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Elzahhar PA, Nematalla HA, Al-Koussa H, Abrahamian C, El-Yazbi AF, Bodgi L, Bou-Gharios J, Azzi J, Al Choboq J, Labib HF, Kheir WA, Abu-Serie MM, Elrewiny MA, El-Yazbi AF, Belal ASF. Inclusion of Nitrofurantoin into the Realm of Cancer Chemotherapy via Biology-Oriented Synthesis and Drug Repurposing. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4565-4587. [PMID: 36921275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Structural modifications of the antibacterial drug nitrofurantoin were envisioned, employing drug repurposing and biology-oriented drug synthesis, to serve as possible anticancer agents. Eleven compounds showed superior safety in non-cancerous human cells. Their antitumor efficacy was assessed on colorectal, breast, cervical, and liver cancer cells. Three compounds induced oxidative DNA damage in cancer cells with subsequent cellular apoptosis. They also upregulated the expression of Bax while downregulated that of Bcl-2 along with activating caspase 3/7. The DNA damage induced by these compounds, demonstrated by pATM nuclear shuttling, was comparable in both MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 (p53 mutant) cell lines. Mechanistic studies confirmed the dependence of these compounds on p53-mediated pathways as they suppressed the p53-MDM2 interaction. Indeed, exposure of radiosensitive prostatic cancer cells to low non-cytotoxic concentrations of compound 1 enhanced the cytotoxic response to radiation indicating a possible synergistic effect. In vivo antitumor activity was verified in an MCF7-xenograft animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Hisham A Nematalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon
| | - Carla Abrahamian
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Amira F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Larry Bodgi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon
| | - Jolie Bou-Gharios
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon
| | - Joyce Azzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Al Choboq
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon
| | - Hala F Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy of Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 21913, Egypt
| | - Wassim Abou Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elrewiny
- Faculty of Pharmacy and the Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 5060335, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy and the Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 5060335, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Khdary NH, Alangari AA, Katubi KM, Alanazi M, Alhassan A, Alzahrani SD, Khan Z, Alanazi IO. Synthesis of Gingerol-Metals Complex and in-vitro Cytotoxic Activity on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:87-98. [PMID: 36733670 PMCID: PMC9888304 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s391546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herbs are excellent sources of medicinal substances, and their curative abilities have been recognized to treat many ailments and are used for example as antioxidants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antipyretics, and many other medicinal uses. The properties of natural compounds and their health effects have been studied extensively, especially those that originate from plant sources such as ginger. The ginger plant contains many chemical compounds, such as 6-gingerol, which is characterized by containing active groups such as carbonyl and hydroxide, which can be attached to metal molecules. This is what was done in this study, where the formation of complexes with a group of metals was studied and their effect on cancer cells was investigated. These complexes will open new horizons for further study of medicinal uses. Methods The synthesis of gingerol-metal complexes was carried out by conjugating gingerol molecules with Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn metal ions. The extracted gingerol was transferred to culture tubes and deionized water-DMSO were added followed by sonication. The tubes were incubated at 90°C for two days as well as the control sample. The samples were then filtered and the complex solutions were transferred into new tubes for further studies. Different characterization techniques such as FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, FESEM, and EDX are used to confirm the formation of the complexes. The in vitro of the complexes was tested by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay against the human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 which exhibited strong cytotoxicity. Results The gingerol-metal complexes showed an enhancement as an anticancer agent compared to the control. The in vitro anticancer activity showed that the Ag-gingerol complex showed the most activity among the other complexes. Discussion Gingerol-metal complexes can inhibit cancer cells, noting that the potency of the complex depends on the type of metal used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar H Khdary
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Nezar H Khdary, Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +966-114814236, Email
| | | | - Khadijah M Katubi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alanazi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhassan
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami D Alzahrani
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O Alanazi
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Ibrahim O Alanazi, Aging institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +966114813289, Email
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Zeng X, Jiang W, Du Z, Kokini JL. Encapsulation of tannins and tannin-rich plant extracts by complex coacervation to improve their physicochemical properties and biological activities: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35549567 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2075313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
As a major class of dietary polyphenols, tannins are demonstrated to have various health-promoting properties. Although tannins have been widely utilized in food, pharmaceutical and many other industries, the applications of tannins are quite limited due to their poor stability, sensory attributes and bioavailability. Encapsulation helps improve all of these properties. Complex coacervation, one of the most effective encapsulation techniques, is known for its simplicity, low cost, scalability and reproducibility in encapsulation of functional components. In recent years, complex coacervation has been successfully used for encapsulation of tannins and tannin-rich plant extracts. In this article, the research progress in encapsulating tannins and tannin-rich plant extracts by complex coacervation to improve their physicochemical properties and biological activities is critically reviewed for the first time. Encapsulation of tannins and tannin-rich plant extracts can effectively improve their sensory characteristics, stabilities, bioavailability, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities. In particular, the enhancement of biological activities of tannins and tannin-rich plant extracts is usually correlated to their improved physicochemical properties imparted by the encapsulation technique. Moreover, we introduce the issues that need to be further resolved in future studies on encapsulation of tannins and tannin-rich plant extracts by complex coacervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Zeng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenjiao Du
