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Yeoh GH, De Cachinho Cordeiro IM, Wang W, Wang C, Yuen ACY, Chen TBY, Vargas JB, Mao G, Garbe U, Chua HT. Carbon-based Flame Retardants for Polymers: A Bottom-up Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403835. [PMID: 38814633 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This state-of-the-art review is geared toward elucidating the molecular understanding of the carbon-based flame-retardant mechanisms for polymers via holistic characterization combining detailed analytical assessments and computational material science. The use of carbon-based flame retardants, which include graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), and fullerenes, in their pure and functionalized forms are initially reviewed to evaluate their flame retardancy performance and to determine their elevation of the flammability resistance on various types of polymers. The early transition metal carbides such as MXenes, regarded as next-generation carbon-based flame retardants, are discussed with respect to their superior flame retardancy and multifunctional applications. At the core of this review is the utilization of cutting-edge molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which sets a precedence of an alternative bottom-up approach to fill the knowledge gap through insights into the thermal resisting process of the carbon-based flame retardants, such as the formation of carbonaceous char and intermediate chemical reactions offered by the unique carbon bonding arrangements and microscopic in-situ architectures. Combining MD simulations with detailed experimental assessments and characterization, a more targeted development as well as a systematic material synthesis framework can be realized for the future development of advanced flame-retardant polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Heng Yeoh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | | | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony Chun Yin Yuen
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Timothy Bo Yuan Chen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Juan Baena Vargas
- Commonwealth Science Industry Research Organisation (CSIRO), North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ulf Garbe
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Hui Tong Chua
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Gao D, Zhang Y, Lyu B, Wang P, Ma J. Nanocomposite based on poly(acrylic acid) / attapulgite towards flame retardant of cotton fabrics. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:245-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Al-Saleh MH, Al-Saidi BA, Al-Zoubi RM. Experimental and theoretical analysis of the mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotube/acrylonitrile–styrene–butadiene nanocomposites. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Peng H, Feng J, Zhou Y, Li Z, Zou H, Hao J. Percolation and catalysis effect of bamboo-based active carbon on the thermal and flame retardancy properties of ethylene vinyl-acetate rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Jie Feng
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino, V.le Teresa; Michel 5 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - You Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Zhuoshi Li
- JiangSu Key laboratory of Special Cable Material and Reliability Research; Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co.; Yangzhou China
| | - Hongfei Zou
- JiangSu Key laboratory of Special Cable Material and Reliability Research; Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co.; Yangzhou China
| | - Jianwei Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
- JiangSu Key laboratory of Special Cable Material and Reliability Research; Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co.; Yangzhou China
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