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Zhang JM, Wang HQ, Li HF, Mei XJ, Zhang YH, Zheng H. Electronic Structure, Aromaticity, and Magnetism of Minimum-Sized Regular Dodecahedral Endohedral Metallofullerenes Encapsulating Rare Earth Atoms. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:35197-35208. [PMID: 39157101 PMCID: PMC11325400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A series of minimally sized regular dodecahedron-embedded metallofullerene REC20 clusters (RE = Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd) as basic units of nanoassembled materials with tunable magnetism and UV sensitivity have been explored using density functional theory (DFT). The contribution of the 4f orbital of the rare earth atom at the center of the C20 cage to the frontier molecular orbital of REC20 gives the REC20 cluster additional stability. The AdNDP orbitals of the four REC20 superatoms that conform to the spherical jellium model indicate that through natural population analysis and spin density diagrams, we observe a monotonic increase in the magnetic moment from Ce to Gd. This is attributed to the increased number of unpaired electrons in the 4f orbitals of lanthanide rare earth atoms. The UV-visible spectrum of REC20 clusters shows strong absorption in the mid-UV and near-UV bands. REC20 clusters encapsulating lanthanide rare earth atoms stand out for their tunable magnetism, UV sensitivity, and stability, making them potential new self-assembly materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Zhang
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- College
of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College
of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Xun-Jie Mei
- College
of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Yong-Hang Zhang
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Metin T, Parlak C, Alver Ö, Tepe M. Hydrogen storage and electronic properties of C20, C15M5 and H2@C15M5 (M = Al, Si, Ga, Ge) nanoclusters. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Atoms in Highly Symmetric Environments: H in Rhodium and Cobalt Cages, H in an Octahedral Hole in MgO, and Metal Atoms Ca-Zn in C20 Fullerenes. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13071281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An atom trapped in a crystal vacancy, a metal cage, or a fullerene might have many immediate neighbors. Then, the familiar concept of valency or even coordination number seems inadequate to describe the environment of that atom. This difficulty in terminology is illustrated here by four systems: H atoms in tetragonal-pyramidal rhodium cages, H atom in an octahedral cobalt cage, H atom in a MgO octahedral hole, and metal atoms in C20 fullerenes. Density functional theory defines structure and energetics for the systems. Interactions of the atom with its container are characterized by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and the theory of non-covalent interactions (NCI). We establish that H atoms in H2Rh13(CO)243− trianion cannot be considered pentavalent, H atom in HCo6(CO)151− anion cannot be considered hexavalent, and H atom in MgO cannot be considered hexavalent. Instead, one should consider the H atom to be set in an environmental field defined by its 5, 6, and 6 neighbors; with interactions described by QTAIM. This point is further illustrated by the electronic structures and QTAIM parameters of M@C20, M=Ca to Zn. The analysis describes the systematic deformation and restoration of the symmetric fullerene in that series.
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Rahman H, Hossain MR, Ferdous T. The recent advancement of low-dimensional nanostructured materials for drug delivery and drug sensing application: A brief review. J Mol Liq 2020; 320:114427. [PMID: 33012931 PMCID: PMC7525470 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we have presented a detailed analysis of the recent advancement of quantum mechanical calculations in the applications of the low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs) into biomedical fields like biosensors and drug delivery systems development. Biosensors play an essential role for many communities, e.g. law enforcing agencies to sense illicit drugs, medical communities to remove overdosed medications from the human and animal body etc. Besides, drug delivery systems are theoretically being proposed for many years and experimentally found to deliver the drug to the targeted sites by reducing the harmful side effects significantly. In current COVID-19 pandemic, biosensors can play significant roles, e.g. to remove experimental drugs during the human trials if they show any unwanted adverse effect etc. where the drug delivery systems can be potentially applied to reduce the side effects. But before proceeding to these noble and expensive translational research works, advanced theoretical calculations can provide the possible outcomes with considerable accuracy. Hence in this review article, we have analyzed how theoretical calculations can be used to investigate LDNs as potential biosensor devices or drug delivery systems. We have also made a very brief discussion on the properties of biosensors or drug delivery systems which should be investigated for the biomedical applications and how to calculate them theoretically. Finally, we have made a detailed analysis of a large number of recently published research works where theoretical calculations were used to propose different LDNs for bio-sensing and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidur Rahman
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rakib Hossain
- Department of Physics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Ferdous