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jozef L Kokini
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Multifunctional Silver(I) Complexes with Metronidazole Drug Reveal Antimicrobial Properties and Antitumor Activity against Human Hepatoma and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040900. [PMID: 35205647 PMCID: PMC8869984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our previous studies demonstrated that a silver(I) nitrate complex with metronidazole presented greater photo-stability, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and genotoxic properties than silver(I) nitrate. These advantages make the complex a better candidate for clinical therapy than pure salt. Therefore, in this study, we decided to synthetize and determine the chemical, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4, a novel metronidazole silver(I) complex, in comparison with pure salt Ag2SO4 and [Ag(MTZ)2NO3]. The photo-stability, cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and antimicrobial activity of [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4 is higher than Ag2SO4. What is more, we found that the novel synthetized complex shows better cytotoxicity against cancer cells than [Ag(MTZ)2NO3]. Both complexes have similar biological activity against the majority of tested bacterial strains. Abstract Silver salts and azole derivatives are well known for their antimicrobial properties. Recent evidence has demonstrated also their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential toward both normal and cancer cells. Still, little is known about the action of complexes of azoles with silver(I) salts. Thus, the goal of the study was to compare the chemical, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of metronidazole complexes with silver(I) nitrate and silver(I) sulfate to metronidazole and pure silver(I) salts. We synthetized a novel complex, [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4, and confirmed its chemical structure and properties using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-Ray, IR and elemental analysis. To establish the stability of complexes [Ag(MTZ)2NO3] and [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4, they were exposed to daylight and UV-A rays and were visually assessed. Their cytotoxicity toward human cancer cells (HepG2, Caco-2) and mice normal fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T3 clone A31) was determined by MTT, NRU, TPC and LDH assays. The micro-dilution broth method was used to evaluate their antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A biofilm eradication study was also performed using the crystal violet method and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The photo-stability of the complexes was higher than silver(I) salts. In human cancer cells, [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4 was more cytotoxic than Ag2SO4 and, in turn, AgNO3 was more cytotoxic than [Ag(MTZ)2NO3]. For Balb/c 3T3 cells, Ag2SO4 was more cytotoxic than [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4, while the cytotoxicity of AgNO3 and [Ag(MTZ)2NO3] was similar. Metronidazole in the tested concentration range was non-cytotoxic for both normal and cancer cells. The complexes showed increased bioactivity against aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria when compared to metronidazole. For the majority of the tested bacterial strains, the silver(I) salts and complexes showed a higher antibacterial activity than MTZ; however, some bacterial strains presented the reverse effect. Our results showed that silver(I) complexes present higher photo-stability, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity in comparison to MTZ and, to a certain extent, to silver(I) salts.
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Chandrakala V, Aruna V, Angajala G. Review on metal nanoparticles as nanocarriers: current challenges and perspectives in drug delivery systems. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2022; 5:1593-1615. [PMID: 35005431 PMCID: PMC8724657 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, nanotechnology has been attracting considerable research attention because of their outstanding mechanical, electromagnetic and optical properties. Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field comprising nanomaterials, nanoelectronics, and nanobiotechnology, as three areas which extensively overlap. The application of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) has drawn much attention offering significant advances, especially in the field of medicine by increasing the therapeutic index of drugs through site specificity preventing multidrug resistance and delivering therapeutic agents efficiently. Apart from drug delivery, some other applications of MNPs in medicine are also well known such as in vivo and in vitro diagnostics and production of enhanced biocompatible materials and nutraceuticals. The use of metallic nanoparticles for drug delivery systems has significant advantages, such as increased stability and half-life of drug carrier in circulation, required biodistribution, and passive or active targeting into the required target site. Green synthesis of MNPs is an emerging area in the field of bionanotechnology and provides economic and environmental benefits as an alternative to chemical and physical methods. Therefore, this review aims to provide up-to-date insights on the current challenges and perspectives of MNPs in drug delivery systems. The present review was mainly focused on the greener methods of metallic nanocarrier preparations and its surface modifications, applications of different MNPs like silver, gold, platinum, palladium, copper, zinc oxide, metal sulfide and nanometal organic frameworks in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Chandrakala
- Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnan Koil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Valmiki Aruna
- Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnan Koil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gangadhara Angajala
- Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnan Koil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
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Zhang Y, Dong Y, Li X, Wang F. Proanthocyanidin Encapsulated in Ferritin Enhances Its Cellular Absorption and Antioxidant Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11498-11507. [PMID: 31544455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) possess superior antioxidant properties and nutritious value, however, low bioavailability and stability limit their applications. Here, we developed a novel method to encapsulate PA dimers successfully into horse spleen apoferritin (apoHSF) using a disassembly/reassembly method based on pH change. The PA-HSF nanoparticles were characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, circular dichroism, and high-performance liquid chromatography. One apoferritin cage could approximately encapsulate 25.6 molecules of the PA dimer. The results showed that the encapsulation of the PA dimers protected it from the damage of oxidants and temperature below room temperature would be an appropriate condition for HSF-578 solution storage. Moreover, HepG2 cell monolayer absorption and adhesion analyses indicated that the PA dimers encapsulated within apoHSF cages were more efficient in transport. In addition, it was indicated that the PA-HSF nanoparticles had higher cellular antioxidant activity. The novel strategy provided in this study indicates that the protein cage structures like ferritin have potential to be applied in the field of food nutrition.
