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Fozo EM. Too Much or Not Enough: The Role of mprF in Regulating Overall Phospholipid Content. mBio 2023; 14:e0352722. [PMID: 37022184 PMCID: PMC10127575 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03527-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their fundamental role in defining cells, lipids and the contributions of specific lipid classes in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis have not been highlighted well. Enterococcus faecalis, a commensal bacterial and major hospital-acquired bacterium, synthesizes only a few known phospholipids. One of these variants, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, is critical for surviving cationic antimicrobial peptides, but its consequence on overall membrane composition and cellular properties has not been thoroughly examined. A recent study by Rashid et al. examines how loss of this lipid class results in an overall shift in total lipid composition and the consequential impacts on the global transcriptome, cellular growth, and secretion. They demonstrate the plasticity of the enterococcal lipidome to reprogram itself to allow for optimal function. With the significant improvements in multiple technological areas, this study, and others like it, provide a template for deciphering the critical function of lipids in all aspects of bacterial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Fozo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, USA
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2
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Separation and analysis of Bacillus subtilis respiratory chain complexes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2022; 54:251-271. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-022-09951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Inactivation of Nitrite-Dependent Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis Is Responsible for Overlapped Antibiotic Resistance between Naturally and Artificially Evolved Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mSystems 2021; 6:e0073221. [PMID: 34546070 PMCID: PMC8547483 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00732-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa could lead to new strategies to combat bacterial infection. The present study used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics to investigate global metabolism in naturally and artificially evolved strains with cefoperazone-sulbactam (SCF) resistance (AP-RCLIN-EVO and AP-RLAB-EVO, respectively) from the same parent strain (AP-RCLIN). Inactivation of the pyruvate cycle and nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis was identified as characteristic features of SCF resistance in both evolved strains. Nitrite-dependent NO biosynthesis instead of an arginine-dependent NO pathway is responsible for the reduced NO, which is attributed to lower nitrite and electrons from the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ provided by the pyruvate cycle. Exogenous fumarate, NADH, nitrate, and nitrite promoted the NO level and thereby potentiated SCF-mediated killing. Unexpectedly, fumarate caused the elevation of nitrite, while nitrite/nitrate resulted in the increase of Cyt bc1 complex (providing electrons). These interesting findings indicate that the nitrite-dependent NO biosynthesis and the pyruvate cycle are mutual to promote NO metabolism. In addition, the NO-potentiated sensitivity to SCF was validated by NO donor sodium nitroprusside. These results reveal an endogenous NO-mediated SCF resistance and develop its reversion by metabolites in P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a real concern among hospital-acquired infections, especially in cystic fibrosis patients and immunocompromised individuals. Control of the pathogen is challenging due to antibiotic resistance. Since bacterial metabolic state impacts sensitivity and resistance to antibiotics, exploring and disclosing bacterial metabolic mechanisms can be used to develop a metabolome-reprogramming approach to elevate bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics. Therefore, GC-MS-based metabolomics is used to explore the similarities and differences of metabolomes between naturally and artificially evolved cefoperazone-sulbactam (SCF)-resistant P. aeruginosa (AP-RCLIN-EVO and AP-RLAB-EVO, respectively) from the same parent strain (AP-RCLIN). It identifies the depressed nitrite-dependent nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis as the most overlapping characteristic feature between AP-RCLIN-EVO and AP-RLAB-EVO. This is because the pyruvate cycle fluctuates, thereby generating fewer NADH and providing fewer electrons for nitrite-dependent NO biosynthesis than the control. Interestingly, exogenous fumarate, NADH, nitrate, and nitrite as well as NO donor sodium nitroprusside promote NO generation to elevate sensitivity to SCF. These results highlight the way to understand metabolic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and explore metabolic modulation to combat the bacterial pathogen.