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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Caliskan S. Structural, Electronic and Adsorption Characteristics of Transition Metal doped TM@C70 Endohedral Fullerenes. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Yang YF, Gromov EV, Cederbaum LS. Caged-Electron States in Endohedral Li Fullerenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7617-7622. [PMID: 31755717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By employing large-scale high-level EA-EOM-CCSD calculations, we have computed and analyzed the low-lying states of neutral Li@C60. Apart from one state, all states are found to be charge-separated states of the type Li+@C60-. The new state is the first reported non-charge-separated state in endohedral alkali fullerenes. This caged-electron state is analyzed in detail. Arguments are given that in larger highly symmetric endohedral fullerenes the caged-electron state can be the electronic ground state of the system. HF and DFT calculations on Li@C180 indeed find that the caged-electron state is the ground state and that in its equilibrium geometry Li sits at the center of the cage. Applications are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Yang
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Evgeniy V Gromov
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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Yang YF, Gromov EV, Cederbaum LS. Charge separated states of endohedral fullerene Li@C 20. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:114306. [PMID: 31542008 DOI: 10.1063/1.5120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on high-level coupled-cluster calculations of electronic states of the neutral endohedral fullerene Li@C20. All computed states of neutral Li@C20 are found to be the charge separated states of the Li+@C20 - type. Using the state-of-the-art EA-EOM-CCSD method, we found that neutral Li@C20 (D3d) possesses several valence and superatomic charge separated states with considerable electron binding energies, the strongest bound state of Li+@C20 - being the 12Eu state (6.73 eV). The valence charge separated states correspond to two sets of states of C20 -. The states 12Eu, 12A2u, 22Eu, and 22A2u correspond to the respective bound states of C20 -, and the states 22A2g, 12Eg, 12A1g, and 42Eu correspond to the unbound states of C20 -. There are eight superatomic states with electron binding energy higher than 1.0 eV, being much stronger bound than the single weakly bound superatomic state of the parent fullerene anion. The analysis of the radial density distribution of the excess electron on the carbon cage indicates the important role of the inner part of the superatomic states in forming the charge separated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Yang
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy V Gromov
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Panahi Y, Sadeghi MM. Application of metallofullerene towards adsorption of mustard gas: a detailed DFT study. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Kaur M, Sawhney RS, Engles D. Ab initio scrutiny of endohedral C 20 fullerenes implanted in between gold electrodes. J Mol Model 2018; 24:81. [PMID: 29502277 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using the smallest non-classical fullerene, we investigate the impact of endohedral fullerene molecules on the quantum transport through molecular junctions, and then compared this with the pure C20-based molecular junction. By employing the density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function, we contemplated different electronic parameters, namely, density of states, transmission coefficient, energy levels, molecular orbitals, conduction gaps, electron density and their charge transfer. A knowledge of these physical parameters is necessary in order to calculate current and conductance computed using Landauer-Büttiker formalism. The molecule-electrode coupling influenced by endohedral molecules affects junction devices in a unique manner. We observe that the highest quantum transport is possible in an Au-N@C20-Au and Au-O@C20-Au junction device, and is even higher than that of the intrinsic C20 fullerene junction. Another notable observation is that the F@C20 molecule exhibits the least conducting nature, being even lower than that of the endohedral molecule formed by inserting the noble element, neon. Graphical abstract Electrical characteristics of Endohedral fullerene junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milanpreet Kaur
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.
| | - Ravinder Singh Sawhney
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Derick Engles
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
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Baei MT. Benzene Adsorption on C24, Si@C24, Si-Doped C24, and C20 Fullerenes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024417130143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Shokuhi Rad A, Ayub K. Substitutional doping of zirconium-, molybdenum-, ruthenium-, and palladium: An effective method to improve nonlinear optical and electronic property of C20 fullerene. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rad AS, Aghaei SM, Aali E, Peyravi M, Jahanshahi M. Application of chromium‐doped fullerene as a carrier for thymine and uracil nucleotides: Comprehensive density functional theory calculations. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shokuhi Rad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qaemshahr BranchIslamic Azad University Qaemshahr Iran
| | - Sadegh Mehdi Aghaei
- Quantum Electronic Structures Technology Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFlorida International University Miami Florida 33174 U.S.A
| | - Elaheh Aali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qaemshahr BranchIslamic Azad University Qaemshahr Iran
| | - Majid Peyravi
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringBabol University of Technology Babol Iran
| | - Mohsen Jahanshahi
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringBabol University of Technology Babol Iran
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Molani F, Askari M. A DFT study on the structural and electronic properties of small toxic gases on B- and Al- doped C20 fullerene. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476617040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Formation and electronic structure of C20 fullerene transition metal clusters. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Baei MT. First-Principles Study of NO2Adsorption on C20Fullerene. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T. Baei
- Department of Chemistry; Azadshahr Branch; Islamic Azad University; Azadshahr Golestan Iran
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