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Adewale V, Fernandez-Criado R, Turco A, Battle C, De Brito AS, Feinberg E, Miller ES. Models of care: Opportunities and challenges. Semin Perinatol 2024:151940. [PMID: 39054225 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Perinatal mental health models can broadly be described by scope and structure. Within these two broad domains lies an array of diverse methodologies that have attempted to increase access and coordination of care. These efforts have uncovered many opportunities that, if addressed, may improve our current parent and infant outcomes within our healthcare system and community. Furthermore, there are several opportunities that, if addressed, will result in more equitable, inclusive care. These include being attentive to the unique needs of vulnerable populations, emphasizing community efforts, and closing the current gaps in legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Adewale
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Rodolfo Fernandez-Criado
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexandra Turco
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cynthia Battle
- Butler Hospital, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ana Sofia De Brito
- Division of Midwifery, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily Feinberg
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily S Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Gilliam SM, Hylick K, Taylor EN, La Barrie DL, Hatchett EE, Finch MY, Kavalakuntla Y. Intersectionality in Black Maternal Health Experiences: Implications for Intersectional Maternal Mental Health Research, Policy, and Practice. J Midwifery Womens Health 2024; 69:462-468. [PMID: 38319012 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Black women experience significant maternal mortality and morbidity disparities in the United States. Although emerging research has focused on reducing maternal mortality rates among Black birthing individuals, we must explore structural and social factors contributing to mental health outcomes during the perinatal period. Gaps exist where intersectional identities and experiences in maternal and child health are examined. This study explores the intersectional stress experiences of Black perinatal women in the South. METHODS We collected qualitative data through virtual semistructured interviews with 9 pregnant and 7 postpartum participants (N = 16).These interviews assessed feelings, attitudes, and perceptions about psychological stress due to their intersectional experiences of being Black, pregnant, and a woman in the United States. Findings were analyzed through the lens of critical race theory and intersectionality. RESULTS We identified 5 overarching themes: (1) perinatal mental health experiences, (2) birthing and parenting while Black, (3) socioeconomic factors, (4) how we cope, and (5) community and social support. DISCUSSION Overall, this study revealed how the layers of race, gender, pregnancy, and socioeconomic status influence mental health during the perinatal period. These findings show the need for antiracist and intersectional maternal mental health policies and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kandyce Hylick
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Erica N Taylor
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | | | - Emily E Hatchett
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Morgan Y Finch
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Bear Don't Walk OJ, Paullada A, Everhart A, Casanova-Perez R, Cohen T, Veinot T. Opportunities for incorporating intersectionality into biomedical informatics. J Biomed Inform 2024; 154:104653. [PMID: 38734158 PMCID: PMC11146624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2024.104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Many approaches in biomedical informatics (BMI) rely on the ability to define, gather, and manipulate biomedical data to support health through a cyclical research-practice lifecycle. Researchers within this field are often fortunate to work closely with healthcare and public health systems to influence data generation and capture and have access to a vast amount of biomedical data. Many informaticists also have the expertise to engage with stakeholders, develop new methods and applications, and influence policy. However, research and policy that explicitly seeks to address the systemic drivers of health would more effectively support health. Intersectionality is a theoretical framework that can facilitate such research. It holds that individual human experiences reflect larger socio-structural level systems of privilege and oppression, and cannot be truly understood if these systems are examined in isolation. Intersectionality explicitly accounts for the interrelated nature of systems of privilege and oppression, providing a lens through which to examine and challenge inequities. In this paper, we propose intersectionality as an intervention into how we conduct BMI research. We begin by discussing intersectionality's history and core principles as they apply to BMI. We then elaborate on the potential for intersectionality to stimulate BMI research. Specifically, we posit that our efforts in BMI to improve health should address intersectionality's five key considerations: (1) systems of privilege and oppression that shape health; (2) the interrelated nature of upstream health drivers; (3) the nuances of health outcomes within groups; (4) the problematic and power-laden nature of categories that we assign to people in research and in society; and (5) research to inform and support social change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Bear Don't Walk
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Amandalynne Paullada
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, United States
| | - Avery Everhart
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Reggie Casanova-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, United States
| | - Trevor Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, United States
| | - Tiffany Veinot
- School of Information and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, United States
