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Cho LK, Jamal S. De novo Connective Tissue Disorders as Immune-related Adverse Events. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2024; 50:301-312. [PMID: 38670728 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment through blocking immunoregulatory pathways, resulting in augmented antitumor responses. However, ICIs can cause inflammatory autoimmune toxicities, known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Common rheumatic irAEs include inflammatory arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica-like symptoms, and myositis. Fewer cases of de novo connective tissue disease as irAEs have been described and have mainly presented with cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Treatments include glucocorticoids and steroid-sparing agents such as hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate with improvement of symptoms. In this review, the authors discuss immune-related SLE and SSc and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Kristin Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Suite 8205B, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Shahin Jamal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Suite 8205B, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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2
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Vitzthum von Eckstaedt H, Singh A, Reid P, Trotter K. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Lupus Erythematosus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:252. [PMID: 38399467 PMCID: PMC10892070 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the standard of care for a growing number of malignancies. Unfortunately, they are associated with a broad range of unique toxicities that mimic the presentations of primary autoimmune conditions. These adverse events are termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs), of which ICI-lupus erythematosus (ICI-LE) constitutes a small percentage. Our review aims to describe the available literature on ICI-LE and ICI treatment for patients with pre-existing lupus. Most diagnoses of ICI-LE had findings of only cutaneous lupus; four diagnoses of ICI-LE had systemic lupus manifestations. Over 90% (27 of 29) of cases received anti-PD-1/PDL-1 monotherapy, 1 received combination therapy, and 1 received only anti-CTLA-4 treatment. About three-fourths (22 of 29 or 76%) of patients with ICI-lupus were managed with topical steroids, 13 (45%) received hydroxychloroquine, and 10 (34%) required oral corticosteroids. In our case series, none of the patients with pre-existing lupus receiving ICI therapy for cancer had a flare of their lupus, but few had de novo irAE manifestations, all of which were characterized as low-grade. The review of the literature yielded seven ICI-LE flares from a total of 27 patients with pre-existing lupus who received ICI. Most flares were manageable without need for ICI cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arohi Singh
- College of the University of Chicago, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Pankti Reid
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Kimberly Trotter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
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3
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Fathi F, Sadeghi E, Lotfi N, Hafezi H, Ahmadi M, Mozafarpoor S, Motedayyen H. Effects of the programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) polymorphisms in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Immunogenet 2019; 47:57-64. [PMID: 31565862 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The failure of immunological tolerance to self-antigens plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PD-1 is an inhibitory receptor for regulating the immune system and preventing development of autoimmune disorders. This study aimed to determine the role of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1 or PD-1) gene and haplotypes defined by these SNPs in susceptibility to SLE in the Iranian population. Blood samples were obtained from 253 SLE and 564 healthy subjects. Red blood cells were lysed and genomic DNAs were extracted using salting-out method. Genotype determinations of PD1.1, PD1.3, PD1.5 and PD1.9 SNPs were performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and 12 haplotypes were constructed by PDCD1 SNPs. Our results showed significant differences in PD1.5 genotype frequencies between patient and control groups (p < .001). The frequencies of PD1.5 C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes versus other genotypes in SLE patients significantly differed from healthy subjects (p < .001, p = .001 and p = .002, respectively). Allelic analysis indicated a significant association between the frequency of PD1.5C allele and development of SLE in our population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51-2.42, p < .001). At the haplotype level, GGCC, GACT and GGCT haplotypes were significantly different between SLE and control groups (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.73-2.66, p < .001; OR = 9.76, 95% CI = 4.47-21.3, p < .001; and OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.24-0.42, p < .001, respectively). Based on these findings, PD1.5 SNP and some haplotypes of PDCD1 contribute to SLE risk in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Lotfi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hafezi
- Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mozafarpoor
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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4
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Delamain MT, Gomez GVB, Lourenço GJ, de Souza CA, Lima CSP. Increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in males with inherited T lymphocyte receptor programed death-1 deficiency. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3552-3556. [PMID: 31282791 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1636988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Vilas Bôas Gomez
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmino Antônio de Souza
- Haematology and Haemotherapy Centre, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Marano AL, Clarke JM, Morse MA, Shah A, Barrow W, Selim MA, Hall RP, Cardones AR. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis associated with anti-programmed cell death 1 therapy. Br J Dermatol 2018; 181:580-583. [PMID: 30244487 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade has rapidly emerged as an effective therapy for a wide variety of metastatic malignancies. It has been associated with multiple immune-related adverse effects, including cutaneous eruptions. We describe two patients with clinical and histological findings that were consistent with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) after receiving PD-1 inhibitor therapy for metastatic lung cancer. We successfully treated our first patient with systemic and topical steroids, photoprotection and hydroxychloroquine. However, he subsequently developed dermatomyositis after continuing PD-1 inhibitor therapy. Our second patient presented with a protracted course of a cutaneous eruption in spite of discontinuation of anti-PD-1 therapy and treatment with systemic corticosteroids and infliximab. This patient's SCLE resolved after the addition of topical steroids and photoprotection and discontinuation of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy. She and her oncology team decided to pursue non-PD-1 inhibitor treatment for lung cancer owing to a lack of tumour response. We add SCLE and dermatomyositis to the growing list of autoimmune complications of PD-1 blockade. Our cases raise a number of questions, particularly in relation to the viability of continuing anti-PD-1 therapy after developing SCLE and the role of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with PD-1 inhibitor-associated connective tissue disease. What's already known about this topic? Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade, which is rapidly emerging as a therapy for a wide variety of metastatic malignancies, has been associated with multiple immune-related adverse effects. These include systemic autoimmune diseases such as colitis and thyroiditis in addition to numerous cutaneous adverse events. Cutaneous side-effects of PD-1 inhibitors most commonly reported in clinical trials include lichenoid reactions, eczematous dermatitis and vitiligo. What does this study add? We report two cases of PD-1 inhibitor-associated subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), with one patient progressing to dermatomyositis with continued PD-1 inhibitor treatment. In addition to being a novel cutaneous adverse event, we also demonstrate the possibility of development of multiple autoimmune diseases in one patient, which is different from classic drug-related SCLE. We discuss the treatment challenges for patients with autoimmune skin disease receiving PD-1 inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Marano
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - J M Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - M A Morse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A.,Division of Rheumatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - W Barrow
- Ameripath Inc., Palm Beach Gardens, FL, U.S.A
| | - M A Selim
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - R P Hall
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - A R Cardones
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
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6
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Gao J, Gai N, Wang L, Liu K, Liu XH, Wei LT, Tian T, Li SL, Zheng Y, Deng YJ, Dai ZJ, Fu RG. Meta-analysis of programmed cell death 1 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus risk. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36885-36897. [PMID: 28415570 PMCID: PMC5482706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of polymorphisms in programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) gene with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk is inconsistent across different studies. This meta-analysis is aimed to provide reliable evidence to the association of five common PDCD1 polymorphisms (PD1.1, PD1.2, PD1.3, PD1.5 and PD1.6) with SLE risk. A total of 28 studies with 4,344 SLE cases and 5,474 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. PD1.3 polymorphism was significantly associated with SLE in the overall population (A vs. G: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.12-1.63; GA vs.GG: OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.12-1.76; AA+GA vs. GG: OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.13-1.7). In the stratified analyses based on ethnicity, we found a significant association in Caucasians and in Mexicans. In the subgroup analyses by gender, a significant association was found between PD1.3 polymorphism and SLE risk in males. The results also suggested an association between the PD1.6 polymorphism and decreased SLE risk (A vs. G: OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73-0.96). Our meta-analysis revealed that PD1.3 polymorphism may increase the susceptibility to SLE, particularly in Caucasians, while PD1.6 may be a protective factor to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Gai
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing-Han Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Ting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan-Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Deng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong-Guo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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7
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Gomez GVB, Rinck-Junior JA, Oliveira C, Silva DHL, Mamoni RL, Lourenço GJ, Moraes AM, Lima CSP. PDCD1 gene polymorphisms as regulators of T-lymphocyte activity in cutaneous melanoma risk and prognosis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:308-317. [PMID: 29090522 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether PD1.1 (c.-606G>A), PD1 (c.627 + 252C>T), PD1.5 (c.804C>T), and PD1.9 (c.644C>T) single nucleotide polymorphisms of PDCD1 gene influence the risk, clinicopathological aspects, and survival of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Individuals with phototype I or II and PD1 CC genotype were under 5.89-fold increased risk of developing CM. PD1.5 TT genotype increased PDCD1 expression (2.49 versus 1.28 arbitrary units, p = .03) and PD1.5 CT or TT genotype and allele T increased PD1 expression in TCD4+ lymphocytes (16.6 versus 12.5%, p = .01; 17.0 versus 13.1%, p = .006). At 60 months of follow-up, short recurrence-free survival was seen in patients with PD1.1 AA genotype (33.3 versus 71.8%, p = .03). Patients with PD1.1 AA and PD1.5 CC genotype had 4.21 and 2.62 more chances of presenting relapse and evolving death by disease in Cox analyses, respectively. Our data provide preliminary evidence that abnormalities in regulation of T lymphocyte alter CM risk, clinical aspects, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela V B Gomez
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José A Rinck-Junior
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Oliveira
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennis H L Silva
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronei L Mamoni
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aparecida M Moraes
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen S P Lima
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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8
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Zamani MR, Aslani S, Salmaninejad A, Javan MR, Rezaei N. PD-1/PD-L and autoimmunity: A growing relationship. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:27-41. [PMID: 27660198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, namely PD-L1 and PD-L2, are one of the key factors responsible for inhibitory T cell signaling, mediating the mechanisms of tolerance and providing immune homeostasis. Mounting evidence demonstrates that impaired PD-1:PD-L function plays an important role in a variety of autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes (T1D), encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Behcet's disease (BD), myasthenia gravis (MG), autoimmune uveitis (AU), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), myocarditis, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). By investigating the candidate genes, genome-wide association studies, and identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PD-1 gene in humans, it has been shown that there is a higher risk in relevant genetic associations with developing autoimmune diseases in certain ethnic groups. In this review we have tried to present a comprehensive role of PD-1:PD-L in all recently studied autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Javan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Dmitrieva-Zdorova EV, Gabaeva MV, Seregin YA, Bodoev NV, Voronko OE. PDCD1 PD-1.3 polymorphism and allergic bronchial asthma in Russian and Buryat patients. J Asthma 2016; 54:46-52. [PMID: 27286421 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1196366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The programmed death-1 