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Long M, Cheng M. Small extracellular vesicles associated miRNA in myocardial fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 727:150336. [PMID: 38959731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis involves the loss of cardiomyocytes, myocardial fibroblast proliferation, and a reduction in angiogenesis, ultimately leading to heart failure, Given its significant implications, it is crucial to explore novel therapies for myocardial fibrosis. Recently one emerging avenue has been the use of small extracellular vesicles (sEV)-carried miRNA. In this review, we summarize the regulatory role of sEV-carried miRNA in myocardial fibrosis. We explored not only the potential diagnostic value of circulating miRNA as biomarkers for heart disease but also the therapeutic implications of sEV-carried miRNA derived from various cellular sources and applications of modified sEV. This exploration is paramount for researchers striving to develop innovative, cell-free therapies as potential drug candidates for the management of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Long
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Papareddy P, Tapken I, Kroh K, Varma Bhongir RK, Rahman M, Baumgarten M, Cim EI, Györffy L, Smeds E, Neumann A, Veerla S, Olinder J, Thorlacus H, Ryden C, Bartakova E, Holub M, Herwald H. The role of extracellular vesicle fusion with target cells in triggering systemic inflammation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1150. [PMID: 38326335 PMCID: PMC10850166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules from donor to recipient cells. As a result, EV fusion leads to the modulation of cellular functions and has an impact on both physiological and pathological processes in the recipient cell. This study explores the impact of EV fusion on cellular responses to inflammatory signaling. Our findings reveal that fusion renders non-responsive cells susceptible to inflammatory signaling, as evidenced by increased NF-κB activation and the release of inflammatory mediators. Syntaxin-binding protein 1 is essential for the merge and activation of intracellular signaling. Subsequent analysis show that EVs transfer their functionally active receptors to target cells, making them prone to an otherwise unresponsive state. EVs in complex with their agonist, require no further stimulation of the target cells to trigger mobilization of NF-κB. While receptor antagonists were unable to inhibit NF-κB activation, blocking of the fusion between EVs and their target cells with heparin mitigated inflammation in mice challenged with EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Papareddy
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ines Tapken
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- SMATHERIA gGmbH - Non-Profit Biomedical Research Institute, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Keshia Kroh
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Milladur Rahman
- Section of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Baumgarten
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eda Irem Cim
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lilla Györffy
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Smeds
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ariane Neumann
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Srinivas Veerla
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jon Olinder
- Division of Infection Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital and Department of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Thorlacus
- Section of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Ryden
- Division of Infection Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital and Department of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Bartakova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holub
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Heiko Herwald
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Li Q, Feng Q, Zhou H, Lin C, Sun X, Ma C, Sun L, Guo G, Wang D. Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e454. [PMID: 38124785 PMCID: PMC10732331 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly impacts global society since it is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have been extensively investigated. EV delivery is involved in mediating the progression of CVDs and has great potential to be biomarker and therapeutic molecular carrier. Besides, EVs from stem cells and cardiac cells can effectively protect the heart from various pathologic conditions, and then serve as an alternative treatment for CVDs. Moreover, the research of using EVs as delivery carriers of therapeutic molecules, membrane engineering modification of EVs, or combining EVs with biomaterials further improves the application potential of EVs in clinical treatment. However, currently there are only a few articles summarizing the application of EVs in CVDs. This review provides an overview of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of CVDs. It also focuses on how EVs promote the repair of myocardial injury and therapeutic methods of CVDs. In conclusion, it is of great significance to review the research on the application of EVs in the treatment of CVDs, which lays a foundation for further exploration of the role of EVs, and clarifies the prospect of EVs in the treatment of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Li
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Hepatology Hospital of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of PathogenobiologyJilin University Mycology Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Gongliang Guo
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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4
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Du Y, Wu L, Wang L, Reiter RJ, Lip GYH, Ren J. Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases: From pathophysiology to diagnosis and therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:40-55. [PMID: 37798169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), encompassing exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies (ABs), are cell-derived heterogeneous nanoparticles with a pivotal role in intercellular communication. EVs are enclosed by a lipid-bilayer membrane to escape enzymatic degradation. EVs contain various functional molecules (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and metabolites) which can be transferred from donor cells to recipient cells. EVs provide many advantages including accessibility, modifiability and easy storage, stability, biocompatibility, heterogeneity and they readily penetrate through biological barriers, making EVs ideal and promising candidates for diagnosis/prognosis biomarkers and therapeutic tools. Recently, EVs were implicated in both physiological and pathophysiological settings of cardiovascular system through regulation of cell-cell communication. Numerous studies have reported a role for EVs in the pathophysiological progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and have evaluated the utility of EVs for the diagnosis/prognosis and therapeutics of CVDs. In this review, we summarize the biology of EVs, evaluate the perceived biological function of EVs in different CVDs along with a consideration of recent progress for the application of EVs in diagnosis/prognosis and therapies of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Litao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA98195, USA.
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Chen Y, Wan G, Li Z, Liu X, Zhao Y, Zou L, Liu W. Endothelial progenitor cells in pregnancy-related diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1699-1719. [PMID: 37986615 PMCID: PMC10665129 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Placental neovascularization plays a crucial role in fetomaternal circulation throughout pregnancy and is dysregulated in several pregnancy-related diseases, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and fetal growth restriction. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that differentiate into mature endothelial cells, which influence vascular homeostasis, neovascularization, and endothelial repair. Since their discovery in 1997 by Asahara et al., the role of EPCs in vascular biology has garnered a lot of interest. However, although pregnancy-related conditions are associated with changes in the number and function of EPCs, the reported findings are conflicting. This review discusses the discovery, isolation, and classification of EPCs and highlights discrepancies between current studies. Overviews of how various diseases affect the numbers and functions of EPCs, the role of EPCs as biomarkers of pregnancy disorders, and the potential therapeutic applications involving EPCs are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gui Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zeyun Li
- The First Clinical School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weifang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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