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Fischer AR, Doudell KR, Cundiff JM, Green SRM, Lavender CA, Gunn HE. Maternal Sleep Health, Social Support, and Distress: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Mothers of Infants and Young Children in Rural US. Behav Sleep Med 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38600856 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2339818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore sleep health in rural maternal populations through a social-ecological framework and identify risk and protective factors for this population. METHODS 39 individuals who are mothers of infants or children under the age of 5 years completed an online survey, 35 of which completed a subsequent semi-structured interview. Recruitment was limited to one rural community and was in partnership with community healthcare providers. Results were integrated using a convergent, parallel mixed-methods design. RESULTS Poor sleep health and high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in rural mothers were evident and associated with social support and maternal distress. Qualitative content from interviews indicated that well-established precipitating and perpetuating factors for insomnia may contribute to poor maternal sleep health. Results also revealed a gap in knowledge and language surrounding sleep health among rural mothers. CONCLUSIONS Sleep health is challenged during the transition to motherhood and rural mothers have less access to specialized perinatal and behavioral health care than their urban counterparts. In this sample, poor sleep was attributable to distress in addition to nocturnal infant and child sleep patterns which has implications for psychoeducation and promotion of sleep health in mothers. Sleep is a modifiable health indicator that is associated with several other maternal health outcomes and should be considered an element of a comprehensive maternal health for prevention and intervention across individual, interpersonal, and societal domains of the social-ecological model of sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly R Doudell
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jenny M Cundiff
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | | | - Catherine A Lavender
- College of Community Health Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Heather E Gunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Arrivillaga MR, Gold M, Rivera EP, Juárez JG. Incorporating an intersectional gender approach to improve access to maternal and child health screening services. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:32. [PMID: 38378594 PMCID: PMC10880357 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Americas, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has promoted initiatives that aim at the elimination of mother-to-child transmitted diseases for over two decades. Although Guatemala has assumed the commitment to improve access and coverage of reproductive and perinatal services, the goals have not yet been reached. Often, the implementation of these efforts is hampered by complexities rooted in social, cultural, and environmental intersections. The objective of this work is to share our experience applying gender intersectionality as a methodological and analytical tool in a participatory research project that aims to improve access to maternal and child health screening services. The study shows the novel strategy that incorporates intersectionality contributing to evidence on how it can be applied to strengthen public health efforts around the implementation of the EMTCT Plus (Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, and Chagas disease) framework, in the mostly rural municipality of Comapa, in Guatemala. METHODS We applied a participatory methodology, integrating theoretical and methodological frameworks to have an intersectional understanding of health services delivered by both, midwives, and the public health institution, for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, and Chagas. The data was collected by conducting interviews, focus groups, workshops, and reviewing laboratory databases, guided by five strategies from a cultural appropriateness framework. RESULTS The intersectional analysis shed light on the synergies and gaps of the current efforts and protocols implemented by both the midwives and the Ministry of Health. The services offered for the four diseases were often delivered independently from each other, and a comprehensive educational and communication material strategy was absent. However, our findings will be used to inform consistent, locally relevant, and culturally appropriate educational content for the local population, also following the national policy guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Using intersectionality as a method and as an analytical tool allowed us to understand the (1) interrelation of diverse social, cultural, and environmental determinants which influence the delivery of health services, as well as (2) the dynamics between the traditional and institutional health systems. (3) Community engagement and the participation of different stakeholders in a consultative process have been fundamental for the conceptual and methodological tenets of this research. (4) Finally, giving a more prominent role to midwives can strengthen sustainability and cultural appropriateness, which is complementary to the delivery of institutional health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Rivera Arrivillaga
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Av. 11-95 Zona 15 VH III, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
| | - Marina Gold
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Recaredo, 3. Puerta Garaje, 28002, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elizabeth Pellecer Rivera
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Av. 11-95 Zona 15 VH III, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Environmental Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469-5755, USA
| | - Jose Guillermo Juárez