receptor, PD-1, is a negative regulator of T-cell activation. The PD-1.3 polymorphism of the PD-1 gene (PDCD1) has been previously shown to be associated with several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. We examined for the first time PD-1.3 association with another inflammatory disease with strong immune component, IgE-mediated bronchial asthma, its severity and its biochemical markers (total serum IgE and IL-4). METHODS PD-1.3 G/A was genotyped by PCR-RFLP analysis using two different populations: Caucasian (492 Russian individuals) and Asian (276 Buryat individuals). RESULTS We found a significant association of the PD-1.3 polymorphism with IgE-mediated bronchial asthma and total serum IgE level in the Russian population. Combined genotype AA+AG was correlated with risk of developing allergic bronchial asthma (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.13-2.78, p = 0.011) and lower concentrations of total serum IgE (p = 0.001) compared with the wild-type genotype GG. However, PD-1.3 was not polymorphic in the Buryat population. CONCLUSIONS PD-1.3 polymorphism of the PD-1 gene (PDCD1) may contribute to the development of allergic asthma in the Russians but not in the Buryats. Our results could be helpful for a better understanding of the effect of this polymorphism on the development of diseases with strong immune components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuri A Seregin
- a Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC) , Moscow , Russia
| | | | - Olga E Voronko
- a Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC) , Moscow , Russia
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10
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Association between PDCD1 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Three Main Ethnic Groups of the Malaysian Population. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9794-803. [PMID: 25938972 PMCID: PMC4463618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) gene encodes for the PD-1 (programmed death 1) molecule, which negatively regulates self-reactive T- and B-cells in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. A previous report had shown the development of lupus-like phenotypes in PD-1-deficient C57BL/6 mice, was suggestive to the role of PDCD1 in predisposing to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between PDCD1 and SLE susceptibility in the Malaysian population. A TaqMan-based real-time PCR was employed to screen for PD1.1, PD1.3, PD1.5 and PD1.6 in both SLE and healthy control groups of 200 samples each. The observed frequency for PD1.5C/C genotype was significantly higher in Indian SLE patients and Malay controls (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the PD1.5C/T genotype might predispose the Malays to SLE, but confer a protective effect among the Indians (p < 0.01). The PD1.1, PD1.3 and PD1.6 were, however, not correlated to genetic predisposition of SLE in our Malaysian population. In conclusion, PD1.5 variant was significantly associated to SLE susceptibility in our Malaysian cohort. Our failure in replicating the association between other investigated PDCD1 variants and risk of getting SLE might due to ethnic and geographic variations in the distribution of these genetic variants.
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11
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Grzywnowicz M, Karabon L, Karczmarczyk A, Zajac M, Skorka K, Zaleska J, Wlasiuk P, Chocholska S, Tomczak W, Bojarska-Junak A, Dmoszynska A, Frydecka I, Giannopoulos K. The function of a novel immunophenotype candidate molecule PD-1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2908-13. [PMID: 25682964 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1017820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a negative receptor expressed on lymphocytes including malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this work, we found that patients with CLL had a higher expression of PD-1 transcript (PDCD1) than healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001). PDCD1 expression was comparable between CLL cells from accumulation (peripheral blood) and proliferation (bone marrow) disease compartments. In blood samples of patients with mutated IGHV genes PDCD1 expression was higher than with unmutated IGHV (p = 0.0299). We demonstrated that phosphorylation of SYK and LYN, key B-cell receptor signaling kinases, was independent of PD-1 expression in patients with CLL, while ZAP-70 phosphorylation in negative tyrosine residue 292 showed strong inverse correlation (r = - 0.8, p = 0.0019). No associations between five single nucleotide polymorphisms of PDCD1, their expressions and susceptibility to CLL were found. In conclusion, PD-1 might be an independent, universal marker of CLL cells and a part of their activated phenotype, and subsequently might modulate the function of ZAP-70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Grzywnowicz
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Lidia Karabon
- b Department of Experimental Therapy , Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Karczmarczyk
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zajac
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skorka
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Joanna Zaleska
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Paulina Wlasiuk
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Sylwia Chocholska
- c Department of Hematooncology and BMT Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomczak
- c Department of Hematooncology and BMT Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | | | - Anna Dmoszynska
- c Department of Hematooncology and BMT Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Irena Frydecka
- b Department of Experimental Therapy , Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Giannopoulos
- a Department of Experimental Hematooncology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland.,c Department of Hematooncology and BMT Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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12
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Upregulated PD-1 Expression Is Associated with the Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, but Not the PD-1.1 Allele of the PDCD1 Gene. Int J Genomics 2014; 2014:950903. [PMID: 24860805 PMCID: PMC4016872 DOI: 10.1155/2014/950903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with complicated genetic inheritance. Programmed death 1 (PD-1), a negative T cell regulator to maintain peripheral tolerance, induces negative signals to T cells during interaction with its ligands and is therefore a candidate gene in the development of SLE. In order to examine whether expression levels of PD-1 contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE, 30 patients with SLE and 30 controls were recruited and their PD-1 expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured via flow cytometry and quantitative real-time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Also, whether PD-1 expression levels are associated with the variant of the SNP rs36084323 and the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was studied in this work. The PD-1 expression levels of SLE patients were significantly increased compared with those of the healthy controls. The upregulated PD-1 expression levels in SLE patients were greatly associated with SLEDAI scores. No significant difference was found between PD-1 expression levels and SNP rs36084323. The results suggest that increased expression of PD-1 may correlate with the pathogenesis of SLE, upregulated PD-1 expression may be a biomarker for SLE diagnosis, and PD-1 inhibitor may be useful to SLE treatment.