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Bio-Mediated Synthesis and Characterisation of Silver Nanocarrier, and Its Potent Anticancer Action. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101423. [PMID: 31597260 PMCID: PMC6835987 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of a potent drug nanocarrier is crucial for cancer therapy in which drugs often face challenges in penetrating efficiently into solid tumours. Here, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a waste material, Garcinia mangostana (GM) fruit peel extract is demonstrated. The best condition for AgNPs synthesis was with 0.5 g of peel extract, 7.5 mM silver nitrate at 45 °C, ~pH 4 for 16 h. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical and 32.7 ± 5.7 nm in size. To test its efficiency to be used as drug carrier, plant-based drug, protocatechuic acid (PCA) was used as a test drug. AgNPs loaded with PCA (AgPCA) resulted in 80% of inhibition at 15.6 µg/mL as compared to AgNPs which only killed 5% of HCT116 colorectal cells at same concentration. The IC50 of AgNPs and AgPCA for HCT116 were 40.2 and 10.7 µg/mL, respectively. At 15.6 µg/mL, AgPCA was not toxic to the tested colon normal cells, CCD112. Ag-based drug carrier could also potentially reduce the toxicity of loaded drug as the IC50 of PCA alone (148.1 µg/mL) was higher than IC50 of AgPCA (10.7 µg/mL) against HCT116. Further, 24-h treatment of 15.6 µg/mL AgPCA resulted in loss of membrane potential in the mitochondria of HCT116 cells and increased level of reaction oxygen species (ROS). These could be the cellular killing mechanisms of AgPCA. Collectively, our findings show the synergistic anticancer activity of AgNPs and PCA, and its potential to be used as a potent anticancer drug nanocarrier.
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Suganya M, Gnanamangai BM, Govindasamy C, Elsadek MF, Pugazhendhi A, Chinnadurai V, Selvaraj A, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Ponmurugan P. Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated apoptosis of HT-29 cells through CS-PAC-AgNPs and investigation of genotoxic effects in zebra ( Danio rerio) fish model for drug delivery. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:767-776. [PMID: 31049002 PMCID: PMC6486539 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the validation of cancer nanotherapy using proanthocyanidin (PAC). Nowadays, in vitro and in vivo deliveries of nanoparticle (NPs) drugs have been paid more attention, intensively. Moreover, the current chemotherapeutic drugs have few first rate drawbacks including lack of specificity and requirement of excessive drug doses. To overcome this problem of chemotherapy, the attainment of high drug loading in combination with degradable polymer nanoparticles (for instance,chitosan) is a trending research in cancer biology. Hence, in this study, the synthesized PAC-AgNPs were successfully crosslinked with chitosan nanoparticles (CS-PAC-AgNPs), which were found to be spherical or polygonal in shape with a median size of 70.68 nm and 52.16 nm as observed by FTIR, FESEM and TEM analysis; thus, being suitable for drug delivery. CS-PAC-AgNPs were taken up via endocytosis by cancer cells and enabled the release cytochrome-C from mitochondria, followed by dysregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 family, inducing the apoptotic mediated activation of caspase 9 and 3. To identify the genotoxicity of the synthesized CS-PAC-AgNPs, the mortality, hatching rate, malformation and abnormalities of embryo/larvae of the vertebrate zebra fish model (Danio rerio) were observed in a dose-time-dependent manner. This improved cancer nanotherapy can thus be utilized as a novel nanocombination for inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Suganya
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Veeramani Chinnadurai
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arokiyaraj Selvaraj
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong –Gu, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong –Gu, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - Ponnusamy Ponmurugan
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding authors.
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