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Av. 11-95 Zona 15 VH III, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Tinner L, Holman D, Ejegi-Memeh S, Laverty AA. Use of Intersectionality Theory in Interventional Health Research in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6370. [PMID: 37510601 PMCID: PMC10379482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intersectionality theory posits that considering a single axis of inequality is limited and that considering (dis)advantage on multiple axes simultaneously is needed. The extent to which intersectionality has been used within interventional health research has not been systematically examined. This scoping review aimed to map out the use of intersectionality. It explores the use of intersectionality when designing and implementing public health interventions, or when analysing the impact of these interventions. METHODS We undertook systematic searches of Medline and Scopus from inception through June 2021, with key search terms including "intersectionality", "interventions" and "public health". References were screened and those using intersectionality and primary data from high-income countries were included and relevant data synthesised. RESULTS After screening 2108 studies, we included 12 studies. Six studies were qualitative and focused on alcohol and substance abuse (two studies), mental health (two studies), general health promotion (one study) and housing interventions (one study). The three quantitative studies examined mental health (two studies) and smoking cessation (one study), while the three mixed-method studies examined mental health (two studies) and sexual exploitation (one study). Intersectionality was used primarily to analyse intervention effects (eight studies), but also for intervention design (three studies), and one study used it for both design and analysis. Ethnicity and gender were the most commonly included axes of inequality (11 studies), followed by socio-economic position (10 studies). Four studies included consideration of LGBTQ+ and only one considered physical disability. Intersectional frameworks were used by studies to formulate specific questions and assess differences in outcomes by intersectional markers of identity. Analytical studies also recommended intersectionality approaches to improve future treatments and to structure interventions to focus on power and structural dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Intersectionality theory is not yet commonly used in interventional health research, in either design or analysis. Conditions such as mental health have more studies using intersectionality, while studies considering LGBTQ+ and physical disability as axes of inequality are particularly sparse. The lack of studies in our review suggests that theoretical and methodological advancements need to be made in order to increase engagement with intersectionality in interventional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tinner
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Daniel Holman
- Department of Sociological Studies, The University of Sheffield, The Wave, 2 Whitham Road, Sheffield S10 2AH, UK
| | - Stephanie Ejegi-Memeh
- Department of Sociological Studies, The University of Sheffield, The Wave, 2 Whitham Road, Sheffield S10 2AH, UK
| | - Anthony A Laverty
- Public Health Policy Evaluation, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
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Hoang TMH, Wong A. Exploring the Application of Intersectionality as a Path toward Equity in Perinatal Health: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:685. [PMID: 36613005 PMCID: PMC9819722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a scoping review to determine how past studies have applied the theory of intersectionality, a critical feminist research paradigm, to understand the physical health and mental health outcomes of perinatal people as a step toward addressing maternal health disparities and injustice. The study includes a review of existing research on maternal physical and mental health outcomes, presents the strengths and limitations of existing studies, and provides recommendations on best practices in applying intersectionality in research to address systemic issues and improve outcomes for the perinatal population. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search across four search engines, yielding 28 publications using the intersectionality framework that focused on the outcomes of perinatal people, with a total sample of 9,856,042 participants. We examined how these studies applied intersectionality and evaluated them based on three areas: conceptualization, research method, and interpretation/findings. RESULTS Our findings indicate that maternal health researchers have provided good descriptions of the interaction of systemic inequalities and have used analysis that allows for the examination of interlocking and mutually reinforcing social positions or systems. We find that improvement is needed in the areas of conceptualization, reflexivity, and understanding of power structure. Recommendations are provided in the form of a checklist to guide future research toward an impactful approach to addressing perinatal health disparities. RELEVANCE Our scoping review has implications for improving applied health research to address perinatal health disparities, mortality, and morbidity. Recommendations are given along with references to other tools, and a guidance checklist is provided to support scholars in creating an impactful approach to applying intersectionality in the goal of addressing maternal health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyet-Mai H. Hoang
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ainslee Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Fischer AR, Green SRM, Gunn HE. Social-ecological considerations for the sleep health of rural mothers. J Behav Med 2021; 44:507-518. [PMID: 33083923 PMCID: PMC7574991 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a social-ecological framework, we identify social determinants that interact to influence sleep health, identify gaps in the literature, and make recommendations for targeting sleep health in rural mothers. Rural mothers experience unique challenges and protective factors in maintaining adequate sleep health during the postpartum and early maternal years. Geographic isolation, barriers to comprehensive behavioral medicine services, and intra-rural ethno-racial disparities are discussed at the societal (e.g., public policy), social (e.g., community) and individual levels (e.g., stress) of the social-ecological model. Research on sleep health would benefit from attention to methodological considerations of factors affecting rural mothers such as including parity in population-level analyses or applying community-based participatory research principles. Future sleep health programs would benefit from using existing social support networks to disseminate sleep health information, integrating behavioral health services into clinical care frameworks, and tailoring culturally-appropriate Telehealth/mHealth programs to enhance the sleep health of rural mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 87034, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | | | - Heather E Gunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 87034, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