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A Promoter Region Polymorphism in PDCD-1 Gene Is Associated with Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Han Chinese Population of Southeastern China. Int J Genomics 2014; 2014:247637. [PMID: 24804191 PMCID: PMC3996357 DOI: 10.1155/2014/247637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) induces negative signals to T cells during interaction with its ligands and is therefore a candidate gene in the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we investigate the association of PDCD-1 polymorphisms with the risk of RA among Chinese patients and healthy controls. Methods. Using the PCR-direct sequencing analysis, 4 PDCD-1 SNPs (rs36084323, rs11568821, rs2227982, and rs2227981) were genotyped in 320 RA patients and 309 matched healthy controls. Expression of PD-1 was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results. We observed that the GG genotype of rs36084323 was associated with a increased risk for developing RA (OR 1.70, 95% 1.11–2.61, P = 0.049). Patients carrying G/G genotype displayed an increased mRNA level of PD-1 (P = 0.04) compared with A/A genotype and healthy controls. Meanwhile, patients homozygous for rs36084323 had induced basal PD-1 expression on activated CD4+ T cells. Conclusion. The PDCD-1 polymorphism rs36084323 was significantly associated with RA risk in Han Chinese population. This SNP, which effectively influenced the expression of PD-1, may be a biomarker of early diagnosis of RA and a suitable indicator of utilizing PD-1 inhibitor for treatment of RA.
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J DAS, C A, P SG, S C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Old and New Susceptibility Genes versus Clinical Manifestations. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:52-65. [PMID: 24653663 PMCID: PMC3958959 DOI: 10.2174/138920291501140306113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most relevant world-wide autoimmune disorders. The formation of autoantibodies and the deposition of antibody-containing immune complexes in blood vessels throughout the body is the main pathogenic mechanism of SLE leading to heterogeneous clinical manifestations and target tissue damage. The complexity of etiology and pathogenesis in SLE, enclosing genetic and environmental factors, apparently is one of the greatest challenges for both researchers and clinicians. Strong indications for a genetic background in SLE come from studies in families as well as in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, discovering several SLE-associated loci and genes (e.g. IRF5, PTPN22, CTLA4, STAT4 and BANK1). As SLE has a complex genetic background, none of these genes is likely to be entirely responsible for triggering autoimmune response in SLE even if they disclosure a potentially novel molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis' disease. The clinical manifestations and disease severity varies greatly among patients, thus several studies try to associate clinical heterogeneity and prognosis with specific genetic polymorphisms in SLE associated genes. The continue effort to describe new predisposing or modulating genes in SLE is justified by the limited knowledge about the pathogenesis, assorted clinical manifestation and the possible prevention strategies. In this review we describe newly discovered, as well as the most studied genes associated to SLE susceptibility, and relate them to clinical manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Azevêdo Silva J
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Addobbati C
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sandrin-Garcia P
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Crovella S
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Iravani-Saadi M, Karimi MH, Yaghobi R, Geramizadeh B, Ramzi M, Niknam A, Pourfathollah A. Polymorphism of costimulatory molecules (CTLA4, ICOS, PD.1 and CD28) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Iranian patients. Immunol Invest 2014; 43:391-404. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.879594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Thude H, Schipler AD, Treszl A, Peine S, Koch M, Sterneck M, Nashan B. Lack of association between CTLA-4 and PDCD1 polymorphisms and acute rejection in German liver transplant recipients. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1041-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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da Silva Fonseca AM, de Azevedo Silva J, Pancotto JAT, Donadi EA, Segat L, Crovella S, Sandrin-Garcia P. Polymorphisms in STK17A gene are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and its clinical manifestations. Gene 2013; 527:435-9. [PMID: 23860322 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with several clinical manifestations. SLE etiology has a strong genetic component, which plays a key role in disease's predisposition, as well as participation of environmental factors, such and UV light exposure. In this regard, we investigated whether polymorphisms in STK17A, a DNA repair related gene, encoding for serine/threonine-protein kinase 17A, are associated with SLE susceptibility. A total of 143 SLE patients and 177 healthy controls from Southern Brazil were genotyped for five STK17A TagSNPs. Our results indicated association of rs7805969 SNP (A and G/A genotype, OR=1.40 and OR=1.73, respectively) with SLE predisposition and the following clinical manifestations: arthritis, cutaneous and immunological alterations. When analyzing haplotypes distribution, we found association between TGGTC, TAGTC and AAGAT haplotypes and risk to develop SLE. When considering clinical manifestations, the haplotypes TGGTT and TAGTC were associated with protection against cutaneous alterations and the haplotype TAGTC to hematological alterations. We also observed association between SLE clinical manifestations and ethnicity, with the European-derived patients being more susceptible to cutaneous and hematological alterations.
