligand-bound states, revealing a novel asymmetric L-shaped arrangement of the two domains. Unexpectedly, the interdomain connections are not based on a flexible hinge linker but on a rigid secondary-structure element: a long α-helix that tethers the tandem domains in relatively fixed positions. Besides the connective helix, the two domains also contact each other directly and form an interdomain interface in which hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions further stabilize the L-shaped domain arrangement. Molecular-dynamics simulations show that the interface is generally stable, suggesting that the asymmetric domain arrangement crystallographically observed in the present study is not a conformational state simply restrained by crystal-packing forces. It is possible that the asymmetrically arranged tandem domains could provide a structural basis for further studies of the interdomain synergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Ye
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The effect of Zn2+ on Exopalaemon carinicauda arginine kinase: Computational simulations including unfolding kinetics. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
21
|
Venter G, Polling S, Pluk H, Venselaar H, Wijers M, Willemse M, Fransen JAM, Wieringa B. Submembranous recruitment of creatine kinase B supports formation of dynamic actin-based protrusions of macrophages and relies on its C-terminal flexible loop. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 94:114-27. [PMID: 25538032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular partitioning of creatine kinase contributes to the formation of patterns in intracellular ATP distribution and the fuelling of cellular processes with a high and sudden energy demand. We have previously shown that brain-type creatine kinase (CK-B) accumulates at the phagocytic cup in macrophages where it is involved in the compartmentalized generation of ATP for actin remodeling. Here, we report that CK-B catalytic activity also helps in the formation of protrusive ruffle structures which are actin-dependent and abundant on the surface of both unstimulated and LPS-activated macrophages. Recruitment of CK-B to these structures occurred transiently and inhibition of the enzyme's catalytic activity with cyclocreatine led to a general smoothening of surface morphology as visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Comparison of the dynamics of distribution of YFP-tagged CK-mutants and isoforms by live imaging revealed that amino acid residues in the C-terminal segment (aa positions 323-330) that forms one of the protein's two mobile loops are involved in partitioning over inner regions of the cytosol and nearby sites where membrane protrusions occur during induction of phagocytic cup formation. Although wt CK-B, muscle-type CK (CK-M), and a catalytically dead CK-B-E232Q mutant with intact loop region were normally recruited from the cytosolic pool, no dynamic transition to the phagocytic cup area was seen for the CK-homologue arginine kinase and a CK-B-D326A mutant protein. Bioinformatics analysis helped us to predict that conformational flexibility of the C-terminal loop, independent of conformational changes induced by substrate binding or catalytic activity, is likely involved in exposing the enzyme for binding at or near the sites of membrane protrusion formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Venter
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Polling
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helma Pluk
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mietske Wijers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Willemse
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A M Fransen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Si YX, Song JJ, Fang NY, Wang W, Wang ZJ, Yang JM, Qian GY, Yin SJ, Park YD. Purification, characterization, and unfolding studies of arginine kinase from Antarctic krill. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:426-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|