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Womersley K, Ripullone K, Hirst JE. Tackling inequality in maternal health: Beyond the postpartum. Future Healthc J 2021; 8:31-35. [PMID: 33791457 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.2020-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare systems prioritise antenatal and intrapartum care over the postpartum period. This is reflected in clinical resource allocation and in research agendas. But from metabolic disease to mental health, many pregnancy-associated conditions significantly affect patients' lifelong health. Women from black and ethnic minority backgrounds and lower socioeconomic groups are at greater risk of physical and psychiatric complications of pregnancy compared to white British women. Without sufficiently tailored and accessible education about risk factors, and robust mechanisms for follow-up beyond the traditional 6-week postpartum period, these inequalities are further entrenched. Identifying approaches to address the needs of these patient populations is not only the responsibility of obstetricians and midwives; improvement requires cooperation from healthcare professionals from a wide range of specialties. Healthcare systems must encourage data collection on the long-term effects of metabolic and psychiatric conditions after the postpartum, and s support research that results in evidence-based care for the neglected field of women's postpartum health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Womersley
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, and honorary research associate, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Ripullone
- obstetrics and gynaecology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, and honorary research associate, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Elizabeth Hirst
- Oxford University, Oxford, UK, and honorary senior research fellow, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Arundell LL, Greenwood H, Baldwin H, Kotas E, Smith S, Trojanowska K, Cooper C. Advancing mental health equality: a mapping review of interventions, economic evaluations and barriers and facilitators. Syst Rev 2020; 9:115. [PMID: 32456670 PMCID: PMC7251669 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work aimed to identify studies of interventions seeking to address mental health inequalities, studies assessing the economic impact of such interventions and factors which act as barriers and those that can facilitate interventions to address inequalities in mental health care. METHODS A systematic mapping method was chosen. Studies were included if they: (1) focused on a population with: (a) mental health disorders, (b) protected or other characteristics putting them at risk of experiencing mental health inequalities; (2) addressed an intervention focused on addressing mental health inequalities; and (3) met criteria for one or more of three research questions: (i) primary research studies (any study design) or systematic reviews reporting effectiveness findings for an intervention or interventions, (ii) studies reporting economic evaluation findings, (iii) primary research studies (any study design) or systematic reviews identifying or describing, potential barriers or facilitators to interventions. A bibliographic search of MEDLINE, HMIC, ASSIA, Social Policy & Practice, Sociological Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts and PsycINFO spanned January 2008 to December 2018. Study selection was performed according to inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and tabulated to map studies and summarise published research on mental health inequalities. A visual representation of the mapping review (a mapping diagram) is included. RESULTS Overall, 128 studies met inclusion criteria: 115 primary studies and 13 systematic reviews. Of those, 94 looked at interventions, 6 at cost-effectiveness and 36 at barriers and facilitators. An existing taxonomy of disparities interventions was used and modified to categorise interventions by type and strategy. Most of the identified interventions focused on addressing socioeconomic factors, race disparities and age-related issues. The most frequently used intervention strategy was providing psychological support. Barriers and associated facilitators were categorised into groups including (not limited to) access to care, communication issues and financial constraints. CONCLUSIONS The mapping review was useful in assessing the spread of literature and identifying highly researched areas versus prominent gaps. The findings are useful for clinicians, commissioners and service providers seeking to understand strategies to support the advancement of mental health equality for different populations and could be used to inform further research and support local decision-making. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Louise Arundell
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB UK
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH), Royal College of Psychiatrists, 21 Prescot Street, London, E1 8BB UK
| | - Helen Greenwood
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH), Royal College of Psychiatrists, 21 Prescot Street, London, E1 8BB UK
| | - Helen Baldwin
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH), Royal College of Psychiatrists, 21 Prescot Street, London, E1 8BB UK
| | - Eleanor Kotas
- York Economics Consortium, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Shubulade Smith
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH), Royal College of Psychiatrists, 21 Prescot Street, London, E1 8BB UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Kasia Trojanowska
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH), Royal College of Psychiatrists, 21 Prescot Street, London, E1 8BB UK
| | - Chris Cooper
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
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Hamilton N, Stevens N, Lillis T, Adams N. The fourth trimester: toward improved postpartum health and healthcare of mothers and their families in the United States. J Behav Med 2018; 41:571-576. [PMID: 30302656 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1416 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
| | - Natalie Stevens
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Teresa Lillis
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natasia Adams
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1416 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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