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Nasi M, Riva A, Borghi V, D'Amico R, Del Giovane C, Casoli C, Galli M, Vicenzi E, Gibellini L, De Biasi S, Clerici M, Mussini C, Cossarizza A, Pinti M. Novel genetic association of TNF-α-238 and PDCD1-7209 polymorphisms with long-term non-progressive HIV-1 infection. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17:e845-50. [PMID: 23403273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 2-5% of HIV-1-infected subjects, defined as long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), remain immunologically stable for a long time without treatment. The factors governing this condition are known only in part, and include genetic factors. Thus, we studied 20 polymorphisms of 15 genes encoding proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, genes involved in apoptosis, and the gene HCP5. METHODS We analyzed 47 Caucasian LTNPs infected for >9 years, compared with 131 HIV-1-infected Caucasian patients defined as 'usual progressors'. The genotypes were determined by methods based upon PCR, and the statistical analysis was performed by univariate logistic regression. RESULTS The well-known CCR5Δ32 del32 allele, the cell death-related TNF-α-238 A and PDCD1-7209 T alleles, and HCP5 rs2395029 G, a non-coding protein associated with the HLA-B*5701, were found positively associated with the LTNP condition. No association was observed for other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SDF-1-801, IL-10-592, MCP-1-2518, CX3CR1 V249I, CCR2V64I, RANTES-403, IL-2-330, IL-1β-511, IL-4-590, FASL IVS3nt-169, FAS-670, FAS-1377, FASL IVS2nt-124, PDCD1-7146, MMP-7-181, and MMP7-153). CONCLUSIONS The novel genetic associations between allelic variants of genes TNF-α-238 and PDCD1-7209 with the LTNP condition underline the importance of host genetic factors in the progression of HIV-1 infection and in immunological preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Wu YL, Liang J, Zhang W, Tanaka Y, Sugiyama H. Immunotherapies: the blockade of inhibitory signals. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:1420-30. [PMID: 23197939 PMCID: PMC3509335 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes require signaling by the T cell receptor and by nonclonotypic cosignaling receptors. The costimulatory and inhibitory signals profoundly influence the course of immune responses by amplifying or reducing the transcriptional effects of T cell receptor triggering. The inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and BTLA have recently drawn much attention as potential targets for immunotherapies. This review focuses on the progress that has been made with the mentioned receptors in the field of immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases, malignancies, infectious diseases, and transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen/physiology
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/metabolism
- CTLA-4 Antigen/chemistry
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy/trends
- Mice
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transplantation Immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Wu
- 1. Virus Inspection Department of Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 630 Xincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jing Liang
- 2. Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- 2. Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- 3. Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- 4. Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Coinhibitory molecules in autoimmune diseases. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:269756. [PMID: 22997525 PMCID: PMC3446788 DOI: 10.1155/2012/269756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coinhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and BTLA negatively regulate immune responses. Multiple studies indicate that the deficiency or mutation of coinhibitory molecules leads to the development of autoimmune diseases in mice and humans, indicating that the negative signals from coinhibitory molecules are crucial for the prevention of autoimmunity. In some conditions, the administration of decoy coinhibitory receptors (e.g., CTLA-4 Ig) or mAb against coinhibitory molecules suppresses the responses of self-reactive T cells in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, modulation of coinhibitory signals seems to be an attractive approach to induce tolerance in autoimmune diseases in humans where the disease-inducing self-antigens are not known. Particularly, administration of CTLA-4 Ig has shown great promise in animal models of autoimmune diseases and has been gaining increasing attention in clinical investigation in several autoimmune diseases in humans.
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Meng Q, Guo H, Hou S, Jiang Z, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Lack of an association of PD-1 and its ligand genes with Behcet's disease in a Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25345. [PMID: 22039410 PMCID: PMC3198443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behcet's disease is a chronic, multi-systemic autoimmune disease. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) gene is one of non-human leucocyte antigen genes. It has been demonstrated to be associated with several autoimmune diseases. However, only a few studies have addressed the association of ligand genes of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 with autoimmune disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential association of the PD-1 and its ligand genes with Behcet's disease in a Chinese Han population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Four single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) rs2227981 and rs10204525 of PD-1, rs1970000 of PD-L1 and rs7854303 of PD-L2 were genotyped in 405 Behcet's patients and 414 age-, sex-, ethnic-matched healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The results revealed that there were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of PD-1 rs2227981 and rs10204525 between the Behcet's patients and controls. A similar result was found for PD-L1 rs1970000 versus healthy controls. Only the C allele and the CC genotype of PD-L2 rs7854303 were identified in patients and controls. Stratification analysis based on gender and clinical findings did not show any associations between PD-1 or its ligand polymorphisms and Behcet's disease. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE None of the currently studied SNPs, PD-1 rs2227981 and rs10204525, PD-L1 rs1970000 and PD-L2 rs7854303, are associated with the susceptibility to Behcet's disease in a Chinese Han population. More studies are needed to confirm these findings in Behcet's patients with other ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haike Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory Of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxuan Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory Of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- Eye Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory Of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Wang C, Hillsamer P, Kim CH. Phenotype, effector function, and tissue localization of PD-1-expressing human follicular helper T cell subsets. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:53. [PMID: 21914188 PMCID: PMC3184275 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well established that PD-1 is expressed by follicular T cells but its function in regulation of human T helper cells has been unclear. We investigated the expression modality and function of PD-1 expressed by human T cells specialized in helping B cells. Results We found that PD-1-expressing T cells are heterogeneous in PD-1 expression. We identified three different PD-1-expressing memory T cell subsets (i.e. PD-1low (+), PD-1medium (++), and PD-1high (+++) cells). PD-1+++ T cells expressed CXCR5 and CXCR4 and were localized in the rim of germinal centers. PD-1+ or PD-1++ cells expressed CCR7 and were present mainly in the T cell area or other parts of the B cell follicles. Utilizing a novel antigen density-dependent magnetic sorting (ADD-MS) method, we isolated the three T cell subsets for functional characterization. The germinal center-located PD-1+++ T cells were most efficient in helping B cells and in producing IL-21 and CXCL13. Other PD-1-expressing T cells, enriched with Th1 and Th17 cells, were less efficient than PD-1+++ T cells in these capacities. PD-1+++ T cells highly expressed Ki-67 and therefore appear active in cell activation and proliferation in vivo. IL-2 is a cytokine important for proliferation and survival of the PD-1+++ T cells. In contrast, IL-21, while a major effector cytokine produced by the PD-1-expressing T helper cells, had no function in generation, survival, or proliferation of the PD-1-expressing helper T cells at least in vitro. PD-1 triggering has a suppressive effect on the proliferation and B cell-helping function of PD-1+++ germinal center T cells. Conclusion Our results revealed the phenotype and effector function of PD-1-expressing T helper cell subsets and indicate that PD-1 restrains the B cell-helping function of germinal center-localized T cells to prevent excessive antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwu Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Center for Cancer Research, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Huang CH, Wong RH, Wei JCC, Tsay MD, Chen WC, Chen HY, Shih WT, Chiou SP, Tu YC, Lee HS. Effects of genetic polymorphisms of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands on the development of ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1809-13. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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de Souza Malaspina TS, Gasparoto TH, Costa MRSN, de Melo EF, Ikoma MRV, Damante JH, Cavassani KA, Garlet GP, da Silva JS, Campanelli AP. Enhanced programmed death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression in patients with actinic cheilitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:965-74. [PMID: 21442435 PMCID: PMC11028705 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PD-1 and PD-L1 can be involved in tumor escape, and little is known about the role of these molecules in oral tumors or pre-malignant lesions. In the present study, we investigated the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the blood and lesion samples of patients with actinic cheilitis (AC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our results showed that lymphocytes from peripheral blood and tissue samples exhibited high expression of PD-1 in both groups analyzed. Patients with AC presented higher percentage as well as the absolute numbers of CD4+PD-1+ and CD8+PD-1+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) than healthy individuals, while patients with OSCC presented an increased frequency of CD8+PD1+ in PBMC when compared with controls. On the other hand, increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1(+) accumulate in samples from OSCC, and the expression of PD-L1 was intense in OSCC and moderate in AC lesion sites. Lower levels of IFN-γ and higher levels of TGF-β were detected in OSCC samples. Our data demonstrate that PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules are present in blood and samples of AC and OSCC patients. Further studies are required to understand the significance of PD-1 and PD-L1 in oral tumors microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Salles de Souza Malaspina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP CEP 17012-901 Brazil
| | - Thaís Helena Gasparoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP CEP 17012-901 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Humberto Damante
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP CEP 17012-901 Brazil
| | - João Santana da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP CEP 17012-901 Brazil
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Lv F, Gao YF, Zhang ZH, Zhang TC, Pan FM, Cui MF, Xia SL, Li X, Yin HF. Polymorphisms in programmed death-1 gene are not associated with chronic HBV infection in Chinese patients. World J Hepatol 2011; 3:72-8. [PMID: 21487538 PMCID: PMC3074088 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v3.i3.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between the programmed death-1(PD-1) polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Chinese patients. METHODS Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), PD-1.1 G > A and PD-1.2 G > A, were genotyped in 539 patients with chronic HBV infection and 353 other family members (HbsAg-) from 256 nuclear families using polymerase chain reactiorestriction fragment length polymorphisms assay. The associations between PD-1 polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of chronic HBV infection were analyzed usng the family-based association analysis method. RESULTS No association or linkage was detected among 539 patients. Univariate (single-marker) family-based association tests demonstrated that PD-1 genotypes, alleles and transmitted haplotypes are not associated with chronic HBV infection (all with P value more than 0.05). Transmission/disequilibrium test and sibship disequilibrium test analysis showed no excess of the alleles from heterozygous parents to affected offspring (P = 0.688880, P = 1.000000 respectively). CONCLUSION The data demonstrated that PD-1.1 and PD-1.2 polymorphisms are not associated with chronic HBV infection in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lv
- Feng Lv, Yu-Feng Gao, Zhen-Huan Zhang, Ming-Fang Cui, Shu-Ling Xia, Xu Li, Hua-Fa Yin, Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
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Inverse correlation of programmed death 1 (PD-1) expression in T cells to the spinal radiologic changes in Taiwanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol 2011; 30:1181-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-011-1721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fife BT, Pauken KE. The role of the PD-1 pathway in autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1217:45-59. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Program death 1 (PD1) haplotyping in patients with breast carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4205-10. [PMID: 21113674 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Located on chromosome 2q37.3, the programmed death 1 (PD1) gene encodes for PD-1 (also known as CD279), a negative co-stimulator in the immune system. PD-1 renders potent inhibitory effects on T and B lymphocytes as well as monocyte responses. Expression of PD-1 ligands by tumor cells has been reported to contribute in immune system evasion. We aimed, in current study, to investigate the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in PD1 gene, +7146 G to A (PD-1.3) and +7785 C to T (PD-1.5 or +872), with susceptibility and/or progression of breast carcinoma. Four hundred forty-three women with breast cancer and 328 age-sex match healthy donors were recruited in present study. Genotyping was performed using Nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Arlequin software package was used to check for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibration and to determine the haplotypes. Results revealed no significant differences in the frequencies of genotypes and alleles at PD-1.3 (P=0.252 and 0.279 for genotypes and alleles, respectively) and PD-1.5 positions (P=0.522 and 0.278 for genotypes and alleles, respectively). Four haplotypes were observed among populations with no differences in the frequency between patients and controls. Our results also revealed no association between PD1 genotypes and tumor stage, tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node involvement, vascular invasion, distant metastasis, and Nottingham prognostic index. Present data do not confirm association of PD-1.3 (+7146) G/A and PD-1.5 (+7785 or +872) C/T genetic markers with susceptibility of Iranians to breast cancer.