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Del Campo A, Perez G, Castro PF, Parra V, Verdejo HE. Mitochondrial function, dynamics and quality control in the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166208. [PMID: 34214606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization for the adult population and a major cause of mortality worldwide. The HF syndrome is characterized by the heart's inability to supply the cardiac output required to meet the body's metabolic requirements or only at the expense of elevated filling pressures. HF without overt impairment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was initially labeled as "diastolic HF" until recognizing the coexistence of both systolic and diastolic abnormalities in most cases. Acknowledging these findings, the preferred nomenclature is HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). This syndrome primarily affects the elderly population and is associated with a heterogeneous overlapping of comorbidities that makes its diagnosis challenging. Despite extensive research, there is still no evidence-based therapy for HFpEF, reinforcing the need for a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology underlying its onset and progression. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in developing the pathophysiological changes that accompany HFpEF onset and progression (low-grade systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial remodeling) has just begun to be acknowledged. This review summarizes our current understanding of the participation of the mitochondrial network in the pathogenesis of HFpEF, with particular emphasis on the signaling pathways involved, which may provide future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Perez
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for the Study of High-lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile.
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile.
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Woodall BM, Harp JR, Brewer WT, Tague ED, Campagna SR, Fozo EM. Enterococcus faecalis Readily Adapts Membrane Phospholipid Composition to Environmental and Genetic Perturbation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:616045. [PMID: 34093456 PMCID: PMC8177052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.616045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial lipid membrane, consisting both of fatty acid (acyl) tails and polar head groups, responds to changing conditions through alteration of either the acyl tails and/or head groups. This plasticity is critical for cell survival as it allows maintenance of both the protective nature of the membrane as well as functioning membrane protein complexes. Bacteria that live in fatty-acid rich environments, such as those found in the human host, can exploit host fatty acids to synthesize their own membranes, in turn, altering their physiology. Enterococcus faecalis is such an organism: it is a commensal of the mammalian intestine where it is exposed to fatty-acid rich bile, as well as a major cause of hospital infections during which it is exposed to fatty acid containing-serum. Within, we employed an untargeted approach to detect the most common phospholipid species of E. faecalis OG1RF via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). We examined not only how the composition responds upon exposure to host fatty acids but also how deletion of genes predicted to synthesize major polar head groups impact lipid composition. Regardless of genetic background and differing basal lipid composition, all strains were able to alter their lipid composition upon exposure to individual host fatty acids. Specific gene deletion strains, however, had altered survival to membrane damaging agents. Combined, the enterococcal lipidome is highly resilient in response to both genetic and environmental perturbation, likely contributing to stress survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M. Woodall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - John R. Harp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - William T. Brewer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Eric D. Tague
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Fozo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Hederstedt L. Molecular Biology of Bacillus subtilis Cytochromes anno 2020. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:8-21. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Fischer S, Krause T, Lederer F, Merroun ML, Shevchenko A, Hübner R, Firkala T, Stumpf T, Jordan N, Jain R. Bacillus safensis JG-B5T affects the fate of selenium by extracellular production of colloidally less stable selenium nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121146. [PMID: 31771888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of microorganisms on the mobility of selenium (Se) is important for predicting the fate of toxic Se in the environment and improving wastewater treatment technologies. The bacteria strain Bacillus safensis JG-B5T, isolated from soil in a uranium mining waste pile, can influence the Se speciation in the environment and engineered systems. However, the mechanism and conditions of this process remain unknown. This study found that the B. safensis JG-B5T is an obligate aerobic microorganism with an ability to reduce 70% of 2.5 mM selenite to produce red spherical biogenic elemental selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs). Only extracellular production of BioSeNPs was observed using transmission electron microscopy. The two-chamber reactor experiments, genome analysis and corona proteins identified on BioSeNPs suggested that the selenite reduction process was primarily mediated through membrane-associated proteins, like succinate dehydrogenase. Extracellular presence and low colloidal stability of BioSeNPs as indicated by ζ-potential measurements, render B. safensis JG-B5T an attractive candidate in wastewater treatment as it provides easy way of recovering Se while maintaining low Se discharge. As this microorganism decreases Se mobility, it will affect Se bioavailability in the environment and decreases its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e. V., Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Krause