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Wong M, La Cava A, Singh RP, Hahn BH. Blockade of programmed death-1 in young (New Zealand black x New Zealand white)F1 mice promotes the activity of suppressive CD8+ T cells that protect from lupus-like disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6563-71. [PMID: 21041733 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway regulates both stimulatory and inhibitory signals. In some conditions, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibits T and B cell activation, induces anergy, and reduces cytotoxicity in CD8(+) T cells. In other conditions, PD-l/PD-L1 has costimulatory effects on T cells. We recently showed that induction of suppressive CD8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells by immune tolerance of lupus-prone (New Zealand black × New Zealand white)F(1) (BWF(1)) mice with the anti-DNA Ig-based peptide pConsensus (pCons) is associated with significantly reduced PD-1 expression on those cells. In this study, we tested directly the role of PD-1 by administering in vivo neutralizing Ab to PD-1 to premorbid BWF(1) and healthy control mice. Anti-PD-1-treated mice were protected from the onset of lupus nephritis for 10 wk, with significantly improved survival. Although the numbers of T cells declined in aging control mice, they were maintained in anti-PD-1-treated mice, including CD8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells that suppressed syngeneic CD4(+)CD25(-) T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, reduced production of IgG and anti-dsDNA IgG, induced apoptosis in syngeneic B cells, and increased IL-2 and TGF-β production. The administration of anti-PD-1 Ab to BWF(1) mice after induction of tolerance with pCons abrogated tolerance; mice developed autoantibodies and nephritis at the same time as control mice, being unable to induce CD8(+)Foxp3(+) T suppressor cells. These data suggest that tightly regulated PD-1 expression is essential for the maintenance of immune tolerance mediated by those CD8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells that suppress both T(h) cells and pathogenic B cells. PD-1 regulation could represent a target to preserve tolerance and prevent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida Wong
- Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA.
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Zheng L, Li D, Wang F, Wu H, Li X, Fu J, Chen X, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang S. Association between hepatitis B viral burden in chronic infection and a functional single nucleotide polymorphism of the PDCD1 gene. J Clin Immunol 2010; 30:855-60. [PMID: 20700634 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-010-9450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD-1, encoded by PDCD1, is highly expressed on virus-specific T cells and plays critical roles in modulating anti-virus immune responses in chronic viral infection. It is unknown, however, whether polymorphisms of the PDCD1 are associated with viral clearance during chronic viral infections. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method to genotype two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PDCD1 in 502 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and 359 healthy controls to determine the association between PDCD1 genotypes and serum viral load as well as the risk of chronic infection. Our results showed that although neither the P7209(C/T) SNP site nor the P8737(A/G) site was associated with the risk of chronic HBV infection, the P7209 (T) allele in intron 4 is significantly associated with lower viral burden in the blood. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that the P7209 (T) allele creates a negative cis-element for gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Our data provide the first evidence that PDCD1 polymorphisms is a genetic factor in pathogenesis of chronic viral infection and reveal the functional significance of the P7209 SNP of the PDCD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing 100101, China
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Dinesh RK, Hahn BH, Singh RP. PD-1, gender, and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 9:583-7. [PMID: 20433954 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) are responsible for inhibitory T cell signaling that helps mediate the mechanisms of tolerance and immune homeostasis. The PD-1:PD-L signaling pathway has been shown to play an important role in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune conditions, chronic infection, and cancer. Recently, investigators have explored the role of sex hormones in modulating the pathway in autoimmune conditions. Exploring the effects of sex hormones on the PD-1:PD-L pathway could shed light on the gender biased nature of many autoimmune conditions as well as aide in the development of therapeutics targeting the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Dinesh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA
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Lower expression levels of the programmed death 1 receptor on CD4+CD25+ T cells and correlation with the PD-1.3A genotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1702-11. [DOI: 10.1002/art.27417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Programmed death-1 (PD-1) gene polymorphisms lodged in the genetic predispositions of Kawasaki Disease. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:181-5. [PMID: 19468750 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-009-1002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of programmed death-1 gene (PD-1) polymorphisms with genetic predispositions to Kawasaki disease (KD). A total of 73 patients with KD and 100 healthy controls were enrolled from 2007 to 2008. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the PD-1 gene, rs41386349 and rs2227981, were analyzed. Higher T allele frequency of rs41386349 was found in the patient group than the control group (p = 0.007, odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2-2.9). PD-1 rs2227981 polymorphism was not significant in patients with KD comparing with the control group (p = 0.4, OR = 1.2 (0.8-1.9)). Furthermore, no difference of PD-1 polymorphisms between patients with coronary artery dilatation (CAD) and those without CAD was found. Our data support the possibility that PD-1 gene polymorphism may be related with the genetic susceptibility of KD in Korean population.
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Liu X, Hu LH, Li YR, Chen FH, Ning Y, Yao QF. Programmed cell death 1 gene polymorphisms is associated with ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese Han population. Rheumatol Int 2009; 31:209-13. [PMID: 20012629 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has been reported to have a genetic association in several autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PD-1 polymorphisms and haplotypes with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Chinese Han population. In a case-control association study, three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), PD-1.3 G/A, PD-1.5 C/T and PD-1.9 T/C, were genotyped in 216 AS patients and 264 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. All genotype distributions in the patients and in the controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The associations of genotypes and alleles with AS were analyzed. The genotype distributions of PD-1.9 were significantly different between the patients with AS and the controls (P = 0.025). The frequencies of TC genotype and T allele of PD-1.9 were higher in the patients than those in the controls (P = 0.026 and 0.004). No association for PD-1.5 in AS was found, and PD-1.3 was non-polymorphic in Chinese Han population. Moreover, the frequency of the CT haplotype (PD-1.5 C/T, PD-1.9 T/C) was significantly higher in AS patients than the controls (21.6 vs. 13.9%, P = 0.002). The CC haplotype was more common in the controls than in the patients (57.1 vs. 44.6%, P = 0.000). The results support a genetic association between the PD-1 polymorphism and susceptibility to AS in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chen L, Pai V, Levinson R, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ, Braun J, Gordon LK. Constitutive neuronal expression of the immune regulator, programmed death 1 (PD-1), identified during experimental autoimmune uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2009; 17:47-55. [PMID: 19294574 DOI: 10.1080/09273940802491884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligation downregulates active lymphocyte responses. The authors tested whether PD-1 or its ligands are expressed in the posterior segment during active intraocular inflammation. METHODS Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced using interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP 161-180). Ocular inflammation was evaluated by histology and expression of PD-1 ligand tested by immunohistochemistry. PD-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western immunoblotting. RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, PD-1, but not its ligands, was constitutively expressed in retinal neurons of naive mouse retina. Both PD-1 and its ligands were observed, as expected, in sites of active inflammation. CONCLUSIONS PD-1 and its ligands were expressed in sites of active inflammation, in accordance with many other models of inflammatory disease. Surprisingly, PD-1, not previously described outside the immune system, was constitutively expressed in retinal neurons, raising the possibility that PD-1 signaling may be important for neuronal function in the absence of an inflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Kim I, Kim YJ, Kim K, Kang C, Choi CB, Sung YK, Lee HS, Bae SC. Genetic studies of systemic lupus erythematosus in Asia: where are we now? Genes Immun 2009; 10:421-32. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu JL, Zhang FY, Liang YH, Xiao FL, Zhang SQ, Cheng YL, Yuan CD, Chen QP, Yang S, Zhang XJ. Association between the PD1.3A/G polymorphism of thePDCD1gene and systemic lupus erythematosus in European populations: a meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:425-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lee YH, Woo JH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. Association of programmed cell death 1 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Lupus 2009; 18:9-15. [PMID: 19074163 DOI: 10.1177/0961203308093923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1 or PD1) polymorphisms have been inconsistently reported to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to explore whether the PDCD1 polymorphisms confer a susceptibility to SLE and lupus nephritis (LN). We conducted a meta-analysis on the association of PDCD1 polymorphisms with SLE in overall and specific ethnic populations. A total of 15 separate comparisons were included in this meta-analysis consisting of nine Europeans, two Latin Americans, two Africans, one Asian and one unknown participant. In subgroup analysis, the PD1.3A allele was significantly associated with SLE in Latin Americans (OR = 3.073, 95% CI = 1.416-6.461, P = 0.003), but not in patients of European and African decent. The PD1.3A allele was a risk factor for LN in European descendants (OR = 2.207, 95% CI = 1.488-3.467, P < 0.001). The PD1.5C allele was a risk factor for SLE in Europeans (OR = 1.297, 95% CI = 1.024-1.643, P = 0.031). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrated an association of the PD1.3A allele with LN in European and SLE in Latin-American populations. Furthermore, the PD1.5C allele was associated with SLE susceptibility in Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Mozaffarian N, Wiedeman AE, Stevens AM. Active systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with failure of antigen-presenting cells to express programmed death ligand-1. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:1335-41. [PMID: 18650228 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antigen-presenting cells (APC) play critical roles in establishing and maintaining peripheral tolerance. This is accomplished in part via expression of negative co-stimulatory molecules such as programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on tolerogenic APC, such as immature myeloid dendritic cells (mDC). Several studies have strongly linked dysfunction of APC, including mDC, to the pathogenesis of SLE. The objective of this study was to determine whether APC expressed PD-L1 protein at normal levels during active lupus. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 19 paediatric patients with SLE and from 17 healthy age-matched controls. PBMC from both cohorts were cultured in the absence of exogenously added stimuli, and leucocyte PD-L1 expression was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Immature mDC and monocytes (Mo) from healthy children expressed little PD-L1 at initial isolation, but spontaneously up-regulated PD-L1 by 24 h. In contrast, both mDC and Mo from patients with active SLE failed to up-regulate PD-L1 over a 5 day time course, expressing this protein only during disease remissions. CONCLUSIONS These data are the first to link active lupus with reversibly decreased PD-L1 expression on professional APC, suggesting a novel mechanism for loss of peripheral tolerance in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mozaffarian
- Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, 7th floor, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Wang SC, Lin CH, Li RN, Ou TT, Wu CC, Tsai WC, Liu HW, Yen JH. Polymorphisms of Genes for Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligands in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Immunol 2007; 27:563-7. [PMID: 17597384 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of ligands for programmed cell death 1 (PD-L) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 129 patients with RA and 125 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The PD-L1 and PD-L2 polymorphisms were determined by the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/direct sequencing or PCR/reaction fragment length polymorphisms. The genotype distributions of PD-L1 6777 C/G were not significantly different between the patients with RA and healthy controls. There was also no significant difference in the allele frequencies of PD-L1 6777 C/G polymorphisms between the patients with RA and controls. Similar findings could also be found in the phenotypes and alleles frequencies of PD-L2 47103 C/T and 47139 T/C polymorphisms between the patients with RA and controls. The patients with PD-L1 6777 G had higher prevalence of rheumatoid nodule in comparison with those without PD-L1 6777 G (p = 0.005, OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.5-10.9). In contrast, the PD-L2 47103 C/T and 47139 T/C polymorphisms were not related to the occurrence of rheumatoid nodule. This study demonstrated that the PD-L1 and PD-L2 polymorphisms were not associated with susceptibility to RA in Taiwan. PD-L1 6777 G was associated with the prevalence of rheumatoid nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Sharpe AH, Wherry EJ, Ahmed R, Freeman GJ. The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:239-45. [PMID: 17304234 DOI: 10.1038/ni1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1144] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) surface receptor binds to two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Studies have shown that PD-1-PD-L interactions control the induction and maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance and indicate a previously unknown function for PD-L1 on nonhematopoietic cells in protecting tissues from autoimmune attack. PD-1 and its ligands have also been exploited by a variety of microorganisms to attenuate antimicrobial immunity and facilitate chronic infection. Here we examine the functions of PD-1 and its ligands in regulating antimicrobial and self-reactive T cell responses and discuss the therapeutic potential of manipulating this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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