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Microbiology, Chair of Molecular Biotechnology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Lederer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e. V., Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohamed L Merroun
- University of Granada, Department of Microbiology, Campus Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Anna Shevchenko
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e. V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tamas Firkala
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e. V., Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e. V., Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Jordan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e. V., Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rohan Jain
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e. V., Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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Hernández-Acevedo GN, López-Portales OH, Gutiérrez-Reyna DY, Cuevas-Fernández E, Kempis-Calanis LA, Labastida-Conde RG, Aguilar-Luviano OB, Ramírez-Pliego O, Spicuglia S, Lino-Alfaro B, Chagolla-López A, González-de la Vara LE, Santana MA. Protein complexes associated with β-catenin differentially influence the differentiation profile of neonatal and adult CD8 + T cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18639-18652. [PMID: 30924167 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is a master cell regulator involved in CD8+ T cell proliferation and differentiation. In human CD8+ T cells, this pathway induces differentiation into memory cells or a "stem cell memory like" population, which is preferentially present in cord blood. To better understand the role of canonical Wnt signals in neonatal or adult blood, we compared the proteins associated with β-catenin, in nonstimulated and Wnt3a-stimulated human neonatal and adult naive CD8+ T cells. Differentially recruited proteins established different complexes in adult and neonatal cells. In the former, β-catenin-associated proteins were linked to cell signaling and immunological functions, whereas those of neonates were linked to proliferation and metabolism. Wnt3a stimulation led to the recruitment and overexpression of Wnt11 in adult cells and Wnt5a in neonatal cells, suggesting a differential connexion with planar polarity and Wnt/Ca2+ noncanonical pathways, respectively. The chromatin immunoprecipitation polymerase chain reaction β-catenin was recruited to a higher level on the promoters of cell renewal genes in neonatal cells and of differentiation genes in those of adults. We found a preferential association of β-catenin with CBP in neonatal cells and with p300 in the adult samples, which could be involved in a higher self-renewal capacity of the neonatal cells and memory commitment in those of adults. Altogether, our results show that different proteins associated with β-catenin during Wnt3a activation mediate a differential response of neonatal and adult human CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson N Hernández-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Oscar H López-Portales
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Darely Y Gutiérrez-Reyna
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Erick Cuevas-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Linda A Kempis-Calanis
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosario G Labastida-Conde
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Oscar B Aguilar-Luviano
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Oscar Ramírez-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Bárbara Lino-Alfaro
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Alicia Chagolla-López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | | | - María Angélica Santana
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Diverse molecular resistance mechanisms of Bacillus megaterium during metal removal present in a spent catalyst. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cell surface engineering of Bacillus subtilis improves production yields of heterologously expressed α-amylases. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:56. [PMID: 28376879 PMCID: PMC5379735 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus subtilis is widely used as a cell factory for numerous heterologous proteins of commercial value and medical interest. To explore the possibility of further enhancing the secretion potential of this model bacterium, a library of engineered strains with modified cell surface components was constructed, and the corresponding influences on protein secretion were investigated by analyzing the secretion of α-amylase variants with either low-, neutral- or high- isoelectric points (pI). Results Relative to the wild-type strain, the presence of overall anionic membrane phospholipids (phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin) increased dramatically in the PssA-, ClsA- and double KO mutants, which resulted in an up to 47% higher secretion of α-amylase. Additionally, we demonstrated that the appropriate net charge of secreted targets (AmyTS-23, AmyBs and AmyBm) was beneficial for secretion efficiency as well. Conclusions In B. subtilis, the characteristics of cell membrane phospholipid bilayer and the pIs of heterologous α-amylases appear to be important for their secretion efficiency. These two factors can be engineered to reduce the electrostatic interaction between each other during the secretion process, which finally leads to a better secretion yield of α-amylases.
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